第六节 并列句和三大从句
考向分
语法填空考查的重点是定语从句和名词性从句；低频考点是并列句和状语从句。 热考点 短文改错重点考查并列连词and，but，or和定语从句的引导词。名词性从句及状语从句较少涉及。 新考向 2019全国Ⅰ考查了同位语从句和并列连词；2019全国Ⅱ及全国Ⅲ考查了定语从句和并列连词。 好好努力 梦想终会实现 析
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高中英语讲义
题型一 关于并列句和三大从句的语法填空
1．I work not because I have to， because I want to.(2019·全国Ⅱ) 答案 but
解析 考查并列连词。句意为：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前面not构成not...but...“不是……而是……”结构，故填but。
2．In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea， Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 答案 and
解析 考查并列连词。China，Japan，Korea与Vietnam是并列关系。
3．But the river wasn’t changed in a few days even a few months.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案 or
解析 考查并列连词。句意为：但是河流不是几天或者几个月就可以改变的。根据句意可知，设空处应该表示递进含义。or even 表示“甚至，乃至”，故填or。
1．判断依据
没有提示词，前后均为平行成分：两个主谓完整的句子，同词性单词，词组，非谓语或者同类从句。
2．并列连词的基本含义
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高中英语讲义
and表并列或顺承， but表转折， or表选择，so表因果， for表因为， while表对比且含义为“而”。 3．固定结构
①并列关系： both...and...两者都， not only...but (also)．..不但……而且……
②选择关系： either...or...或者……或者……，neither...nor...既不……也不……，not...but...不是……而是……
③祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
1．Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.(2019·全国Ⅱ) 答案 which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故用which。
2．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019·全国Ⅲ) 答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：它们被它们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人们)，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who或that。 3．On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.(2019·浙江) 答案 that/which
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高中英语讲义
解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词是cloth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。
4．The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与) in academic life，taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．(2019·北京) 答案 who
解析 考查限制性定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，代指人，故填who。
5．We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019·江苏) 答案 when
解析 考查限制性定语从句。句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
6．Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
(2019·天津)
答案 where
解析 考查限制性定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
7．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018·全国Ⅰ) 答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a study，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。
8．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soiltesting program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018·全国Ⅱ) 答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a soiltesting program且在从句中作主语，故用that或which。
9．Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
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高中英语讲义
they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018·浙江) 答案 who/that
解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词是westerners(西方人)，并在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导定语从句。
10．Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018·天津) 答案 whose
解析 句意为：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我与她的姐姐共住一室。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
11．Selfdriving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
(2018·江苏)
答案 where
解析 句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 12．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
答案 which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，表示“这一点，这件事”，故填关系代词which。
13．But Sarah， has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 答案 who
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。
1．判断依据 ①设空处无提示词。 ②设空处前的句子完整。
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高中英语讲义
③设空处后的句子不完整，而且对前面位置相近的名词或句子有修饰或者限定关系。 2．三步确定关系词
Step 1 逗号判断限制非限制
先行词后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词往往是代替整句话。 ①表示“这一点，这件事” ，用which 引导，绝对不能用that。 ②as 引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，常见结构有： as is wellknown 众所周知 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is reported正如报道的那样 Step 2 找到先行词，判断是人是物 ①先行词是人：that/who/whom/whose ②先行词是物：that/which/whose
③先行词是时间/地点/原因：when/where/why
Step 3 根据从句即设空处后面缺少的成分，确定最后答案 ①缺主语：that/which/who
②缺及物动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom ③缺介词的宾语：which/whom
④缺定语：whose(和先行词构成所属关系) ⑤缺时间/地点/原因状语：when/where/why 3．固定句型
①there was a time when...曾经有一段……的时光 ②days are gone when...……的时光一去不复返 ③the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
注意：stage/point/case/situation/scene/degree 等抽象意义的地点名词作先行词时，若从句成分完整则用where，若从句缺少主宾成分，则用that/which。
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高中英语讲义
1．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 答案 that
解析 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容，故填that。
2．What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.(2019·北京) 答案 where
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达“去哪所大学”，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
3．Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.(2019·江苏) 答案 that
解析 考查同位语从句。句意为：科学家已经获得更多证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。从句不缺成分，且解释说明了抽象名词evidence的内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
4．I’m not sure is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ) 答案 who/which
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从
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高中英语讲义
哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。
5．This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
(2018·北京)
答案 what
解析 句意为：这就是父亲教我的——总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。根据设空处前的is 可以判断，此处是一个表语从句。teach sb.sth.教给某人某事，引导词作teach的直接宾语。故填what。
6．The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津) 答案 whoever
解析 句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“任何人”，故用whoever引导宾语从句。 7．Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2017·北京)
答案 whoever
解析 考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。设空处表示“无论谁”，表泛指，故填whoever。
8．Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street，not knowing she was heading.
