《英语》（选择性必修·第四册）
Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
Grammar and usage
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. employ proper linking words to form different types of adverbial clauses;
2. use adverbial clauses to describe a person practicing honesty and responsibility.
II. Key competence focus
1. Choose proper linking words to form adverbial clauses. 2. Write a short passage including different adverbial clauses.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
1. Make sentences with adverbial clauses correctly.
2. Identify adverbial clauses guided by some special words, such as immediately, the moment, every time, providing, provided, supposing etc.
IV. Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead-in
T asks students to describe people practicing honesty and responsibility according to the following sentence patterns.
T: Do you know the core socialist values?
S: Yes. Prosperity, democracy, civility, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, the rule of law, patriotism, dedication, integrity, friendship.
T: Exactly. As we can see, integrity, which means honesty and responsibility, is at the core of our moral values. In fact, many people have set good examples to us. Does anyone practice honesty and responsibility in your life? Who is he/she? Why do you think so? Please describe one of them, using the following sentence patterns.
My father practices honesty and responsibility because he ______________.
My headteacher is a person practicing honesty and responsibility because______________. XXX is a person who practices honesty and responsibility because______________.
【设计意图：用社会主义核心价值观引出话题----诚信和责任，让学生用原因状语从句简单描述一个生活中的例子，为下一步的阅读和最后的写作做铺垫。】
Step 2 Exploring the rules
T asks students to read a news story and find the sentences with adverbial clauses.
T: Have you heard of Huang Danian? What is he? Yes, he is a Chinese scientist. He is also a person who practices honesty and responsibility. Now let’s read a news story about Huang Danian. Please find the sentences with adverbial clauses and fill in the table on Page 6. The first one has been done for you. Sample answers:
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Adverbial clause of condition Adverbial clause of time Adverbial clause of place Adverbial clause of reason Adverbial clause of purpose Adverbial clause of result Adverbial clause of concession He knew that if he came back, … When he had to go away on business, … … until he died in 2017 at the age of just 58. Huang excelled where he was working… Since he spent so much time on work, … … so that he did not miss any work in the daytime. In fact, he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. Although he spent many years in the UK, ... 【设计意图: 学生阅读一则关于中国科学家黄大年践行诚信与责任的感人故事，在语境中接触、识别、归纳各种类型的状语从句。】
Step 3 Working out the rules
1.Get students to observe the sentences above and draw the following conclusion:
Adverbial clauses can be introduced by: if, unless, as long as, etc. to express (1) conditions ; until, when, while, etc. to express time; where to express places; because, as, since, in that, etc. to
express (2) reasons ; so that, in order that, etc. to express (3) purposes ; so ... that, such ... that, etc. to express results; and although, though, even if, etc. to express concession. Practice: Fill in the blanks with proper linking words.
1) When we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture. 2) Stand where you are, and I will come to help you.
3) People’s Liberation Army will go wherever they are needed. 4) Since/Now(that) we are all here, let’s begin our work.
5) My mother turned off the TV so that I could better concentrate on my studies. 6) It was such a cold day that we stayed home.
7) If you had more money that you could use, how would you spend it? 8) Although/Though/While he is young, he knows a lot. 9) When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (to express ways)
10) Don’t take on more work than you can handle. (to express comparison)
2.Get students to rewrite some of the sentences above and learn some special rules about adverbial clauses.
1)When we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture.
=The moment we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture. =The minute we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture. = Every time we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture. =As soon as we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture. =Immediately we look at the flag, we think of the country’s history and culture.
T: Adverbial clauses can be introduced by some phrases（the moment、the minute、every time）or adverbs（immediately、directly） to express time. Here are more examples: a. 一听到消息，我就匆匆赶到了现场。
The moment I heard the news, I hurried to the spot. b. 走错教室的那一刻，我很尴尬。
The minute I entered the wrong classroom, I felt embarrassed.
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c. 那个女孩每次见到我都会笑着打招呼。
Every time the girl sees me, she greets me with a sweet smile. d. 汤姆一看到我就走了过来。
Tom came up immediately he saw me.
2) It was such a cold day that we stayed home. =It was so cold a day that we stayed home. =It was so cold that we stayed home.
