专业英语四级(完形填空)模拟试卷9 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有: 3. CLOZE
PART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
Ever since human beings have inhabited the Earth, earthquakes have plagued our lives. These dangerous acts of the Earth have【C1】______ great damage to people. They have the power to uproot trees and send them【C2】______ into buildings. They can【C3】______ landslides and cause flooding and tsunamis. Buildings and structures are also【C4】______. Buildings with thick, heavy walls do not【C5】______ shock waves well. Violent earthquakes often cause structures to【C6】______, burying people underneath. Brick buildings are the most【C7】______. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the 【C8】______fires and floods that often the greatest damage【C9】______. There are several things that you have to watch out 【C10】______ immediately after the earthquake. The first thing that you should do after an earthquake is to【11】_____ yourself for injuries. Often people【C12】______to others without checking their own injuries. Then don’t forget to protect yourself from【C13】______danger by putting on long pants, a heavy shirt, and strong shoes. After you have taken care of yourself, help injured or【C14】______ persons. Don’t try to move seriously injured people unless they are in【C15】______ danger of further injury. Once people are taken care of, you must take care of anything that can cause further harm. Look for and【C16】______ small fires and eliminate fire hazards. Fire is the most common【C17】______following earthquakes, creating more damage than the earthquake itself. Leave the gas on, unless you smell gas or think it’s【C18】______. It may be weeks or months before【C19】______ can turn gas back on using the correct procedure. With improvements in technology, lives have been saved and many more【C20】______. All that remains is to research what takes place before, during, and after an earthquake.
1. 【C1】 A.kept to B.pointed out C.resulted in D.held on
正确答案:C
解析:动词短语辨析题。句意为:地震导致了巨大的损失。[A]kept to“遵守,信守”;[B]pointed out“指出”;[C]resulted in“导致”;[D]held on“继续,不挂断”。[C]为答案。
2. 【C2】 A.clashing B.crashing C.clapping D.cracking
正确答案:B
解析:动词辨析题。[A]clashing“冲突,不协调”;[B]crashing“撞碎,破碎”;[C]clapping“击掌,拍手”;[D]cracking“破裂,爆裂”。本句描述的情景是,地震将树木连根拔起,并使其撞毁大楼,故选择[B]。
3. 【C3】 A.trigger B.trace C.tremble D.trail
正确答案:A
解析:动词辨析题。句意为:它们可以引发山崩,导致洪水和海啸。四个选项都可用作动词,[A]trigger“触发,引起”;[B]trace“追踪,回溯,描绘”;[C]tremble“颤抖”;[D]trail“拖,尾随,追踪”,所以trigger为答案。
4. 【C4】 A.at best B.at peace C.at risk D.at length
正确答案:C
解析:短语辨析题。[A]at best“至多,充其量”;[B]at peace“处于和平或平静的状态”;[C]at risk“处于危险之中”;[D]at length“最终,详细地”。其中[C]符合原文。
5. 【C5】 A.resist B.consist C.persist D.exist
正确答案:A
解析:动词辨析题。句意为:有着厚重墙壁的建筑物并不能很有效地抵御地震波。[A]resist“抵御,抵抗”;[B]consist“构成”;[C]persist“坚持”;[D]exist“存在”,因此[A]为答案。
6. 【C6】 A.vanish B.collapse C.collide D.confront
正确答案:B
解析:动词辨析题。常识告诉我们,剧烈的地震会使建筑物倒塌,将楼里的人埋在废墟下,所以此处选择[B]collapse。
7. 【C7】 A.favorable B.dependable C.vulnerable D.valuable
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。句意为:砖建筑是最脆弱的。[A]favorable“赞同的,有利的”;[B]dependable“可依赖的”;[C]vulnerable“脆弱的,易受攻击的”;[D]valuable“有价值的”。[C]符合原文。
8. 【C8】 A.consistent B.frequent C.subsequent D.constant
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。由本段最后一句中的“after the earthquake”可知,此处说的水灾和火灾都是在震后发生的,故选择[C]subsequent“接下来的”。[A]consistent“一贯的,一直的”;[B]frequent“经常的,频繁”;[D]constant“始终如一的”,这三项均与原文内容无关。
9. 【C9】 A.occurs B.allows C.appears D.rewards
正确答案:A
解析:动词辨析题。本句使用的是强调句型,还原后是“the greatest damage——in…”。选项中只有[A]occurs表示“发生”,故为答案。
10. 【C10】 A.at B.in C.by D.for