(2017·北京)
答案 where
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。故填where。
9．She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.
(2017·天津)
答案 whether/if
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。故填whether/if。
10．As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
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高中英语讲义
答案 how
解析 设空处引导宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。从句不缺主宾表成分，故设空处在从句中作状语。thick 为形容词，只能用how修饰，表示程度。故填how。
1．判断依据：名词性从句的位置特点
①主语从句往往位于句首，或者it作形式主语位于句首。 ②宾语从句位于及物动词或者介词之后。 ③表语从句位于系动词之后。
④同位语从句位于抽象意义的名词之后，如：fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等，说明抽象名词的内容。 2．分析从句缺少成分，判断常见引导词
①缺少主宾表，考虑用what/who/whom/which或者whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever。 ②缺少状语，考虑用where/wherever(地点)，when/whenever(时间)，how/however(方式)，why(原因)。 ③不缺少成分，缺少含义“是否”，考虑用whether/if，首选whether。 ④不缺少成分，不缺少含义，考虑用that。
3．用引导词含义代入到句子中理解，对解决名词性从句有奇效。 4．注意：
①what 是高频考点。除了在从句中充当主宾表成分以外，还充当定语。如：It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. ②that引导名词性从句，没有含义，不充当成分。但是只在引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或第二个宾语从句时绝对不可以省略。 5．重点句型 What...is that...
what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。
如：What is the most important is that every one should be present in time.
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高中英语讲义
1．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion he wants their support.
(2019·天津)
答案 unless
解析 考查条件状语从句。句意为：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。根据句意知空处引导从句，前面征求父母意见是条件，又有否定词never，故填unless。
2． we don’t stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
(2018·北京)
答案 If
解析 句意为：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。此处应用if引导条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件；又因为在句首，注意大写。故填If。
3．Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018·天津) 答案 so
解析 句意为：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故填so。
4． birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京) 答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：虽然鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。
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高中英语讲义
前后为让步关系，引导词位于句首注意大写。故填Although/Though/While。
5．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017·北京) 答案 until/till
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until/till)弄清楚。until/till直到……为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until/till。
6．Located the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏) 答案 where
解析 句意为：由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。located表示“坐落在，位于”，所以设空处引导状语从句修饰动词located，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“在‘一带一路’的交汇处”，故填where。
7．Over time， the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 答案 as/when
解析 考查连词。as/when当……时，随着……，在此处引导时间状语从句。故填as/when。
1．判断依据
状语从句是用来描述动作发生的状态，如时间、原因、地点、条件等。如果设空前后两个句子有一定的逻辑关系，就考虑选用状语从句引导词。 2．高频状语从句引导词
①时间状语从句：when/while/as/the moment/whenever/until/till/before/after/as soon as/immediately/once/since ②地点状语从句：where/wherever ③原因状语从句：as/because/since/now that ④条件状语从句：if/unless/as long as/in case ⑤目的状语从句：so that/in order that
好好努力 梦想终会实现
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高中英语讲义
⑥结果状语从句：so that/so...that.../such...that...
