考研英语作文经典词汇汇总

考研英语作文经典词汇汇总

一、 图表作文常用词汇：

表格图table ;

图表chart; diagram；graph； column

描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent 数字：figure; 数据：statistic; 百分比：percentage; 比例：proportion;

上升：increase；rise; ascend ; surge; go up; climb; mount; level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳: stable/ steady/ remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动: fluctuate/ fluctuation/ rise and falls up and down 占: occupy; take up; account for; gain

而: while; however, whereas, on the other hand ,actually, in fact 相比: by contract, on the contrary, likewise, compared with 最高点: the highest, the top, the summit, the peak, the most 最低点: bottom ,less, least , rock bottom 平均: mean, average

趋势: tendency, trend, inclination 预见: prediction 达到顶峰: mount to

由…组成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of 占44%比例: account for /make up 44 percent 位居第一：rank the first 仅次于is second to 居第二位：in second spot 倒数第一is the last one

第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section 与..相比：compared with

A与B成比例A be in proportion to B 差不多：About/around/roughly

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多达 as many as 正好：Exactly/precisely 水平：level off

二、 图画作文常用词汇： (1) 常见热点词汇：

1. 素质教育 ：Quality Education

2. 保护知识产权 protect the intellectual property 3. 保险业： the insurance industry

4. 保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款： non-performing loan

7. 层层转包和违法分包： multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社： credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

9. 城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷： export credit 12. 贷款质量： loan quality

13. 大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings 14. 更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life 15. 防洪工程： flood-prevention project

16. 非法外汇交易 ： illegal foreign exchange transaction

17. 才疏学浅 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge 18. 非银行金融机构： non-bank financial institutions 19. 退学 drop out of the school 20. 减轻负担 reduce the heavy burdens

21. 工程监理制度： the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦 ： excess reclamation

24. 合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策 ： pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费： basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系： sever labor relation

28. 金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for financial supervision

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29. 经济安全： economic security

30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求 ： the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长： fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库： grain depot

34. 粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise

35. 提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 36. 粮食销售市场： grain sales market 37. 劣质工程： shoddy engineering

38. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 39. 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 40. 融资渠道： financing channels

41. 商业信贷原则： the principles for commercial credit 42. 社会保险机构： social security institution 43. 失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits

44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes 45. 外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending 46. 安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents 47. 信息化： information-based; informatization

48. 智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49. 外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises 50. 下岗职工： laid-off workers

51. 分流： reposition of redundant personnel 52. 素质教育： education for all-round development 53. 豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 54. 社会治安情况： law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家： nation；state

56. XX的独立性： \"independence of XX\" 57. 台湾当局： Taiwan authorities

58. 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly

59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese

territory.

60. 西部大开发 ： Development of the West Regions 61. 可持续性发展： sustainable development

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62. 风险投资 ： risk investment 63. 通货紧缩 ： deflation

64. 扩大内需 ： to expand domestic demand

65. 计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction ( CAI ) 66. 网络空间： cyberspace 67. 虚拟现实： virtual reality 68. 网民 ： netizen ( net citizen ) 69. 电脑犯罪 ： computer crime 70. 电子商务： the e-business 71. 网上购物 ： shopping online 72. 应试教育： exam-oriented education 73. 学生减负 ： to reduce study load 74. “厄尔尼诺”：(EL Nino) 75. “拉尼娜”：(La Nina) 76. “智商”：(IQ) 77. “情商”：(EQ)

78. “第三产业”：(third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises)79.“第

四产业”：(quaternary/information industry)

79. “军嫂”：(military spouse)

80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”：summit conference 81. “克隆”：clone 82. “冰毒”：ice

83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach 84. “传销”：multi level marketing

86. “白皮书”：white paper(不是white cover book)

87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic(商标名， 焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机); 88. “白条”：IOU note(IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来) 89. “巡回招聘”：milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院， 向求

职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。

90. “减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff;

91. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones; 92. “市政府要办的X件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as

designated on the municipal government’s working agenda;

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93. “两个基本点”：two focal points，two of the major points of the line set by the 13th

Congress of the CPC

94. “投资热点”：a region attractive to investors，a much sought piece of hand， popular

investment spot

95. “移动电话”：本系cellular(有时简作cell)或mobile (tele)phone 96. “三角债”：chain debts或debt chains 97. “拳头产品”：knockout product

