动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词

一、五种基本形式：

英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。

1、 第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数

构成规则 一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成 以e结尾的直接加-s 例词 eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等 write-writes, come-comes, close-closes等 以s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词，后加-es Watch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes等 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为istudy-studies, fly-flies等 再加-es 2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法

原形 构成规则 一般情况 以-e结尾的 以辅音字母加y结尾的 以元音字母加y结尾的 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母 以r音节结尾的 以ie结尾的 例词 turn move,love try,study stay,play stop,plan 过去式和过去分词 构成规则 加-ed 只加-d 应将y改为i再加-ed 直接加-ed 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed 双写末尾的r再加-ed 加-d 例词 turned moved, loved tried studied stayed played stopped planned 现在分词 例词 turning moving, loving trying, studying staying, playing stopping, planning 构成规则 加-ing 去掉e再加-ing 直接加-ing 直接加-ing 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing 双写末尾的r再加-ing Prefer,refer lie,die preferred referred lied,died preferring, referring 将ie变加-ing lying, dying 3、 常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表

原形 am,is are bear become begin 过去式 was were bore became began 过去分词 been been born become begun 汉语翻译 是 是 忍受（熊） 成为，变成 开始 break bring build buy catch can情态动词 原形 come cost cut do助动词 does助动词 drink drive eat feel find fly forget get give go grow have助动词 has助动词 hear know learn leave lend let lie lose make meet may情态动词 must情态动词 pay put read broke brought built bought caught could 过去式 came cost cut did did drank drove ate felt found flew forgot got gave went grew had had heard knew learned/learnt left lent let lay lost made met might must paid put read broken brought built bought caught 打坏，打破 带来 建筑，建设 买 揪住，抓住 能，会 汉语翻译 来 花费 砍，切 做 做 喝 驾驶，开车 吃 感觉 发现，找到 飞行，放飞 忘记 得到 给予，给 走，去 成长，种植 有 有 听见 知道，了解 学习 离开，留下 借给 让 躺下 丢失 制造，制作 遇见 可以 必须 付钱，赔偿 放 读 过去分词 come cost cut done done drunk driven eaten felt found flown forgot/forgotten got/gotten given gone grown had had heard known learned/learnt left lent let lain lost made met paid put read ride ring run say see sell shall情态动词 sing sit 原形 sleep smell speak spell spend stand sweep swim take teach tell think wear win write will情态动词 rode rang ran said saw sold should sang sat 过去式 slept smelt spoke spelt spent stood swept swam took taught told thought wore won wrote would ridden rung run said seen sold 骑，乘 （钟、铃）响，鸣 跑 说 看见 卖 将 唱 坐 汉语翻译 睡 闻起来，嗅 说 拼读，拼写 花费，度过 站 打扫 游泳 带去，花费，乘 教 告诉 想，思考 穿戴 获胜，赢 写 将，愿，会 sung sat 过去分词 slept smelt spoken spelt spent stood swept swum took taught told thought worn won written laugh shout point like live laughed/’la:ft/ shouted pointed liked lived 笑 喊，叫 指出，指向 喜欢 生活，居住（现场直播的） look walk show looked walked showed 看 步行 给…看，显露出，表明 二、动词时态

定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时

常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes等

地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。

公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 2、一般过去时

有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天），this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when引导的状语从句（过去），at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。

3、一般将来时

常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。

构成：will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。 特殊情形：

be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。

用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时

常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时

the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时：

常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段 等。 构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时

8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形