英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或具体的事物,它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的确实是在数量上能够计数,能够数出数量的事物;所谓不可数名词是指不能以数量来计算,不能够分成个体的概念、状态、品质、情感或表示物质材料的东西。
可数名词在他之前能够加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不能够直接家冠词的。可数名词变成复数形式有如下转变规律: a.一样情形下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。 e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况
1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios
f. 不规那么名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people。 除此之外,还有一部份名词单复数同形,如:
fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works(工厂),means手腕,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中国人,news 新闻,goods 商品
有一些名词那么只有复数形式:
trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子
“某国人”的复数有三种类型:
(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s;
(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变成men;
(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian扫尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians等。
可依照那个口诀经历:中日不变,英法变,其他”s”加后面。
不可数名词一样没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,假设要表示它的个体意义时,一样需要将其量化。
不可数名词如何量化:确实是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”,比如:
a piece of bread( paper(纸), cloth(布), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), , meat(肉) )
an item of information 一那么情报 a slip of paper 一张纸条
a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块香皂
a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 等。
当量词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,量词需要用复数形式,
如two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸 等;
同时,可数名词也有相应用法,如:a box of apples 一箱苹果 six boxes of apples 六箱苹果 等。
最多见的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture(家具), hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage(行李), money, news, progress, traffic
其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, world等。
上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并非是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义,名词也不例外,同是一个词在一种情形下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词,
如:可数名词: a tin 一只罐头 a relation 亲属 an iron 一把熨斗 a democracy民主国家 a glass 一只玻璃杯 a beauty美人,美的东西 A wood 一片树林 a power
不可数名词: tin 锡 relation 关系 Iron 铁 democracy民主 glass 玻璃 beauty 美 Wood 木头 power威力,电力。
第一节 可数名词 一、 可数名词的分类
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部份。其中,可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称,他们通常有单数和复数的形式。 单数通经常使用a,an或是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如:a desk, an apple, one boy. 二、 可数名词的转变规那么
1、 直接在单词的后面加-s.
photo---photos book---books egg---eggs student---students pen---pens village---villages building---buildings cloud---clouds flower---flowers hand---hands map---maps girl---girls
2、 若是单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾,通常要在单词后面加-es.
bus---buses class---classes box---box dress---dresses peach---peaches watch---watches fish---fishes
3、 以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变成i,再加-es.若是y的前面是元音字母,那么直接加上-s.
family---families story---stories baby---babies day---days toy---toys boy---boys 4、 以f,fe结尾的单词,要把f,fe变成v,再加-es.
knife---knives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves
5、 以o结尾的单词一样加-s组成复数,可是potato, tomato,hero等词要加-es组成复数。
radio---radios photo---photos piano---pianos zoo---zoos studio---studios potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes 6、 一些特殊的不规那么名词的复数。
goose---geese foot---feet tooth---teeth woman---women man---men sheep---sheep fish---fish deer---deer people---people child---children ox---oxen mouse---mice 7、 be和指示代词的复数。
is---are am---are this---these that---those it---they
8、 有些名词是通常以复数形式显现的,如:shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。
综合练习 一、
选择a/an填空。
1. elephant 2. tree 3. hamburger 4. ice-cream 5. computer 6. orange 7. melon 8. hen 9. eraser 10. old man 11. English teacher 12. red apple
二、把以下单词改成复数形式。
1. class
三、写出以下各词的单数形式。
四、把以下句子变成复数形式。
一、What is this? 二、This is a bus. 3、What is that? 4、What is it? 五、That is a tomato. 六、He is a policeman. 7、She is a woman. 八、It is a wolf. 九、There is a sheep near the mountain.
10、She has a good teacher. 五、选词填空。
例:This is a lady.(lady,ladies)
1. There are some (dish,dishes)on the table.
2. Uncle Li has many (duck,ducks)and a big (dog, dogs)on his farm. 3. Ihavesome English and American .(stamp,stamps)
is not (an orange, oranges). It’s (an apple, apples). like (cake, cakes)and (hot dogs, hot dog).
is (an air-conditioner, air-conditioners)and two (window, windows)in my room. 7. (Artist, An artist)loves painting. 8. (Fishes, Fish)is my favourite food.
9. (Potatoes, Potato)are my favourite fruit. 10. (Rabbits, Rabbit)like (carrot, carrots).
11. (Children, Chilrens)have a good time on Children’s Day. little kid has only one (tooth,teeth).
不可数名词
一、 不可数名词的概念 1.
一样来讲,不可数名词主若是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式,也不能与a ,an 连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时,不可数名词必需与相应的量词连用。若是时表示复数的数量关系时,那么把量词转变,不可数名词不变。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有:some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。 例如:a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时刻 2.
some 与 any 词语辨析
some与any都表示“一些”,但它们的用法不同。some用在确信句中。而any用在否定句与一样疑问句中。同窗们要专门注意的是:some还能够用在客气请求的一样疑问句中。 例子:I have some beautiful stamps.(确信句) I don’t have any beautiful stamps.(否定句) Do you have any beautiful stamps?(一样疑问句) A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.(客气请求的一样疑问句) 3.
many ,a lot of ,much 词语辨析
many ,a lot of ,much ,这三个词都是表示“许多”。many是用来修饰可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词,a lot of那么用来修饰可数与不可数名词。
例子:Peter has many friend .(可数名词的前面)
Peter has much food for his birthday party. (不可数名词的前面)
Peter has a lot of friend. (可数名词的前面)
Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. (不可数名词的前面)
二、 不可数名词的归类
一、表示液体:water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink 二、表示自然现象:snow, rain, ice
3、表示食物类:rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food 4、其它类:newspaper, news, homework, housework
综合练习
一、 给以下词语分类。
B. C.
money
可数名词 不可数名词
二, 写出以下名词的复数形式
一、orange 二、class 3、text 4、monkey 五、piano 六、child 7、shelf 八、bed 九、country 10、family 1一、toy 1二、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 1五、photo 1六、army 17、tomato 1八、fox 1九、woman 20、knife 2二、sheep 三、选择填空
一、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has
3. There are four and two in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese,German , Germans 4. That’s art book. A. an B. a C. the D are
5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish 8. There two in the box.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth _____ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher ’s ’
11. In Britain _____ are all painted red. A. letter boxes boxes C. letter box box
are_____ birds in that big tree.
A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of
C. five hundred of D. hundred of
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