98. “投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打电话告诉一件欺诈事件) 99. “三通”的现译文three links：link of trade，travel and post 100. “外资”：overseas investments 101. “开放”：open to the outside world

102. “联防”：community/teampolicing(一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理) 103. “三陪服务”：escort services(陪伴服务)

104. “五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty

105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好) 106. “暴发户”：upstart，parvenu，noov(e)，nouveau riche(new rich)，jumped-up people(口

语)

107. “快餐”：snack(food)，quick meal，fast(food，meal)，takeaway，carryout， MRE(meals

ready to eat) “一次(性/用)”

108. 一次处理：single/primary treatment; 109. 一次污染：primary pollution; 110. 一次冻透：straight; freez-ing; 111. 一次空气：fresh/primary air; 112. 一次爆破：one-pull; 113. 一次付清： pay in full;

114. 一次消费：one-time-consumption; 115. 一次误差：first-order error; 116. 一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture; 117. 一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment; 118. 一次性杯子：sanitary cup; 119. 一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks; 120. 一次性收入：lump-sum payment; 121. 一次用包装：non-returnable container; 122. 一次用相机：single-use camera

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123. 西部开发：Develop Western Regions 124. 假日经济：Holiday Economy

125. 手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone 126. 传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗?：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use? 127. 电脑病毒：Computer Viruses 128. 网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes 129. 旅游热：Tourism Wave

130. 打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children 131. 反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle 132. 黑客：Hackers

133. 减负：Reduction of Students’ Study Load 134. 中国加入世贸组织：China’s Entry into the WTO 135. 沙尘暴：Sandstorms

136. 告别1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999 137. 千年虫：The Millennium Bug

138. 千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams 139. 拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium 140. 网上购物：Shopping on the Net

141. 参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books 142. 因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

143. 人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human

Genome Map

144. 高校合并：The Merging of Universities 145. 网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet

146. 何为新世纪的好老师?：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century? 147. 中国的外资：China’s foreign Investment 148. 中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China 149. 性教育：Sex Education

150. 明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet

151. 课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心?：A Teacher-centered Class or A

Student-centered Class?

152. 现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the

Existing Examination System

153. 中国的因特网：Internet in China

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154. 中国的电脑：Computers in China

155. 中国的大学英语教学：College English Teaching in China

156. 新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗?：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away? 157. 家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring 158. 教师，国家的未来：Teachers, a nation’s Future 159. 电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries

160. 教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or

Quality-oriented

161. 提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind 162. 计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction

163. 自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM 164. 展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century 165. 盗版问题：Problem of Piracy 166. 学会如何学习：Learn How to Learn 167. 假文凭：Fake Diplomas

168. 书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books

169. 人们为什么热衷于摸彩票?：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery? 170. 兼职工作：My View on a Part-time Job 171. 无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment 172. 留学海外：Studying Abroad

173. 发展经济还是保护环境?：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment? 174. 电子邮件：The Internet E-mail

175. 拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age 176. 努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge 177. 深化(中国的)改革：Deepen China’s Reform

178. 因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 179. 我们需要因特网吗?：Do We Need Internet? 180. 大学英语考试：College English Test

181. 大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗?：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6

Necessary?

182. 廿一世纪的青年人：The youth and the 21st Century

(2) 分类热点词汇：

1. 涉及文化教育的词汇：

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自学成才 to become educated through independent study 启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method 填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching 普及教育 universal education

义务教育 compulsory education; free education 学前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult education

职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会 State Education Commission 高等学校 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art

理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering 师范大学 normal university; teachers' university 师范学院 teachers' college 工业大学 poly-technical university 工业学院 engineering institute 农业大学 agricultural university 农学院 agricultural college 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college/school

中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重点学校 key school 业余学校 spare-time school

业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers

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电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university 函授学院 correspondence school

教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults

业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school

中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school 中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school 职业学校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 class for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修科 special (training) course 自学考试 self-taught examination 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff

中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal 大专院校校长 president; chancellor 教务长 dean of studies (系)主任 chairman; chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 professor

副教授 associate professor

客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor 讲师 lecturer 助教 assistant

专职教师 full-time teacher 兼职教师 part-time teacher

辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教学组 teaching group

教员休息室 staff room; common room 母校 Alma Mater

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校友 alumnus; alumna

学生会 students' union/association

高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 走读生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁听生 auditor

研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates 听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class; to attend a lecture 公开课 open class 课程 course; curriculum

