英语二

英语试卷

考生需知1．选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。2．其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Whenwereadbooksweseemtoenteranewworld.Thisnewworldcanbesimilartotheonewearelivingin,oritcanbevery1.Somestoriesaretold2theyweretrue.Realpeoplewholiveina3worlddorealthings;inotherwords,thestoriesareaboutpeoplejustlikeusdoingwhatwedo.Otherstories,suchastheHarryPotterbooks,arenot4.Theyarecharactersandcreaturesthatareverydifferentfromusanddothingsthatwouldbe5forus.Butthereismoretobooksandwritingthanthis.Ifwethinkaboutit,evenrealisticwritingisonly6.Howcanwetellthedifferencebetweenwhatisrealandwhatisnotreal?Forexample,whenwereadaboutHarryPotter,we7seemtolearnsomethingabouttherealworld.AndwhenHarrystudiesmagicatHogwarts,healsolearnsmoreabouthisreallifethan8.Reading,likewriting,isanaction.Itisawayof9.Whenwereadorwritesomething,wedomuchmorethansimplelookatwordsonapage.Weuseour10--whichisreal--andourimagination--whichisrealinadifferentway--tomakethewordscometolifeinourminds.Bothrealismandfantasy11theimaginationandthe“magic”ofreadingandwritingtomakeusthink.Whenweread12realistic,wehavetoimaginethatthepeoplewearereadingaboutarejustlikeus,eventhoughwe13thatwearerealandtheyare14.Itsounds15,butitworks.Whenweread,wefillinmissinginformationand16aboutthecausesandeffectsofwhatacharacterdoes.Wehelpthewriterby17thatwhatwereadislikereallife.Inaway,wearewritingthebook,too.Mostofusprobablydon’tthinkaboutwhatisgoingoninour18whenwearereading.Wepickupabookandlose19inagoodstory,eagertofindoutwhatwillhappennext.Knowinghowwefeel20wereadcanhelpusbecomebetterreaders,anditwillhelpusdiscovermoreabouttherealmagicofbooks.1.[A]possible[B]easy[C]new[D]different2.[A]that[B]what[C]whether[D]asif3.[A]usual[B]normal[C]certain[D]common4.[A]realistic[B]reasonable[C]moral[D]instructive5.[A]difficult[B]impossible[C]important[D]necessary6.[A]thinkable[B]designed[C]imagined[D]planned7.[A]do[B]make[C]have[D]are8.[A]lessons[B]dreams[C]experience[D]magic2

9.[A]working10.[A]knowledge11.[A]make12.[A]anewspaper13.[A]find14.[A]too15.[A]dangerous16.[A]talk17.[A]telling18.[A]mind19.[A]heart20.[A]what[B]thinking[B]skill[B]get[B]something[B]learn[B]not[B]serious[B]learn[B]pretending[B]life[B]time[B]how[C]living[C]words[C]use[C]everything[C]know[C]all[C]strange[C]read[C]promising[C]world[C]money[C]when[D]understanding[D]grammar[D]have[D]astory[D]hope[D]so[D]terrible[D]think[D]guessing[D]society[D]ourselves[D]whySectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1TheattitudeofBritishbillpayerstosavingenergyremainsunchangedbytheroll-outofthegovernment’sflagshipenergyefficiencyschemedespitewidespreadconcernoverrisingbills,accordingtothegovernment’sownopinionpoll.Itfoundthat28%ofpeopleweregivingalotofthoughttosavingenergyintheirhome,thesameasinSeptember2012.Thepollfoundthat84%ofpeopleareconcernedaboutsteeprisesinenergypricesinthefutureandthatalmosthalfthepopulationisworriedaboutpayingtheirbills.Ministerspledgedthatthegreendealschemewouldimprovetheenergyefficiencyof14mhomesby2020,therebycuttingbills,butsinceitslaunchinJanuaryjust57dealshavebeencompleted.“Thesefiguresshowthegravityofthegovernment’sfailuretodevelopafunctioningenergyefficiencypolicy,”saidRegPlatt,seniorresearchfellowattheIPPRthink-tank.“Theflagshipgreendealpolicyhasdonenothingtoimprovepeople’sawarenessofthestepstheycantaketoinsulatethemselvesfromtherisingcostofenergy.Energyefficiencyprovidesmoreimmediateandlong-termbenefitsforenergyaffordabilitythananyothersolution.”ThepollwasconductedinSeptember,followingthepledgebytheLabourleader,EdMiliband,tofreezeenergybills.Ittookplacebeforetherecentroundofabove-inflationenergypricerises,althoughthebigsixenergycompaniesallhikeduptheirpriceslastwinter.Theprimeminister,DavidCameron,andenergysecretary,EdDavey,haveurgedcustomerstocutenergybillsbyswitching3

