NSE 8A
Module 3 Journey to space
一、教材内容分析
本模块以人类探索宇宙的行为为背景引入现在完成时的用法,通过人类对宇宙太空所做努力的描述强化现在完成时的表意功能,开展听说读写教学活动。教学内容为语法的学习和使用提供了必要的感性材料。本模块的中心话题是介绍航天知识,着重介绍了火星探索计划以及宇宙中太阳系的部分知识。要求学生能够了解一点航天知识,学会利用现在完成时描述人类已经实施的太空探索计划。
二、学情分析
在前一个模块“Experiences”的学习中,学生初步掌握了利用现在完成时态谈论旅游、看电影、看书等经历,学习了现在完成时的一般疑问句及肯定、否定的回答方法。在本模块中,学生将继续学习yet, already, just等词在现在完成时态中的用法及have been to与 have gone to之间的区别。人类探索宇宙,是否真的存在外星人,太空旅行……这些一直都是学生们非常感兴趣的话题,学生会觉得有话可说。但是在讨论这一话题时将涉及较多的专有名词,学生掌握的难度较大。所以如果教材内容处理不当,会导致学生有话想说,却无法用英语来表达的尴尬场面。因此在具体安排教学内容时,应注意适当降低难度与要求,通过开展生动有趣的活动将航天知识深入浅出的传授给学生。
三、教学目标
国家«英语课程标准»指出,教学的开展应该激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,使学生树立自信心,养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略,发展自主学习的能力和合作精神。在教学过程中要努力培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神。依据这些要求,我制订了本模块的教学目标:
1.语言技能目标
(1)能够听懂对火星计划的陈述。
(2)能够介绍人类对太空的探索经历。
(3)能够读懂有关太空话题的文章,掌握文章的大意。
(4)能够结合图片、录像等手段介绍对太空所进行的探索。
2.语言知识目标
(1)能够运用现在完成时描述人类的太空探索计划,正确使用already, just, yet。
(2)能够正确使用下列单词:earth, just, station, latest, month, discover, show, over, also, part
(3)能够理解下列单词和词组:Mars, mission, unmanned, space shuttle, space station, billion, solar system, universe, galaxy, Jupiter
(4)能够掌握和辨认句子的重音
3.情感态度目标
(1)通过开展生动活泼的教学活动,激发学生的学习兴趣。
(2)在小组活动中积极与他人合作,相互帮助,共同完成学习任务, 尽情享受学习的乐趣。
4.文化意识目标
(1)通过中国“神州五号”、“神州六号”载人航天太空探索增强民族意识和自豪感。
(2)让学生了解一些航天知识,空间站的生活情况,九大行星的基本情况及适合人类生存的基本条件等,实现跨学科交流的目的。
5.学习策略目标
(1)自主学习 能够结合个人情况预习教材和拓展。
(2)合作学习 能够与同学交流学习心得体会,共享学习策略。
(3)能利用网上学习资源查找信息,用所学内容进行真实的交际,积极参与课外英语学习。
(4)通过合作讨论、游戏、竞赛、单词联想等多种形式,实现在用中学、为用而学、学用结合、学而能用的原则。
四、重点难点
1.教学重点
(1)重点词汇:earth, just, station, latest, month, discover, show, over, also, part, light, real, already, yet, several, beyond, alone, cost, prefer
(2)重点句型:-Have you … yet?
-Yes, I / we have already / just …
-No, not yet. / No, I / we haven’t … yet.
-I have been to … He/ She has gone to …
(3)话题:宇宙探索
2.教学难点
(1)用现在完成时描述人类已经实施的太空探索计划。
(2)have been to与have gone to的区别。
五、课时安排
第一课时 Unit 1 Has it arrived yet?
第二课时 Unit 2 We haven’t found life on other planets yet.
第三—四课时 Unit 3 Language in use & workbook
六、教学过程设计
Unit 1 Has it arrived yet?
Topic | Space mission to Mars |
Aims | To understand the conversation about the space mission to Mars To talk about space mission to Mars To talk about the life at space station and the space research in China |
Key vocabulary | earth, Mars, already, just, month, recently, several, discover |
Key structures | Have they… yet? Yes, they have just / already…. No, not yet. (No, they haven’t yet.) |
Tasks | Information gap Writing competition |
Grammar | The present perfect tense |
Teaching aids | Tape recorder, video, multi-media |
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Word map construction
Show students a video about humans landing on the moon, and ask students to say out the things they see. Help students to answer: astronauts, spacecraft, the moon and so on. Then ask students to work in groups of four. Try to think out more related words like: earth, scientists, stars, space shuttle, sun, planet, universe, space station, air, space and so on.