必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 课程表 school timetable

课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after class 课外阅读 outside reading 课堂讨论 class discussion (大学的)研究小组;讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school/academic year 学期 (school)term; semester 学分 credit 分数 mark; grade

五分制 the 5-grade marking system 百分制 100-mark system

学习成绩 academic record; school record 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript

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毕业论文 thesis; dissertation 毕业实习 graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation ceremony

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal 授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb. 升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down 补考 make-up examination

升学to go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 奖学金 scholarship

(国家)助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 学费 tuition (fee) 伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助 food allowance 文凭 diplomas and certificates

考研热 the craze for graduate school study 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits

大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings 扩招 expand enrollment

被授予学位 be granted a an official certificate from 高分低能 good scores but low qualities

片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a

higher level

退学 drop out of the school

形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

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德才兼备 possess political integrity and professional ability 品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar 提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society 保护知识产权 protect the intellectual property

才疏学浅 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge

努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 减轻负担 reduce the heavy burdens

更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life

2. 涉及工作的词汇：

崇高职业 noble career 白领工作 white-collar workers 跳槽 job-hopping

试用期 probationary period

人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth

充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one’s potential and creativity 实干精神 steadfast and earnest in one’s work 工作出色 excel in one’s work 无忧无虑 be care-free

社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 生活补助 living subsidies 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents

推荐人才 recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流 brain drain

优化产业结构 optimize the structure 精简人员 cut off the overstaffed offices

提高综合素质 improve the comprehensive quality

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解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 砸掉大锅饭 shatter the convention of iron bowl 坚持改革 be persistent in the reform progress 造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem 下岗人员 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed

给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment 享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension

需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower

提高文化，智慧，品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality

3. 涉及环保的词汇

污染 pollution 污染物 Pollutants

农业废物 Agricultural wastes 商业噪音 Commercial noise 混合污染 Composite pollution 作物废物 Crop waste 火、火灾 Fire

危险物质 Hazardous substances 危险废物 Hazardous wastes 重金属 Heavy metals 医院废物 Hospital wastes 工业废水 Industrial effluents 工业排放物 Industrial emissions 工业烟尘 Industrial fumes 工业噪声 Industrial noise 无机污染物 Inorganic pollutants 铅污染 Lead contamination 液体废物 Liquid wastes 丢弃物，废气物 Litter 汞污染 Mercury contamination 微污染物 Micropollutants

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采矿废物 Mining wastes

机动车辆排放物 Motor vehicle emissions 城市废物 Municipal waste 氮氧化物 Nitrogen oxides 噪声污染 Noise pollution 恶臭公害 Odour nuisance 有机物污染 Organic pollutants

难降解有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 有机溶剂 Organic solvents

有机卤化物 Organohalogen compounds 医药废物 Pharmaceutical wastes 塑料废物 Plastic wastes

放射性物质 Radioactive substances 氡 Radon

橡胶废物 Rubber waste 污水 Sewage 固体废物 Solid wastes 热污染 Thermal pollution 有毒物质 Toxic substances 有毒废物 Toxic waste 痕量元素 Trace elements 痕量物质 Trace materials 交通噪音 Traffic noise 废物，垃圾 Trash 废热 Waste heat 木材废料 Wood waste 污染源 Pollution sources 生物武器 Biological weapons 水泥工业 Cement industry 化学武器 Chemical weapons 烟囱 Chimneys 冷却水 Cooling waters 机动车辆 Motor vehicles 摩托车 Motorcycles

文都总部考研高端辅导中心

核武器 Nuclear weapons 海洋倾倒 Ocean dumping 石油泄漏 Oil spills 废金属 Scrap metals 挖掘堆积 Excavation heaps 污染治理 Pollution abatement 隔音 Acoustic insulation

化学污染清除 Chemical decontamination 燃料脱硫 Desulphurization of fuels 过滤器 Filters

噪音治理 Noise abatement

污染治理设备 Pollution abatement equipment 污染控制技术 Pollution control technology 辐射防护 Radiation protection 洗涤器 Scrubbers 分离器 Separators 防烟 Smoke prevention 废物最少化 Waste minimization 废物 Wastes

电池处理 Battery disposal

废物的化学处理 Chemical treatment of waste 处置场所 Disposal sites 废物焚烧 Incineration of waste 矿山回填 Mine filling