suppliersbutthenewlyreleasedgovernmentpollshowsthenumberofpeoplesayingtheywillormayswitchenergysupplierinthenext12monthsremainsunchangedatoneinthree.“Clearlythebestwayofrespondingtothebigsix’sgreedistominimizetheneedfortheirproduct,”saidAndrewWarren,directoroftheAssociationfortheConservationofEnergy.“Itisgenuinelyworryinghowunawaretoomanyhouseholdsareoftheenormousopportunitiesthatexisttosavemoneyontheirfuelbills,notbydoingwithout,butbyensuringtheirhomeisn’tburningenergyinefficiently.Itamazesmehowthisdimensionisbeingignoredduringthecurrentfuroreaboutpricehikes.”Muchofthepoliticaldebateaboutrisingenergybillshasfocusedonthegreenleviespaidbycustomers,withthegovernmentrepeatedlysignallingthattheEnergyCompaniesObligation(ECO)willbecut.TheECOschemesubsidisesenergyefficiencymeasuresforthoseinlivinginfuelpovertyand“hardtotreat”homes,suchasthosewithoutcavitywalls.21.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraphsland2?[A]Peoplehavedifferentattitudestosavingenergycomparedwith2012.[B]Thegreendealpolicyhaslaggedbehinditsschedule.[C]Theenergyefficiencyschemehasmadegreatachievement.[D]Worriesovertheenergybillshaveimpactedpeople'sattitude.22.RegPlatt’sattitudetowardsthegreendealpolicyisoneof[A]compliment[B]disappointment[C]indifference23.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingisTURE?[A]Theenergycompanieswillbepunishedfordrivingupprices.[B]Energysuppliersincreasedpricesfortwoconsecutiveyears.[C]Customersreluctanttochangeenergysuppliersmadeup1/3..[D]confidence[D]Mostconsumersthoughtswitchingsupplierscanreducethebills.24.AndrewWarrenindicatedthatthehouseholdscancutenergybillsby.[A]minimisingenergyuse[B]protestingagainstpricehikes[C]switchingenergysuppliers[D]improvingenergyefficiency25.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlydiscusses.[A]greentaxpaidbycustomers[B]measurestoincreaseenergyefficiency[C]thefateandfunctionofECO[D]risingenergypricesText2Peopleinthepersistentvegetativestatehaveseriousbraindamageasaresultofanaccidentorstroke.Thisoftenmeanstheyhavenohopeofregainingconsciousness.Yetbecausepartsoftheirbrainsthatrunactivitiessuchasbreathingareintact,theirvitalfunctionscanbesustainedindefinitely.When,ifever,towithdrawmedicalsupportfromsuchpeopledependsinpartonhowthefullyaliveviewthementalcapacitiesofthevegetative.KurtGrayconductedanexperimentdesignedtoascertainjusthowpeopleperceivethoseinapersistentvegetativestate.Theyfirstasked201peoplestoppedinpublictoreadoneofthreeshort4