正确答案:D
解析:固定搭配题。watch out for是固定搭配,表示“戒备,提防,密切注意”。
11. 【C11】 A.ensure B.check C.notice D.view
正确答案:B
解析:固定搭配题。check for为习惯搭配,表示“检查某物”。
12. 【C12】 A.tend B.lead C.deal D.care
正确答案:A
解析:固定搭配题。句意为:人们常常在没有检查自己伤势的情况下就去照 料其他人。此处tend to为固定搭配,表示“照料”;而不是考查tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。
13. 【C13】 A.another B.further C.farther D.either
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。本题要求填人danger的修饰语,首先排除[D]either。其次[A]another侧重数量,而本句强调程度,也应排除。[B]further指程度“更严重,更进一步”;[C]farther则指实际距离“更远”,因此further符合原文。
14. 【C14】 A.confined B.cornered
C.trapped D.caught
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。[A]confined“被监禁的,被限制的”;[B]cornered“被逼至绝路的”;[C]trapped“陷入困境的”;[D]caught“被抓住的”,所以trapped更符合原文语境。
15. 【C15】 A.future B.possible C.immediate D.terrible
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。不要试图去移动重伤员,除非他们会马上受到更严重的伤。显然只有在非常紧急的情况下,才可以挪动重伤员,所以选择[C]immediate“当前的,迫切的”。
16. 【C16】 A.extinguish B.distinguish C.distinct D.extinct
正确答案:A
解析:形近词辨析题。[A]extinguish是动词,表示“熄灭”;[B]distinguish是动词,表示“区分”;[C]distinct是形容词,表示“清晰的,清楚的”;[D]extinct是形容词,表示“灭绝的”。[A]extinguish符合原文。
17. 【C17】 A.risk B.hazard C.nuisance D.herald
正确答案:B
解析:名词辨析题。句意为:火灾是地震后最常见的危险。[A]risk“风险”;[B]hazard“危险”;[C]nuisance“令人讨厌的人或物”;[D]herald“预告,信使”,所以hazard为答案。
18. 【C18】 A.dripping B.flowing
C.leaking D.flooding
正确答案:C
解析:动词辨析题。句意为:不要去管天然气,除非你闻到了气味或它在渗漏。[A]dripping特指液体的“滴下”,例如:Water is dripping from the pipe.[B]flowing指液体或人潮的“流动”,例如:The tide began to flow and ourfootprints were covered.[C]leaking指“渗漏,泄漏”,例如:We stopped the leakin the gas pipe by means of lead.[D]flooding指“淹没”,例如:The office wasflooded with complaints.原文是在说天然气的泄漏,故选择leaking。
19. 【C19】 A.procedures B.professionals C.promoters D.processors
正确答案:B
解析:形近词辨析题。[A]procedures“过程,程序”;[B]professionals“专业人士”;[C]promoters“促进者”;[D]processors“处理器,加工业者”。其中professionals符合原文语境。
20. 【C20】 A.can B.shall C.will D.have
正确答案:C
解析:语法题。本句使用了省略句型。补充完整后是:....lives have been savedand many more lives will be saved.因此空格处应填入[C]will。
Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that older【C1】____ are more likely to succeed during school careers,【C2】______ their younger counterparts are more likely to fall. Kindergarten children who turn five during the later half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it【C3】______ physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. 【C4】______, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten 【C5】______ to receive better grades and score higher on achievement【C6】______ throughout their schooling experience than 【C7】______those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the【C8】______thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children【C9】______ inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling eats its
own bitter fruit; Youngsters【C10】______ parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, 【C11】______ to maintain their initial academic advantage【C12】______ their less-pressured peers. Many psychologists and educators remain【C13】______ of approaches that place 4-year olds in a formal educational setting. They question【C14】______ environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not【C15】______, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and【C16】______ children possible freedom to play, develop at their own way, and【C17】______their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now【C18】______ of them in kindergarten. These psychologists and educators believe we are【C19】______ young children too hard and thereby【C20】______them of their childhood.