⑦让步状语从句：though/although/as/while/even if/whether...or.../whatever/whoever/however/ whenever/no matter＋疑问词
3．as表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，需要把表语前置到句首。作表语的名词前置时，有冠词的要去掉冠词。
如：Difficult as it may be＝Although/Though it may be difficult Silent student as he is ＝Although/Though he is a silent student
题型二 关于并列句和三大从句的短文改错
1．Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 答案 but→and
解析 考查连词。句意为：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
2．When I studied chemistry in high school，I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
答案 or→and
解析 考查连词。句意为：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定成为一名医生。 “重新考虑”与“决定成为一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
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高中英语讲义
3．At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return every two years，but he agreed.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
答案 but→and
解析 行文逻辑错误。“我告诉爸爸我打算每两年回家一次”与“他同意”之间是顺承关系，故将but改为and。
4．Everyone was silent，waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.(2018·全国Ⅲ) 答案 and→or
解析 行文逻辑错误。his与her之间为选择关系，而非并列关系，故将and改为or。 5．I have grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 答案 and→but
解析 行文逻辑错误。not only...but also...不仅……而且……，连接并列成分。故将and改为but。
1．分析句子结构，读懂句子上下文逻辑关系。 2．对and，but，or 要敏感。
3．并列连词不能和从属连词同时使用。如果出现although/though，就要删除后面的but。
1．One afternoon where I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground.
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
答案 where→when
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高中英语讲义
解析 考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间，在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
2．In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.(2019·全国Ⅲ) 答案 what→that/which
解析 考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
3．They also had a small pond which they raised fish.(2018·全国Ⅰ) 答案 which→where或在which前面加in
解析 句法错误。pond是表示地点的名词，后面的定语从句主、谓、宾成分齐全，故用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句；表达“在池塘里”用介词in。
4．In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017·全国Ⅱ) 答案 that→which
解析 句法错误。此处是非限制性定语从句，应用which而不能用that引导。
在定语从句中，应根据从句的先行词和关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。
1．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
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高中英语讲义
答案 that→where
解析 考查宾语从句。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，且引导词在宾语从句中作地点状语。故用where引导。
2．After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
答案 where→that或者删除where
解析 found后面是宾语从句。从句中不缺少成分，也不缺少含义，所以把where可改成that；又因为that引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略，所以此处还可以删除where。
在名词性从句中，应根据从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定连接词。若从句中缺少主语、表语和宾语，就用连接代词；若作状语，就用连接副词；若不缺少成分，就要考虑句子意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if，如果不缺少成分且意思完整，则用that。
1．The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
答案 where→when
解析 句法错误。I was a child表示的是“时间”而非“地点”，故应用when引导时间状语从句。
2．I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.(2017·全国Ⅰ) 答案 删除much
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解析 句法错误。这句话中含有so...that...(如此……以至于……)结构，故much在此处是多余的。
通过语境判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。
增分训练
增分单句训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．And next time our paths cross，we greet smile，which is enough to brighten the day.
(2019·广东佛山顺德区质检)
答案 and
解析 考查连词。句意为：下次当我们再次相遇时，我们互相问候，面带微笑，这足以让我们开心一整天。“问候”与“微笑”为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
2．There are no known cases this security has been violated and dozens of Brunel students are already using the technology.(2019·河南六市联考) 答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：目前还没有这种安全被侵犯的已知案例，布鲁内尔学院的许多学生已经在使用这种技术。句中先行词为cases，为抽象意义的地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
3．Shorter hours of sunlight and cooler temperatures also relate to higher rates of depression， is linked to an increase in drinking.(2019·湖北名校联盟信息卷) 答案 which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：日照时间越短、气温越低，抑郁症的发病率也越高，而这与饮酒增多有关。前面是整个句子作先行词，后面用which引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为which。 4．After an 8year struggle，the success of the Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge (HZMB) achieves several generations have been dreaming of.(2019·山东青岛二模) 答案 what
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解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：经过8年的奋斗，港珠澳大桥的成功实现了几代人的梦想。此处动词achieves后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句的谓语动词dreaming of缺少宾语，所填连接词要起双重作用，故答案为what。
5．You should set a goal and see you can achieve it in the coming exam.
(2019·天津部分区调研)
答案 whether/if
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：你应该设定一个目标，看看你是否能在即将来临的考试中实现它。根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填whether/if。
6．And there are times I am certain the right words do not even exist.(2019·河北衡水调研) 答案 when
解析 句意为：有时我确信正确的词语甚至不存在。此处times作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。 Ⅱ.易错练习
1． matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has，but how close it is to people’s daily life.(2019·湖北鄂南高中等八校联考) 答案 What
解析 考查主语从句。句意为：对于一个博物馆而言，重要的不是有多少游客，而是它有多贴近人们的生活。空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，并在句首，需要大写，故填What。 2．What makes our school famous is more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.(2019·天津市十二重点中学联考) 答案 that
解析 考查表语从句。句意为：让我们学校出名的是百分之九十多的学生都被大学录取了。分析句式可知，设空处位于系动词之后，引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，意思完整，因此要用that。
3． caught in the rain unexpectedly，we still enjoyed the journey very much.