stories.Inallthree,amancalledDavidwasinvolvedinacaraccidentandsufferedseriousinjuries.Inone,herecoveredfully.Inanother,hedied.Inthethird,hisentirebrainwasdestroyedexceptforonepartthatkepthimbreathing.Afterreadingoneofthesestories,eachparticipantwasaskedtorateDavid’smentalcapacities.Participantsusedaseven-pointscaletomaketheseratings,where3indicatedthattheystronglyagreedthathecoulddosuchthings,0indicatedthattheyneitheragreednordisagreed,and-3indicatedthattheystronglydisagreed.TheresultswerethatthefullyrecoveredDavidratedanaverageof1.77andthedeadDavid-0.29.ThatscoreforthedeadDavidwassurprisingenough,suggestingasifitdidaconsiderableamountofmentalacuityinthedead.Whatwasextraordinary,though,wastheresultforthevegetativeDavid:-1.73.IntheviewoftheaverageNewYorkerorNewEnglander,thevegetativeDavidwasmoredeadthantheversionwhowasdead.Theresearchers’firsthypothesistoexplainthiswasthatparticipantswereseeinglessmindinthevegetativebecausetheywerefocusingontheirinertbody.Toinvestigatethat,theyranafollow-upexperimentwhichhadtwodifferentdescriptionsofthedeadDavid.Onesaidhehadsimplypassedaway.Theotherdirectedtheparticipant’sattentiontothecorpse.Inthisfollow-upstudyparticipantswerealsoaskedtoratehowreligioustheywere.Onceagain,thevegetativeDavidwasseentohavelessmindthantheDavidwhohad“passedaway”regardlessofhowreligiousaparticipantsaidhewas.However,ratingsofthedeadDavid’smindwhosecorpsewasmentionedvariedwiththeparticipant’sreligiosity.Irreligiousparticipantsgavetheburiedcorpseaboutthesamementalratingsasthevegetativepatient(-1.51and-1.64respectively).Religiousparticipants,however,continuedtoascribelessmindtotheirretrievablyunconsciousDavidthantheydidtohisburiedcorpse.Thatthosewhobelieveinanafterlifeascribementalacuitytothedeadishardlysurprising.Thatthosewhodonotareinclinedtodosounlessheavilypromptednottoiscuriousindeed.26.AccordingtoParagraphl,peopleinthepersistentvegetativestate.[A]aresufferingfromseverementaldisorder[B]won’treturntothenormalstateanyway[C]canmaintainsomephysiologicalactivities[D]stillhavegreatmentalcapacitiesasthefullyalive27.WecanlearnfromParagraphs2and3thatparticipantsinKurtGray’sstudy[A]readthreestoriesandansweredquestions[B]believedvegetativeDavidhadtheleastmentalactivity[C]stronglydisagreedthatdeadDavidhadmentalactivity[D]believedvegetativeDavidshouldstopmedicalcare28.AccordingtoParagraph4,thefollow-upexperimentwasconductedto[A]testthehypothesisfortheresultofthefirstexperiment[B]confirmpeople’sattitudestowardsthevegetative[C]checkpeople’sknowledgeofscienceandreligion..5

[D]reexaminetheresultofthefirstexperiment29.WecanlearnfromParagraphs5and6that.[A]ratingsofthevegetativeDavidwerenotinfluencedbyparticipants’religiosity[B]thedeadDavidwasthoughttohavelessmindthanhisburiedcorpse[C]irreligiousparticipantsgavehighmarkstothevegetativeDavid’smentalabilities[D]people’sreligiondetermineswhethertheybelievethedeadhasmentalactivities30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?[A]TheToughestDecision[B]HowDeadIsDead?[C]HowtoRatetheVegetative?[D]ReligionandSympathyText3