21. 【C1】 A.toddlers B.tractors C.thinkers D.thunders
正确答案:A
解析:形近词辨析题。[A]toddlers由toddle转变而来,表示“蹒跚学步的孩子”;[B]tractors“拖拉机”;[C]thinkers“思考者”;[D]thunders“雷鸣”。原句是在描述幼儿在学校的表现,故这里选择[A]。
22. 【C2】 A.thereby B.whereas C.since D.hence
正确答案:B
解析:逻辑关系题。本句前半句提及年龄稍大的孩子更易获得成功;而后半句说的是年龄稍小的孩子很可能会失败。显然这两个分句之间是一种对比的关系,故选择[B]whereas。
23. 【C3】 A.adapts to B.calls for C.deals with D.comes to
正确答案:D
解析:动词短语辨析题。句意为:在涉及体力、情感交际和智力方面的发展时,下半年才到5岁的孩子处于劣势。[A]adapts to“适应于”;[B]calls for“呼吁”;[C]deals with“处理”;[D]comes to“谈到,涉及”。[D]符合原文。
24. 【C4】 A.Consequently B.Additionally C.Conversely D.Accidentally
正确答案:B
解析:逻辑关系题。第一段末句提到,下半年才到5岁的孩子在一些方面的发展处于劣势,而本句指出,6岁才上幼儿园的孩子要比5岁就上幼儿园的孩子成绩要好。显然这两句之间是递进、补充的关系,故选择[B]Additionally。
25. 【C5】 A.prefer B.want C.tend D.like
正确答案:C
解析:固定搭配题。tend to do sth.为固定句型,表示“有做某事的趋势”。
26. 【C6】 A.tests
B.performance C.competition D.confrontation
正确答案:A
解析:固定搭配题。achievement test是固定说法,表示“成绩测试”。
27. 【C7】 A.to B.do C.for D.make
正确答案:B
解析:语法题。本句使用了than引导的比较句,其中空格部分应是比较的内容,补充完整是receive grades and score,这里用助动词do代替动词短语。
28. 【C8】
A.right B.possible C.easy D.same
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。空格处需要填入thing的修饰语,由于空格前有定冠词the,故选择[D]same。同时将same带入原句,可得到句意:聪明、语言表达能力强并不等同于已经做好上学的准备。
29. 【C9】 A.against B.for C.with D.by
正确答案:C
解析:介词辨析题。句意为:很容易将孩子表面的稳重和老练与他们内心的成熟混淆在一起。原句中的动词confuse常与[C]with搭配,表示“将……误当作,混淆”。
30. 【C10】 A.with B.those C.whose D.and
正确答案:C
解析:语法题。分析原句结构可知:parents push them to attain academicsuccess…是youngsters的定语从句,根据parents与youngsters之间的关系,选择[C]whose。
31. 【C11】 A.able B.fail
C.continue D.go
正确答案:B
解析:动词辨析题。由前半句的“are less creative,have more anxiety”,以及并列连词and推断出,这些孩子不能继续保持原本在学习上的优势。fail to dosth.是习惯搭配,表示“未能做成某事”,[B]为答案。
32. 【C12】
A.over B.in C.at D.on
正确答案:A
解析:介词辨析题。advantage后一般接介词over,表示与他人竞争时优越的或成功的条件或环境,优势。
33. 【C13】 A.approval B.skeptical C.optimistic D.consistent
正确答案:B
解析:语义衔接题。空格后搭配的介词是of,所以首先排除[C]optimistic和[D]consistent,因为它们都不能与of搭配。[A]approval“赞同,许可”;[B]skeptical“怀疑”,由下句中question一词可知,他们对这种方法持怀疑态度,故选择[B]。
34. 【C14】 A.how B.that C.why D.whether
正确答案:D
解析:语法题。句意为:他们质疑环境的改善是否能够在很大程度上改变成长在普通家庭环境中的孩子的心理成长时间表。由于心理学家和教育学家对这种做法持怀疑态度,故选择[D]whether引导宾语从句。
35. 【C15】 A.like B.agree C.deny D.accept
正确答案:C
解析:动词辨析题。上句提到“他们质疑这种做法”;本句与上句之间使用表示转折关系的副词however,由此可以判断,他们并没有否认托儿所、幼儿园的价值,故选择[C]deny。
36. 【C16】 A.let
B.make C.allow D.cause
正确答案:C
解析:动词辨析题。句意为:……提供了家一样的环境,给孩子尽可能多的自由去玩耍。allow sb.sth.to do表示“许可某人得到某物做某事”。
37. 【C17】 A.involve B.evolve C.indulge D.revolt
正确答案:B
解析:动词辨析题。[A]involve“涉及,卷入”;[B]evolve“演变,发展”;[C]indulge“沉溺”;[D]revolt“反抗”。本句的意思是:发展他们的社交技能,故选择[B]evolve。
38. 【C18】 A.regarded B.reminded C.conceived D.expected
正确答案:D
解析:动词辨析题。句意为:但是他们指出,我们期待孩子们在幼儿园做到许多原本应该在一年级做的事。expect of sb.是习惯搭配,表示“期待,期望”,[D]为答案。
39. 【C19】 A.exploiting B.spoiling C.driving D.caring
正确答案:C
解析:动词辨析题。要求孩子在幼儿园里就达到小学的要求,这肯定并不是exploiting“剥削”,也不是spoiling“溺爱”或caring“照料”,所以选择[C]driving. drive sb.表示“逼迫某人”。
40. 【C20】 A.lacking B.depriving
C.allowing D.denying
正确答案:B
解析:动词辨析题。句意为:……剥夺了他们的童年。deny可以表示“剥夺”,但应用于deny sb.sth.的结构。deprive sb.of sth.表示“剥夺某人某物”,所以选择[B]depriving。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容