T: Adverbial clauses can be introduced by such ... that、so ... that、 so that to express result. Here are more examples:
Fill in the blanks with such or so.
a. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. b. He is so good a teacher that we all respect him. c. The teacher is so good that we all respect him.
d. These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.
e. We had such terrible weather that we couldn’t finish the work on time. f. There is so little time left that we have to speed up.
g. They are such little children that they can’t understand it.
形容词+可数名词复数
such + 形容词+不可数名词 +that+从句 a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
形容词/副词
so + many/few+可数名词复数 +that+从句
much/little+不可数名词 形容词+a/an+可数名词单数
比较：
① He spoke at the top of his voice, so that those at the back of the hall heard him.
(to express result)
② He spoke at the top of his voice so that those at the back of the hall could hear him.
(to express purpose)
3) If you had more money that you could use, how would you spend it?
=Supposing you had more money that you could use, how would you spend it?
T: Sometimes adverbial clauses can be introduced by supposing (that)、providing/provided (that) to express condition. For example:
倘若不下雨，我们也许会去参加聚会。
We may go to the party provided that it does not rain.
4) Although/Though/While he is young, he knows a lot. = Young as he is, he knows a lot.
T: Adverbial clauses can be introduced by as to express concession, but it is often used in inverted sentences. Here are more examples:
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a. 这篇文章虽然短小，却很重要。
Short as it is, the article is very important. b. 尽管他很努力，可是进步不大。
Hard as he works, he makes little progress.
【设计意图: 先让学生观察语篇中的状语从句，总结其类型，再用填空题形式考查学生对连接词的选用，接着让学生改写其中的几个句子，了解某些类型的状语从句的不同表述方式，熟记某些特殊连接词的含义和用法，为最后写作任务打下基础。】
Step 4 Applying the rules
1. T asks students to finish B1 on Page 7 of the textbook. Keys:
1) Jake got up early so that he would have time to exercise before class. 2) Although she had not edited the photos, they still looked very good. 3) He went to work as if nothing had happened.
4) Her teacher liked her because she was so hard-working. 5) I get very upset when people do not tell me the truth. 6) If you are nice to other people, they will be nice to you.
2. T asks students to finish B2 on Page 7 of the textbook. Keys: 1) c 2) e 3) b 4) f 5) a
3.T asks students to use adverbial clauses to describe a person practicing honesty and responsibility.
T: From Part B2, we learn a news story about a social media influencer. Why did she close her online account in the end?
S: Because she didn’t want to cheat her fans. T: What kind of person do you think she is? S: Honest and responsible.
T: Yes. She is a person practicing honesty and responsibility. Now please write a passage to describe such a person, using adverbial clauses. The following sentence patterns are for your reference.
XXX is a good example of someone who practises honesty and responsibility. His classmates elect him as class monitor because__________. His colleagues show respect for him because________. Although he____________, he manages to____________. He will not ________ unless _________.
If his friends _____________, they often ________ because they know he will_________. He once said, “I’m just doing what I can so that________.”
A sample:
My friend Peter is a good example of someone who practises honesty and responsibility. Since he was quite young, Peter has been regarded as a “good” boy. His classmates elected him as class monitor because they know Peter is reliable. He devoted a lot of time to helping his classmates and the class teacher, earning him high praise. Although he is a very busy student, he manages to
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do other activities such as guitar lessons. His parents were concerned that guitar lessons would take up too much of his time, but Peter assured them he made such a strict schedule that he could handle it. It turns out that Peter has kept a good balance between his study and his hobby. Peter has many friends, who like him and trust him more than others. If his friends have a disagreement, they often approach him because they know he will speak the truth and give his honest opinion. He once said, “I’m just doing what I can and try to make smart choices in order that I can help my friends, teachers and family. Where I am needed, I will be there.”
【设计意图：这个步骤是语法知识在句子层面、语篇层面和新语境中的运用。语法教学的最终目的是为运用。层层深入的活动设计体现“学习理解－应用实践－迁移创新”英语学习活动观。】
V. Homework
Polish your passage after class and exchange your passage with other classmates.
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