TheOccupyWallStreetprotestmovementhasraisedseriousquestionsabouttheroleofcapitalistinstitutions,particularlycorporations,inoursociety.WellbeforethefirstprotestersetfootinZucottiPark,ahecklerurgedMittRomneytotaxcorporationsratherthanpeople.Romney’sresponse--“Corporationsarepeople”--stirredabriefbutintensecontroversy.Nowthousandsofdemonstratorshaveineffectjoinedtheheckler,denouncingcorporationsas“enemiesofthepeople”.Farmoreimportantthanquestionsaboutwhatcorporationsareisthequestionofwhatattitudeweshouldhavetowardthem.Shouldwe,ascorporatepublicrelationsstatementsoftensuggest,thinkofthemasfriends(ifwebuyandaresatisfiedwiththeirproducts)orasfamily(ifweworkforthem)?Doesitmakesensetobeloyaltoacorporationaseitheracustomerorasanemployee?Moregenerally,evengrantedthatcorporationsarenotfullypersonsinthewaythatindividualsare,dotheyhavesomeimportantmoralstandinginoursociety?Myanswertoallthesequestionsisno,becausecorporationshavenocorededicationtofundamentalhumanvalues.Suchcorporationsexistasinstrumentsofprofitfortheirshareholders.Infact,lefttothemselves,theycanbeseriousthreatstohumanvaluesthatconflictwiththegoalofcorporateprofit.Corporationsareaparticularthreattotruth,avalueessentialinademocracy,whichplacesapremiumontheinformeddecisionsofindividualcitizens.Thecorporatethreatismostapparentinadvertising,whichexplicitlyaimsatconvincingustopreferaproductregardlessofitsactualmerit.Theirdefininggoalistogenerateprofit.Therearecaseswhentellingthetruthisthebestmeanstoadvancecorporateprofits.In1982,whensevenpeopleinChicagodiedfrompoisonedTylenol,Johnson&Johnsonappealedtoitscredo,whichmakesconcernforitscustomersaprimarycorporategoal,andtoldtheentiretruthaboutwhathadhappened.Thishonestyturnedapotentialpublic-relationsdisasterintoatriumph.ButJohnson&Johnson’simpressivecorporatecredoendsbysaying,“Ourfinalresponsibilityistoourstockholders”and“Businessmustmakeasolidprofit.”Thecredoisunclearaboutwhathappenswhenthereisaconflictbetweenresponsibleactionandlong-termprofit.Noneofthismeansthatcorporationsareevilorthatsocialismshouldreplacethefree-enterprisesystem.AsMichelFoucaultsaidofallpowerstructures,it’snotthatcorporationsarebadbutthatthey6

aredangerous.Theself-servingcorporatespeechthatfillsourmediaandhallsofgovernmentisparticularlydangerousforourdemocracy.Atleastforthisreason,theOccupyWallStreetprotestersarerighttodistrustcorporations.31.MittRomneymostprobablybelievesthat.[A]individualsshouldpaymoretaxesthancorporations[B]corporationsshouldnotbeforcedtopaymoretaxes[C]peopleshouldcaremoreaboutcorporations'development[D]corporationsshouldenjoyallthelegalrightsaspeopledo32.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,itcanbeinferredthatcorporations[A]shouldbesetasmoralexamplesofthesociety[B]takeemployees'faithfulnessaspartoftheirgoals[C]contributelittletothemostessentialhumanvalues[D]areactuallyameansbywhichpeopleshareprofits33.Thephrase“placesapremiumon”(Linesl-2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans[A]exertsgreatinfluenceson[B]providesbasicinformationfor[C]givesdetailedanalysisof[D]attachesgreatimportanceto34.The1982eventiscitedinParagraph5toillustratethat.[A]corporationsalwaysmakeprofitsattheexpenseofpeople’shealth[B]customersshouldalwayskeepaneyeonthequalityofanyproduct[C]corporationstakeeconomicprofitastheirpriorityessentially[D]corporationprofitisalwaysincontradictionwithcustomerinterests35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]Corporations,PeopleandTruth[B]CorporationsAreDifferentfromPeople[C]CorporationsAreUntrustworthy[D]TheOccupyWallStreetProtest..Text4

With14millionpeopleunabletofindworkandjobprospectsseeminglybleak,whyaremoreemployeescallingitquits?Accordingtogovernmentdatareleasedlastweek,inthefirstninemonthsoftheyear,about17.3millionpeoplelefttheirjobsbychoice.InSeptemberalone,justover2milliontoldtheirbosstheyweretakingahike.Perhapssurprisingly,economistsgenerallybelievethatwhenmorepeoplebeginquittingtheirjobsthat’susuallyasignthatthejobmarketisimproving.“Wehavelotsofevidencethatshowsthathigherquitsisassociatedwithabetterlabormarket,”saysStevenDavis,aprofessorandlaboreconomistattheUniversityofChicago.Thereasonisthatpeopletendtoquitwhentheyareconfidenttheywillgetanotherjob.Butlikemuchelseduringthisrecovery,risingquitscouldbeindicating7