残油回收 Oil residue recuperation

放射性废物管理 Radioactive waste management 回收的材料 Recycled materials 回收 Recycling

材料再利用 Reuse of materials 污水处置 Sewage disposal 废物处置 Waste disposal 废物回收 Waste recovery 废物利用 Waste use 核安全 Nuclear safety

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污染物的影响 Pollutant effects 污染风险 Pollution risk

与环境有关的疾病 Environmentally related diseases 工作环境 Working environment 人机工程学 Ergonomics 职业健康 Occupational health 职业安全 Occupational safety 营养与保健 Nutrition and health care 过敏素 Allergens

基本食物要求 Basic food requirements 食品 Food

食品添加剂 Food additives 食用色素 Food colourants 食品污染 Food contamination 保健 Health care 卫生设施 Health facilities 高蛋白食品 High protein foods 医院 Hospitals 营养不良 Malnutrition 医疗 Medical treatment 药用植物 Medicinal plants 营养 Nutrition

食品的营养价值 Nutritive value of food 毒物 Poisons 吸烟 Smoking 主食 Staple foods

传统保健 Traditional health care 灾难 DISASTERS

灾难现象 Catastrophic phenomena

生物体的意外释放 Accidental release of organisms 雪崩 Avalanches 旋风 Cyclones 地震 Earthquakes

环境事故 Environmental accidents

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流行病 Epidemics 洪水 Floods 飓风 Hurricanes 山崩 Landslides

人为灾难 Human-made disasters 核事故 Nuclear accidents

放射性污染 Radioactive contamination 释放 Release

地震海浪 Seismic sea waves 泄漏 Spillage 暴风雨 Storms 台风 Typhoons

应急减灾措施 Emergency relief measures 灾难清理作业 Disaster clean-up operations 防灾准备 Disaster preparedness 防灾 Disaster prevention 灾难救援 Disaster relief 流离失所人员 Displaced persons 紧急救援 Emergency relief 应急避难所 Emergency shelter

环境应急计划 Environmental contingency planning 防洪 Flood control

放射性污染清除 Radioactive decontamination 临时住房 Temporary housing 临时避难所 Temporary shelter 生境破坏 Habitat destruction 陆地活动 Land-based activities 自然改变 Physical alterations

4. 关于人口的词汇：

人口 Population 人口学家 demographer 人口理论 population theory 人口过剩 overpopulation

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人口不足under population 人口增殖 population reproduction 人口增长 population increase 人口减少population decrease 人口基数population base 人口分布 population distribution 人口密度population density 人口质量 population quality 人口年龄金字塔population pyramid 人口统计 population statistics 婚姻状况 marital status 已婚 ever-married 离婚divorced 生育能力 fecundity

出生率 birth rate, natality rate 出生人数 births 出生高峰birth peaks 死亡 mortality 死亡率 mortality rate

总死亡率 general mortality rate 婴儿死亡率 infant mortality rate

分性别年龄死亡率 *-age-specific death rate 分原因死亡率 cause-specific death rate 平均死亡年龄 mean age at death 平均寿命 average length of life 人口自然增长 natural growth

人口负增长NPG (negative population growth) 人口零点增长ZPG (zero population growth) 年增长率 annual growth rate

平均年增长率average annual rate of growth 生命指数 vital index 生命统计 vital statistics 年龄性别组成 age-* composition 年龄结构 age structure

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年龄组 age group 同年龄组的人 cohorts

平均预期寿命 expectation of life 人口老化aging of population 人口年轻化rejuvenation of population 性比率 * ratio

人口普查 population census 迁居 migration

迁出, 移居国外 emigration 迁入, 移居某国 immigration 移民migrant

国内迁移 internal migration 迁移率migration rate

5. 涉及工作的词汇：

崇高职业 noble career 白领工作 white-collar workers 跳槽 job-hopping

试用期 probationary period

人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth

充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one’s potential and creativity 实干精神 steadfast and earnest in one’s work 工作出色 excel in one’s work 无忧无虑 be care-free

社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 生活补助 living subsidies 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents

推荐人才 recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流 brain drain

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优化产业结构 optimize the structure 精简人员 cut off the overstaffed offices

提高综合素质 improve the comprehensive quality

解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 坚持改革 be persistent in the reform progress 造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem 下岗人员 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed

给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment 享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension

需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower

提高文化，智慧，品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality

6. 涉及医药健康的词汇：

杀虫剂 pesticide

卫生环境 sanitary environment 营养不良 malnourished 传染病 infectious disease 呼吸疾病 respiratory disease 建设卫生城市 hygienic city