(设计说明:这个环节的设置旨在培养学生的自主学习、合作学习与发散思维的能力。学生在观看录像之后,说出已知的单词,并尝试联想相关词汇,这有利于学生发散思维能力的培养。若涉及未学过的词汇,学生可以通过小组互助合作查找出来,改变了由老师教,学生学的传统的单词教学的模式。学生通过合作探究,自学新的知识,若在反馈中出现错误,老师可适当纠正。这些都为下面的听力环节解决了语言上可能出现的困难。)
2. Ask students to answer some questions about this video.
①. How did the astronauts go to the moon?
②. How many spacecrafts has America sent to the moon by now?
③. Have they discovered life on the moon?
④. Have the scientists sent spacecrafts to Mars yet?
⑤. Have they discovered life on Mars yet?
设计说明:此环节可以帮助学生更深入地了解人类登月的历史。最后的两个问题,很自然的将讨论的话题由登月过渡到火星探索方面,由此引出了接下来的内容,起到承上启下的衔接作用。另外,这些问题的设置很自然的引出该堂课的重点句型:Have they …yet? Yes, they have just / already…. No, not yet. / No, they haven’t yet.)
Step 2 Listening (Activities 1 & 2)
1. Tell students to listen to a piece of news about the travel mission to Mars and find the answer to the question “Have they discovered life on Mars yet?” and finish Activity 1: Listen and number the words as you hear them.
2. Listen again and finish Activity 2: Check the true sentences.
(设计说明:本活动为听力基本能力训练,是一种听力输入理解活动。听力的相关内容对火星探索计划作了简单的介绍,为学生能更好的理解下一环节中的对话内容作了铺垫。)
Step 3 Listening and reading (Activities 3, 4, 5)
1. Tell students Da Ming’s friend Tony has made a model of a space station, and now they are talking about the model. Ask students to listen and read the dialogues, then try to answer three questions: ①. Has the spacecraft to Mars arrived yet?
②. Have many astronauts been to the moon recently?
③. How do the astronauts go back to the earth from the space station?
2. Ask students to read the dialogue again and finish Activities 4 and 5.
3. Students read after the tape and then act out the dialogue.
(设计说明:通过这一环节的学习,学生们对火星探索计划的了解更为透彻了。而朗读与表演对话则能使教学内容得到进一步的巩固与提高。)
Step 4 Tasks (Activity 6)
1. Show students a video and some pictures of space stations, and introduce the basic structures of a space station. Then ask students to discuss in groups of four to find the differences between the life on earth and the life at a space station. They may use “We can… but we can’t….”
(设计说明:这个活动为学生展开丰富的想象提供了充分的空间,同时,还兼顾了学科之间的渗透。学生可以利用已掌握的科学知识,大胆地想象,甚至可以提供创造性的答案。这都有利于学生逻辑思维能力与创新能力的培养。另外,这个活动还为下一活动的开展作了较好的铺垫。)
2. Information gap
Ask students to suppose: one of the classmates is an astronaut in a space station, now he is talking to his son / daughter through TV about what they two have done recently. Then tell students to work in pairs and finish the sheets. (表格见附录 Page7,Page8 )
(设计说明:在这个环节中,通过创设信息差,吸引学生积极参与课堂活动。在传统的教学模式中,我们常用生生之间一问一答的方式,操练与巩固句型。但由于缺乏特定的情境,这样的活动只操练句型,而忽略意义,无法调动学生的兴趣。而信息差的创设可以使原有的活动变得有意义。学生必须使用目标语言来获得想要的信息,实现了“用英语做事情”这一教学基本目标。)
Step 5 Writing competition (Activities 8 & 9)
Show students the photos of Chinese famous astronauts Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong and Nie Haishen. Ask students to talk in groups of four about what we Chinese have already done about the space travel and what we haven’t done yet. First, students work by themselves in three minutes, then share his / her ideas with the workmates in three minutes, finally the groups show their ideas before the whole class. The one who has the longest list will win the competition.
(设计说明:本环节的活动是上一环节活动的延续。以航空为话题强化学生对现在完成时的运用能力。在活动中将学生自主学习与小组合作活动相结合,旨在培养学生独立自主的学习能力及分享观点,相互协作的能力。)
Step 6 Homework
1. Pronunciation and speaking. (Activity 7)
2. Search the Internet, and try to find some materials about the nine planets of the sun.
3. Finish workbook Page 120 Exercises 2 & 5
Unit 2 We haven’t found life on other planets yet.