somethingdifferentthistimearound.HeatherBoushey,aneconomistattheCenterforAmericanProgress,cautionsreadingtoomuchintotheriseinthenumberofpeoplequittingthistimearound.Theproportionoftheworkforceoptingtotakeahikereacheditslowestlevelinadecadeinearly2010asfeartrumpedunhappinessonthejob.Recentstudieshaveshownthatworkerssatisfactionhasdroppeddramaticallyinthepasttwoyears.“Ifyouhavebeenworkingunderabossthatyouhatesince2007,fouryearscouldbeallyoucanhandle,”saysBoushey.“There’salotofpent-upfrustration.”Sothequestionisarepeoplequittingbecausetheyhaveanewjob,oraretheyatthepointwheretheyarejustwillingtotaketheirchances.Thedatapointstotheformer.AccordingtoareportoutfromtheLaborDepartment,thenumberofpeopleapplyingfornewunemploymentbenefitslastweekdroppedtoitslowestlevelinsevenmonths.What’smore,people’sopinionoftheirjobprospectsclearlyseemtobeimproving.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,44%ofrespondentswhoquitinthepastyeardidsobelievingtheywouldfindabetteropportunityelsewhere,upfrom31%theyearbefore.Ofcourse,noneofthisisprobablyenoughtocorrecttherealprobleminthelabormarket,whichisthe9%unemploymentrate.Wewillneednewjobsforthat.Butmovementintheworkforceisagoodthing.Itputspressureonemployerstoraisesalariessothattheycanretainworkers.Butthefactthatemployedpeoplearefindingiteasiertofindnewjobs,whilethetimeittakesanunemployedpersontofindworkisthehighestithasbeeninthepostWWIIperiod,isanothersignofjusthowbifurcatedthecurrentjobmarketis,andwhyahighunemploymentratemaypersist,evenaftertheeconomyimproves.36.Thephrase“takingahike”(Line4,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans[A]goingforatravel[B]resigningfromoffice[C]relaxingforsometime[D]takingmoreexercise37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someeconomistsbelievethat[A]peoplewhoquittheirjobswillfindbetterones[B]peopletendtoresignwhenjobmarketisprosperous[C]highquitratecontributestotheimprovementinjobmarket[D]economicrecoveryusuallyleadstohighquitrate38.HeatherBousheybelievesthereasonfortheincreasingnumberofquitsmaybe[A]theimprovementofthelabormarket[B]thedissatisfactionwiththepresentjobs[C]thepressurefromthecurrentpositions[D]thelackofsenseofachievement39.ThereportoutfromtheLaborDepartmentshowsthat[A]thejobmarketisimproving[B]peoplearewillingtotaketheirchances....8

[C]theunemploymentrateisdeclining[D]peopleareconfidentintheircareers40.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.[A]it’simpossibletosolvetheproblemofhighunemploymentrate[B]employershavetroubleinkeepingworkersfromresigning[C]it’sthehardesttimefortheunemployedtofindjobsnow[D]highquitrateisanimportantreasonforthehighunemploymentratePartB

Directions:ReadingthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Theconsequenceoflosingbones[B]Abetterlabthanonearth[C]Twodifferentcases[D]Multipleeffectsfromweightlessness[E]Howtoovercomeweightlessness[F]Factorsthatarenotsosure[G]ChallengestravelersfaceDuringweightlessness,theforceswithinthebodyundergodramaticchange.Becausethespineisnolongercompressed,peoplegrowtaller.Thelungs,heartandotherorganswithinthechesthavenoweight,andasaresult,theribcageandchestrelaxandexpand.Similarly,theweightsoftheliver,kidneys,stomachandbowelsdisappear.Oneastronautsaidafterhisflight:“Youfeelyourgutsfloatingup.Ifoundmyselftighteningmybelly,sortofpushingthingsback.”41.Meanwhilemusclesandbonescometobeusedindifferentways.Ourmusclesaredesignedtosupportuswhenstandorsituprightandtomovebodyparts.Butinspace,musclesusedforsupportonthegroundarenolongerneededforthatpurpose;moreover,themusclesusedformovementaroundacapsuledifferfromthoseusedforwalkingdownahall.Consequently,somemusclesrapidlyweaken.Thisdoesn’tpresentaproblemtospacetravelersaslongastheyperformonlylightwork.ButpreventingthelossofmuscletissuerequiredforheavyworkduringspacewalksandpreservingmuscleforsafereturntoEartharethesubjectofmanycurrentexperiments.Studieshaveshownthatastronautslosebonemassfromthelowerspine,hipsandupperlegatarateofabout1percentpermonthfortheentiredurationoftheirtimeinspace.Somesites,suchastheheel,losecalciumfasterthanothers.Studiesofanimalstakenintospacesuggestthatboneformationalsodeclines.42.9