(2019·天津市部分区二模)
答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：尽管意外地被雨淋了，我们仍然非常享受这次旅行。根据“we
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高中英语讲义
still enjoyed the journey very much”可知此处表示“尽管”，又因在句首，需要大写，故填Although/Though/While。
4．Yelang was an ancient political centre first described in the 3rd century BC，and it was centered in is now western Guizhou Province，China.(2019·广东揭阳二模) 答案 what
解析 考查宾语从句。介词in后面是宾语从句，宾语从句缺少主语，故填what。
5．As a result，people will never worry about the consequence they may get fake notes.
(2019·江西省重点中学协作体联考)
答案 that
解析 考查同位语从句。句意为：因此，人们永远不会担心他们可能会收到假钞。本句中they may get fake notes是consequence的同位语，而且从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。 Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．He knelt down on the ground but helped the old homeless man put his shoes on.
(2019·广东茂名五校联盟)
答案 but→and
解析 考查并列连词。句意为：他跪在地上，帮那个无家可归的老人穿上鞋子。此处是递进关系，故把but改成and。
2．It is really interesting watching their movements，because I never feel dull spending my time with them.(2019·新疆乌鲁木齐质检) 答案 because→so
解析 考查并列连词。句意为：观察他们的动作真的很有趣，所以花时间和他们在一起我从不觉得无聊。前后表示因果关系，故把because改成so。
3．Besides，English Channels should be opened，from that foreign visitors can get more information about our culture. (2019·安徽宣城二模) 答案 that→which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。当先行词是物，介词from只接关系代词which。句意为：此外，应该开通英语频道，外国游客可以从中获得更多关于我们文化的信息。故将that改为which。 4．The moment she saw the special gift，she hugged me affectionately，tears rolling in her eyes，what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
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答案 what→which
解析 句意为：她一看到这份特别的礼物，就深情地拥抱着我，热泪盈眶，这也让我的父母由衷地高兴。此处为定语从句，而what不能用来引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，应用which代替前面的整个句子，作非限制性定语从句的主语。故将what改为which。
5．My mother was driving me to school while we saw a cyclist fall off his bike onto the side of the road ahead. 答案 while→when
解析 句意为：我妈妈正开车送我去学校时，突然我们看见一个骑自行车的人从自行车上摔下来，摔在了前面的路边。be doing...when...正在做……这时突然……。所以将while改成when。
增分写作训练 ——从句在写作中的应用
1．I have ever served as a volunteer in our school’s 70th anniversary celebration，so I am qualified for the position.(非限制性定语从句)(2019·全国Ⅰ)
I have ever served as a volunteer in our school’s 70th anniversary celebration，which makes me qualified for the position.
2．As is widely accepted，being punctual is vital on such an important occasion.(2019·全国Ⅱ) ①It is widely accepted that being punctual is vital on such an important occasion. (it作形式主语的主语从句)
②What is widely accepted is that being punctual is vital on such an important occasion.(what 引导的主语从句＋表语从句)
3．We will celebrate the annual Music Festival，and we will hold a variety of activities to mark this great moment.(where 引导的定语从句＋被动语态)(2019·全国Ⅲ)
We will celebrate the annual Music Festival，where a variety of activities will be held to mark this great moment.
强化练(八)
Ⅰ.语法填空
A
(2019·福建福州适应性练习)
Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) are now being widely used as emojis by young
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高中英语讲义
WeChat users，thanks to a person who made them 1. (close) to people’s life than before.
“The ancient characters are not as distant 2. they are supposed to be，” said the 3._________(create)，Chen Nan.“In fact，they could totally serve our needs for online expression.” The 46yearold professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions 4. emojis.For example，the character for “zui”，5. means “drunk” in English，was created 6. (look) like a stumbling figure.And he has also combined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures.
