英国文学选读重点

名词解释：

国文学选读

epic 史诗；叙事诗

a long narrative poem in the grand style the Heroic Couplet(英雄双韵体)

The rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步). iambic/iamb

one unstressed syllabus/one stressed syllabus pentameter

a line with five main beats a common pattern of beats in poetry, in which each line has five iambs. Renaissance

Means rebirth or revival. It’s a movement in Europe where humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman, Catholic Church. Humanism

Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Man is the measure of all things. Human beings were glorious. sonnet

A sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic

pentameter lines. metre

formal rhythm in lines of verse rhyme

two or more words with the same sound blank verse

any verses, especially iambic pentameters that do not rhyme ballad(民歌)

originally a song for dancers, then in mediaeval times a simple poem with short stanza a telling a story. Critical realism 批判现实主义

Is one of the literary trends that flourished mainly in the 19 century. The great critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. Stream of consciousness 意识流

Is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.

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［标黄的地方考出处，其余考问答］

1.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟

The Canterbury Tales Q: How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?

A: Early spring ; happy, easy, lively, humorous 2.William Shakespeare 威廉 莎士比亚

Hamlet Q: Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” “the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”? A: Perhaps there is sufferings in the dream.

Romeo and Juliet Q1: What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection? A: Sun.

Q2: What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? A: Hate.

Q3: What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, / And I am proof against their enmity”?

A: They can not hurt me. Only because you love me.

Sonnet 18 押韵方式：abab cdcd efef gg

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimed, And every fair from sometime declines,

By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed:

Q: How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? A: You are more lovely and more temperate than summer’s day.

3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯 培根

Of Marriage and Single Life Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men’s nurses, so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will.

Of Studies Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.

Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.

4. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特

Gulliver’s Travels Yahoos 野胡

5. William Blake 威廉 布莱克

The Lamb 组成方式：2 quatrains + couplet 押韵方式：aabbcc

Q1: Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb? What is the relation of the Lamb and the child to God? A: They combine together. It’s trinity. Q2: What does the Lamb stand for?

A: Symbol of Jesus, and symbol of innocence. The Tyger 押韵方式：aabb

Q: Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?

A: The Lamb is corresponding the Tiger. Sure. 6. Jane Austen 简 奥斯丁 Jane Austen对婚姻的看法：

1. Those who would marry for material wealth and social position. 2. Those who would marry just for beauty and passion.

3. Those who would marry for true love based on consideration of the person’s personal merit as well as his economical and social status. 7. George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登 拜伦

She Walks in Beauty Q1: What is the color of the lady’s dress? How do you know? A: Black. Of cloudless climes and starry skies.

Q2: What does “their dwelling place” refer to in the last line of the second stanza?

A: Heart and mind.

Q3: Where are the lady’s winning smiles? How do they appear to the poet? A: On the cheek and brow.

8. Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西 比希 雪莱

Ode to the West Wind 押韵方式：aba bcb cdc ded ee

Q1. In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver? A: Destroyed the old world and preserve a new life.

Q2. What is the relationship between the West Wind and the poet? A: The poet is admires the West Wind.

Q3: As “the trumpet of prophecy,” what does the West Wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?

A: Since the revolution is going on, a wonderful fine world will emerge. 9. John Keats 约翰 济慈

Ode on a Grecian Urn ‘Beauty is truth, truth beauty, －that is all 10. Charles Dickens 查尔斯 狄更斯

Themes in Dickens’ Writing: 1. The powerlessness of children. 2. Man’s humanity to man.

3. Good’s ability to triumph over evil. 4. Man’s inhumanity to man.

5. The outcast’s search for status and identity. 6.The heinous nature of crime and criminals. 11. Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗雷德 丁尼生

Break, Break, Break Q1. Why does the poet describe the stones as “cold” and “gray”? A: Unfeeling.

Q2. What effect do the joyful scenes in the second stanza bring to the whole poem?

A: Sharp contrast.

Q3. Whose is the “ voice that is still” ?

A: Best friend. Hallam. 12. Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 王尔德

着名观点： Art for Art’s sake 为艺术而艺术