Needlesstosay,thesedataareindeedcauseforconcern.Duringspaceflight,thelossofboneelevatescalciumlevelsinthebody,potentiallycausingkidneystonesandcalciumcrystalstoforminothertissues.Backontheground,thelossofbonecalciumstopswithinonemonth,butscientistsdonotyetknowwhetherthebonerecoverscompletely:toofewpeoplehaveflowninspaceforlongperiods.Somebonelossmaybepermanent,inwhichcaseex-astronautswillalwaysbemorepronetobrokenbones.43.ThesequestionsmirrorthoseinourunderstandingofhowthebodyworkshereonEarth.Forexample,elderlywomenarepronetoalossofbonemass.Scientistsunderstandthatmanydifferentfactorscanbeinvolvedinthisloss,buttheydonotyetknowhowthefactorsactandinteract;thismakesitdifficulttodevelopanappropriatetreatment.Soitiswithbonelossinspace,wheretherightprescriptionstillawaitsdiscovery.44.Manyotherbodysystemsareaffecteddirectlyandindirectly.Oneexampleisthelung.Scientistshavestudiedthelunginspaceandlearnedmuchtheycouldnothavelearnedinlaboratoriesonearth.Onthegroundthetopandbottompartsofthelunghavedifferentpatternsofairflowandbloodflow.Butarethesepatternstheresultonlyofgravity,oralsoofthenatureofthelungitself?Onlyrecentlyhavestudiesinspaceprovidedclearevidenceforthelatter.Evenintheabsenceofgravity,differentpartsofthelunghavedifferentlevelsofairflowandbloodflow.45.Noteverythingthataffectsthebodyduringspaceflightisrelatedsolelytoweightlessness.Alsoaffected,forexample,aretheimmunesystemandthemultiplesystemsresponsiblefortheamountandqualityofsleep(lightlevelsandworkschedulesdisruptthebody’snormalrhythms).Lookingoutthespacecraftwindowjustbeforegoingtosleep(anactiondifficulttoresist,consideringtheview)canletenoughbrightlightintotheeyetotriggerjustthewrongbrainresponse,leadingtopoorsleep.Astimegoeson,thesleepdebtaccumulates.Forlongspacevoyages,travelersmustalsofacebeingconfinedinatightvolume,unabletoescape,isolatedfromthenormallifeofEarth,livingwithasmall,fixedgroupofcompanionswhooftencomefromdifferentcultures.Thesechallengescanleadtoanxiety,depression,crewtensionandothersocialissues,whichaffectastronautsjustasmuchasweightlessness--perhapsevenmore.Becausethesefactorsoperateatthesametimethebodyisadaptingtootherenvironmentalchanges,itmaynotbeclearwhichphysiologicalchangesresultfromwhichfactors.Muchworkremainstobedone.SectionIIITranslation

46．Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(1510

points)Itseemscertainthatalmostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.SectionIVWriting

PartA47.Directions：YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception,2)welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedifferencesoftheincomesourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanstudents,2)analyzepossiblereasonsforthesedifferences,3)predicatefuturetendency.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)SourceofincomePercentageofTotalIncomeParents50%90%Part-timejob35%5%FellowshiporScholarship15%5%AmericanstudentsChinesestudents11