Chen 7. (work) on the road of innovation 19 years ago.In 2016，the ancient typeface 8. (include) into the font library(字库) under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into people’s life.Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters,9. Chen’s research on the project still continues，as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters.In 10. future，he will apply the ancient characters to education and development of games and apps.
语篇解读 文章讲述了有着悠久历史的甲骨文作为表情包正在被年轻的微信用户们广泛使用。 1．答案 closer
解析 考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than before可知，空处应用形容词比较级，故填closer。 2．答案 as
解析 考查连词。这里as表示“像……一样”。此处表示“甲骨文并不像被认为的那样遥远”，故填as。 3．答案 creator
解析 考查名词。这里指产品的创作者，应用名词形式，故填creator。 4．答案 into
解析 考查介词。这位46岁的清华大学美术教授一直致力于将甲骨文转化为表情符号。make sth.into sth.把……变成……，为固定短语。 5．答案 which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导定语从句，指代先行词“the character for ‘zui’”，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 6．答案 to look
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to look。 7．答案 worked
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高中英语讲义
解析 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语19 years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填worked。 8．答案 was included
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语In 2016可知空处应用一般过去时；再根据the ancient typeface与include之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was included。 9．答案 but/yet
解析 考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后内容之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。 10．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。in the future意为“在将来”，为固定短语，故填定冠词the。
B
(2019·四川绵阳诊断)
For Nigel Portman，a love of travelling began with what’s called a “gap year”．In common with many other British teenagers，he chose 11. (take) a year out before settling down to his study for a degree.After doing various 12. (job) to raise some money，he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures，visiting America and Asia.The more adventurous the young persons，the 13. (great) the challenge they are likely to set 14. (them) for the gap year，and for some，like Nigel，it can result in a thirst for adventure.
Now that his university course 15. (come)to an end，Nigel is just about to leave on a threeyear trip that will take him right around the world.What’s more，he plans to travel 16. (use) means of transport powered only by natural energy.In other words，he’ll be relying 17. (main) on bicycles and his own legs；and when there’s an ocean to cross，he won’t be taking a shortcut 18. flying aboard—he’ll be joining the crew of a sailing ship，instead.
As well as doing some mountain climbing along 19. way，Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message 20. lies behind the whole idea.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了一个大学生利用“间隔年”去旅行，以实际行动倡议环保的故事。 11．答案 to take
解析 考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.为固定用法，意为“选择做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。 12．答案 jobs
解析 考查名词复数。job是可数名词，且根据其前的定语various可知，此处应用复数形式，表示“各种工作”。
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高中英语讲义
13．答案 greater
解析 考查形容词比较级。根据固定句型the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..“越……越……”可知，此处用形容词比较级。 14．答案 themselves
解析 考查代词。喜欢冒险的年轻人很可能给他们自己设置更大的间隔年挑战。此处与they呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。 15．答案 has come
解析 考查动词时态。now that是连词，引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”，由此可知事情已经发生，应用完成时，且与语境中的is呼应，故用现在完成时。 16．答案 using
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词use和主语he是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。 17．答案 mainly
解析 考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语，故用副词mainly修饰谓语动词relying。 18．答案 by/through
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“以……方式/方法”，与上文中的means of transport呼应，故用介词by/through。 19．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。along the way为固定搭配，意为“沿途，一路上”，符合语境，故用定冠词the。
20．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。此处用that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the environmental message。 Ⅱ.短文改错
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高中英语讲义
21
(2019·江西五校联考) Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.Apart from the convenient public transportation，our private car will make your visit easy.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble communicate with them.Above all，they hosted the American student last year，through that they gained lots of experience.In addition to，the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
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高中英语讲义
Li Hua
答案 Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have ∧
arranged for you to stay with.
Locatingwas
in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house big enough to enable you to
Locatedishave a room of your own.Apart from the convenient public transportation，make your visit easy.Because all the family members can speak outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble they hosted
our
private car will their
fluently
English and have fluent
communicate
with them.Above all，
communicating
thethat American student last year，through they gained lots of experience.In anwhich
hostess
cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious
hostess’s
addition to，the Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours， Li Hua
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2019·晋冀鲁豫中原名校联考)
Dutch designer Daan Roosegaarde has spent much of his time seeking artistic solutions to solve our environmental problems.His past projects include “Bioluminescent(生物发光) Trees” to light streets，a “SmogFree Tower” to clean Beijing’s polluted air，and “Gates of Light”，which uses the headlamps of passing cars to light up the 60 floodgates of the Afsluitdijk，a major dam in the Netherlands.Now，he is hoping to use his skills to solve a pressing global problem—space junk!
