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一般过去时的用法及结构

2023-05-18 来源:年旅网


一般过去时的用法及结构

1. 一般过去时的基本用法

用法:① 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例如:I went to school at 7:00 yesterday morning.我昨天早晨七点去上学。

② 表示在过去某个时间存在的状态。例如:She was not at home last night.她昨晚八点没在家。

四种时间状语:

① yesterday及相关短语。例yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上。② “last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。例如:last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。

③ “一段时间+ago”组成的短语。例如:three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。 ④ “介词+ 过去时间名词”组成的短语。例如:in 1999 在1999年;on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。

【举例】 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。

My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。

2. 一般过去时的基本结构

四种句式的构成① 一般过去时态的肯定句式 “主语+动词过去式+其它”例如:Jenny bought a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天买了一件短裙。② 一般过去时态的否定句式 “主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它”例如: 詹妮昨天没有买短裙。③ 一般过去时态的一般疑问句式 “Did+主语+动词原形+其它” 例如:詹妮昨天买短裙了吗?④ 一般过去时态的特殊疑问句式 ”例如: 詹妮昨天买了什么?

⑴ 肯定句“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。 【举例】Jenny bought a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天买了一件短裙。

My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。

⑵ 否定句“主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他”或“主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他”。 【举例】Jenny didn’t buy a skirt yesterday.

Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。

⑶ 一般疑问句“Did+主语+动词原形+其他?”或者“Was/Were+主语+其他?”

【举例】Did Jenny buy a skirt yesterday?

— Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧?

— Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t. 是的,还行。/不,不行。

⑷ 特殊疑问句:“疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其它?或者“疑问词+Was/Were+主语+其他?”

【举例】What did Jenny buy yesterday?

— Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿? — I was at home. 我在家里。

为了便于记忆行为动词(实义动词)的一般过去时用法及结构,我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆:动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。

谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志。 否定形式很简单,主语之后didn’t添。

谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则,主语前面加did。

过去式的构成

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3. be动词和实义动词过去式的构成: ⑴ 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式:was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式,were 是are的过去式。

⑵ 规则动词过去式的构成:

①一般在动词末尾加—ed。 【举例】walk→walked play→played ②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。【举例】love→loved decide→decided ③结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词。先将y 变为i,再加—ed 。 【举例】study→studied carry→carried

④辅元辅结尾重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加—ed 。 【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned

规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆: 过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e(不发音的),只需直接加上—d 。 “辅音字母+y ”在词尾,变y为i加—ed 。 “辅元辅”且重读作尾巴,双写之后加—ed 。 随堂练习:

一.写出下列动词的过去式。

1.am/is ________ 2.do _______ 3.go ________ 4.have _______ 5.isn’t _________ 6. aren’t ________ 7.spend________ 8.cook_______ 9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________ 二.用适当的词完成下列对话。

1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.

— What _______ you ______ last weekend ? — I _______ some homework. 2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend? — She _______ to the beach. 3.— What _______ they do last weekend? — They ________ to the movies. 三.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday. 3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?

5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor. 6.We ________ (have) a party last night.

7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home.

8.— How _______ (be) the students? — They were very friendly.

9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school. 10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water. 11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy.

12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? — No, he didn’t. 13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday. 四.句型转换。

1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month. 2.They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) —______ they _______ football this morning? —Yes, they _______./No, they _________ .

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3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _________ _________ they ________ last year.

4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _______ Tom _______ TV last night? 5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子) Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .

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