Topic | Is there life out in space? |
Aims | To understand the passage about space travel involving the present perfect tense To write about space travel using the present perfect tense |
Key vocabulary | planet, alone, also, part, light, beyond, cost, prefer, none, environment, air |
Key structures | The present perfect tense with just, already, yet |
Tasks | Discussion and making a science report Writing |
Grammar | The present perfect tense |
Teaching aids | Multi-media, the cards of planets, tape recorder, video |
Step 1 Revision
1. Greetings.
- Have you had your breakfast / lunch?
- Have you cleaned your classroom?
- Has your father gone to work today?
…
2. A survey
Ask students to make a survey. Talk about what their partners have done recently. Then complete the following questionnaire.
-What have you done recently?
-I have made a poster about space travel.
Name | Time | Something special that you have done |
| recently |
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| this week |
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| in the past few weeks |
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| … |
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3. Making a report
Students make a short report with the questionnaire.
(设计说明:这一环节是一个热身活动,通过师生的日常问答,复习了上节课的主要知识结构。在生生之间的对话操练环节,通过设计一个调查活动,把合作活动设置在具体、真实、自然的情景中,贴近了学生的生活,这样能更好地激发学生的兴趣,吸引更多的学生主动、积极地参与教学活动。)
Step 2 Pre-reading
1. Teach students the solar system, then ask them to look at the picture of the solar system on the blackboard. Tell them to put the nine planets at the right place.(制作九大行星的教具)
(设计说明:通过这个游戏活动,将较难掌握的天体名称以生动有趣的形式呈现给学生,可以活跃课堂气氛,提高学生的兴趣。学生在愉悦的氛围中学习知识,能达到良好的教学效果。)
2. Ask students to work in groups of four and discuss two questions:
① Have we found life on other eight planets yet? If not, why?
② What do you know about UFO? Do you believe there are creatures from outer space? Why or why not?
(设计说明:通过对这两个问题的分组讨论,使学生对所要了解的阅读材料的相关背景知识有一个感性认识,减少阅读障碍,为学生理解阅读材料打下良好的基础。)
Step 3 Reading (Activities 2 & 3)
1. Global reading (Activity 2)
Students read the article and try to find the title of the article. (First students choose the title by themselves, then discuss it with their partners. They must try to explain the reasons.)
(设计说明:训练学生的整体理解能力。反馈是要求学生说明选择的依据,目的是帮助学生分析细节与整体的差别,关注学生阅读策略的培养。)
2. Detailed reading (Activities 3 & 4)
Students read the article again and finish Activities 3 and 4. (First students do by themselves, then share the answers with their partners.)
(设计说明:就阅读理解而言,输出与输入同样重要,因此有必要加强输出性的活动。本环节所涉及的技能不只是细节的理解与判断,同时还有归纳、推理与逻辑。因此,在此环节中,要求学生先独立思考,完成练习;然后分享讨论结果,总结阅读技巧与规律。)
3. Problem solving.
Students work in groups of four again, trying to find difficulties in the article and discuss together. At the same time, discuss some language points raised by partners. If there is any problem, they may ask the teacher for help. At last share their worksheets with the whole class.
Name | Language points | Difficulties | Solutions |
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(设计说明:在传统的教学中,老师总是充当主角,罗列出课文的重点、难点进行讲解,学生只有被动的接受,学习主动性受到很大的限制。设计这个环节是为了帮助学生提高学习的主动性,学会自主学习的方法,逐渐形成比较完善的阅读学习策略。)
Step 4 Discussion and making a science report
Tell students that because of the pollution, the environment on earth is becoming worse and worse. If one day, humans can’t live on earth any more, they have to find “a second earth” in space for them to live on, what kind of planet is suitable? Ask students to discuss in groups of four and make a report.
(设计说明:将课内阅读延伸到课外,是对课内学习的补充和拓展。让学生在探究中得到提高,这有利于学生综合素质能力的培养。)
Step 5 Writing (Activities 6 & 7)
Show students a cartoon picture, asking them to answer the questions first, then use the answers to write the story in the cartoon picture.
(设计说明:本环节分为两个步骤。第一步是句子写作,第二步是语篇写作。第一步为第二步作好准备,这种递进的方式对于英语基础不好的学生尤为有用。在了解了有关航天知识,基本掌握了现在完成时的用法后,借助卡通图片对人类探索火星进行描述,能够将所学知识进一步巩固和强化。)
Step 6 Homework
1. Finish Activity 5
2. Finish workbook Page 121 Exercises 5, Page 122 Exercises 10, 11, 12
Unit 3 Language in use
Topic | Language in use |
Aims | To practice the use of the present perfect tense To learn the learning strategy of word –map To complete a task about space travel |
Key vocabulary | twice, explore, diary, even, secret, prefer, real |
Key structures | Have you …yet? I have already / just…. I haven’t …yet. |
Tasks | Making a poster about space travel |
Grammar | The present perf
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