Scientists guess that there are over 500,000 bits of large rubbish.To deal with the problem，Roosegaarde intends to achieve his goal by educating the public about the need of the situation and coming up with possible solutions.The plan，called the Space Waste Lab，started in October 2018 with a laser(激光) show in the Netherlands.The unique outdoor artwork of LEDs used realtime tracking information to point at pieces of space junk floating at altitudes of 200 to 20,000 kilometers.The experience was designed to make the public know more about how much space
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高中英语讲义
junk there are.
To find a solution，the designer has been thinking with experts.One of the projects being considered is “Shooting Stars”，which attempts to reintroduce the trash to the atmosphere in a controlled way.Upon reentry，the waste would burn in the atmosphere like a shooting star.Roosegaarde envisages that if successful，burning space trash could some day replace fireworks at large public events!
In September 2018，the RemoveDEBRIS satellite successfully sent a net to catch a target while orbiting at an altitude of about 300 kilometers(190 miles)．Sometime this year，the capsule will set free a harpoon that has been designed to remove space trash.At the end of its task，RemoveDEBRIS will let go a sail to bring the satellite itself，and hopefully some trash，back into the atmosphere where it will burn up.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位荷兰设计师试图通过艺术的形式有创意地解决太空垃圾问题。 22．What can we infer about Daan Roosegaarde? A．He is too aggressive to put forward good plans. B．He is creative in solving environmental problems. C．He is fond of spending all of his time seeking art skills. D．He is sensitive to art reflected in environmental projects. 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“His past projects include‘Bioluminescent(生物发光) Trees’ to light streets，a ‘Smog Free Tower’ to clean Beijing’s polluted air，and ‘Gates of Light’，which uses the headlamps of passing cars to light up the 60 floodgates of the Afsluitdijk，a major dam in the Netherlands.”可知，他过去的项目包括点亮街道的生物发光树、净化北京污染空气的雾霾净化塔以及荷兰一座大坝的防洪闸，由此可知，丹·罗斯加德在解决环境问题上很有创造力，故B项正确。
23．Why was a laser show held in October 2018? A．To confirm realtime information about space trash. B．To show the great beauty of LEDs to common people. C．To raise public awareness of the amount of space trash. D．To inspire people to consider the solution to space trash. 答案 C
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高中英语讲义
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The unique outdoor artwork of LEDs used realtime tracking information to point at pieces of space junk floating at altitudes of 200 to 20,000 kilometers.The experience was designed to make the public know more about how much space junk there are.”可知，举办这个激光表演的目的是提高公众对太空垃圾数量的认识，故C项正确。
24．What does the underlined word “envisage” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Suspect. C．Advise. 答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“...if successful，burning space trash could some day replace fireworks at large public events！”可知，丹·罗斯加德设想，如果成功的话，焚烧太空垃圾有一天会取代大型活动中的烟火，由此可知画线词意为“设想，想象”，故D项正确。 25．What is the function of a sail?
A．Bringing the satellite to the atmosphere to burn. B．Keeping trash traveling along its own orbit. C．Taking the satellite away from the atmosphere. D．Removing space trash out of the capsule. 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“At the end of its task，RemoveDEBRIS will let go a sail to bring the satellite itself，and hopefully some trash，back into the atmosphere where it will burn up.”可知，帆的作用是在任务结束时将卫星带入到大气层中自动焚毁，故A项正确。
Ⅳ.完形填空
(2019·湖南长郡中学检测)
One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.In our 26 ，we can see what has not yet happened.For example，while we are looking forward to 27 a new place or country，we 28 what it will be like.We predict the 29 people will eat，dress and act.Of course，we do not always predict things 30 .Things are often very different from the way we 31 them to be.
One of the 32 dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist，Kekule，who had
B．Demand. D．Imagine.
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高中英语讲义
been 33 to work out a very difficult problem in physics.He had 34 and analyzed the problem from every angle for days，but there 35 to be no way of 36 out the answer.Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.When he 37 up，he realized that he knew the answer.He had solved the problem in his 38 .
It is said that in order to figure out the process，the hypnotist(催眠师) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke 39 ：“I want you to concentrate on my voice.Think about 40 .You know nothing but my voice.And as you pay attention to my voice，your 41 will get heavier.Soon you’ll be asleep.You will hear my voice and 42 my words，but your body will be asleep，your eyes are too heavy.You are 43 asleep，and when you wake up，you will 44 nothing.You will forget everything.Now I am going to 45 slowly from one to five.One，two，three，four，five...”
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过德国科学家凯库勒的故事，说明了人类大脑的神奇能力。 26．A.brains C．minds 答案 C
解析 根据前一句“One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.”可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力。据此可知，空处指“思维”，故C项正确。 27．A.visiting C．reaching 答案 A
解析 根据该句中的“a new place or country”可以判断，当我们期望去参观(visit)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那里会是什么样子。 28．A.imagine C．feel 答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。 29．A.custom C．style 答案 D
好好努力 梦想终会实现
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B．senses D．sights
B．seeking D．discovering
B．know D．guess
B．habit D．way
高中英语讲义
解析 根据该段最后一句中的“the way”，并结合该句“We predict the people will eat，dress and act.”可知，我们总会预测(这个地方的)人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。way方式，符合语境，故D项正确。custom风俗；habit习惯；style风格。 30．A.quickly C．correctly 答案 C
解析 根据空处后一句“Things are often very different from the way we them to be.”可知，事物常常不同于我们预料的那样。据此可以判断，我们并不总是能正确地(correctly)预测事物。 31．A.required C．left 答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。expect预料，期待。 32．A.funny C．famous 答案 C
解析 根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist，Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的梦之一，德国科学家凯库勒的梦。故C项正确。 33．A.managing C．thinking 答案 B
解析 根据该句中的“Kekule，who had been to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，他一直在努力解一道物理难题。try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，强调结果，与语境不符。 34．A.studied C．discussed 答案 A
解析 根据该句中的“He had and analyzed the problem from every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(study)和分析了这个难题。
B．learned D．searched B．trying D．hoping B．dull D．silly B．wished D．expected B．simply D．neatly
好好努力 梦想终会实现 28
高中英语讲义
35．A.used C．seemed 答案 C
B．ought D．had
解析 根据该句中的“but there to be no way of out the answer”可知，似乎没有办法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，好像”，符合语境，故C项正确。 36．A.bringing C．turning 答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。bring out使表现出；find out弄清，查明；turn out结果是，证明是；let out突然发出。 37．A.gave C．woke 答案 C
解析 根据前一句“Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.”可知，空处表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。wake up为固定短语，意为“醒来”，故C项正确。 38．A.dream C．research 答案 A
解析 根据上文“...he went to bed and dreamed.When he up，he realized that he knew the answer.”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。 39．A.softly C．slowly 答案 A
解析 根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对凯库勒进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。
40．A.everything C．nothing 答案 C
解析 根据前一句“I want you to concentrate on my voice.”及下文“You know nothing but my voice.”可知，空处应指“什么都不要想”。C项符合语境，故C项正确。
B．something D．anything B．loudly D．firmly B．lesson D．exercise B．sat D．got B．finding D．letting
好好努力 梦想终会实现 29
高中英语讲义
41．A.eyes C．head 答案 A
B．feet D．body
解析 根据常识及下文中的“Soon you’ll be asleep.”可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重，很快就会睡着，故选A项。下文中的“your eyes are too heavy”亦是提示。 42．A.believe C．take 答案 D
解析 根据该句中的“You will hear my voice and my words”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand理解，明白，符合语境。 43．A.really C．actually 答案 D
解析 根据前一句可知，此处指你几乎(almost)要睡着了。 44．A.accept C．hear 答案 B
解析 根据下文“You will forget everything.”可知，空处指你将什么都不记得。故B项正确。 45．A.count C．add 答案 A
解析 根据该句中的“Now I am going to slowly from one to five.One，two，three，four，five...”可知，此处表示数数。count(按顺序)数数，符合语境，故A项正确。
B．say D．speak B．remember D．receive B．extremely D．almost B．repeat D．understand
好好努力 梦想终会实现 30
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