专业英语八级模拟试卷742(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷742 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： Observing Behavior Good morning, everyone! Today we’ll look at how to observe behavior in research. Perhaps you would say it’s easy in that there’s nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behavior every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observant while walking or driving can be life-threatening. We learn by observing people’s behavior. Researchers, too, rely on their observations to learn about behavior, but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations. And, and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations, instead, we rely on our memory of events. Observations in research, on the other hand, are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record-keeping. Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? Now as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behavior. But it is, in reality, impossible to observe and describe all of a person’s behavior. So we have to rely on observing samples of people’s behavior. In doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people’s usual behavior. Thus, we’ll first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behavior. Before conducting an observation or study, researchers must make a number of important decisions. That’s about when and where observations will be made. As I’ve said before, the researcher cannot observe all behavior. Only certain behaviors occurring at particular times in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behavior must be sampled. In this lecture, I’ll briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situation sampling. Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students’ classroom behavior. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five twenty-minute periods beginning every hour. The first observation period could begin at 9 a.m., the second at 10 a.m. and so forth.

However, in random sampling, these five twenty-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day; that is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary, some longer, others shorter. One point I’d like to make is, systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during fifteen-second intervals, but randomly distributed within each twenty-minute period. Now let’s come to situation sampling. Then what is situation sampling? It involves studying behavior in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible, researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be particular to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. Why? Because people, or for that manner animals, do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as they do with the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in the wild. So by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objective observations than he would in only a specific situation. Having discussed ways to sample behavior in research, we are now moving on to another issue, that is, what researcher should do to record behavior as it occurs, that is, whether researchers are active or passive in recording behavior. This refers to the methods of observation. Observational methods can be classified as observation with intervention, or observation without intervention. Observation with intervention can be made in at least two ways — participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation observers, that is researchers, play a dual role. They observe people’s behavior and they participate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observed know that the observer is present to collect information about their behavior, this is undisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those who are being observed do not know that they are being observed. Another method of observation with intervention is field experiment. What is a field experiment? When an observer controls one or more conditions in a natural setting, in order to determine they’ve effect on behavior, this procedure is called field experiment. The field experiment represents the most extreme form of intervention in observational methods. The essential difference between field experiments and other observational methods is that researchers have more control in field experiments. Now let’s take a look at observation without intervention. Observation without intervention is also called naturalistic observation, because its main purpose’s to describe behavior as it normally occurs, that is, in a natural setting, without any attempt by the observer to intervene. An observer using this method of observation acts as a passive recorder of what occurs. The events occur naturally and are not controlled by the observer. OK, in today’s lecture we have focused on how to make decisions of sampling before beginning our observation, and what we can do during observation. I hope what we’ve discussed will help you in your future research design.

Observing Behavior People do observation in daily life context for

safety or for proper behavior. However, there are differences in daily-life observation

and research observation.A. Differences —daily life observation -casual -(1)______ (1)______ -dependence on memory —research observation -(2)______ (2)______ -careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research —time sampling -systematic: e.g.

fixed intervals every hour -random: fixed intervals but (3)______ (3)______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. — (4)______ (4)______ -definition: selection of different locations -reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5)______across circumstances (5)______ -(6)______: more objective observations (6)______C. Ways to record behavior (7)______ (7) ______ —observation with intervention -participant observation: researcher as observer and participant -field experiment: researcher (8)______over conditions (8)______ — observation without intervention -purpose; describing behaviour (9)______ (9)______ _(10)_____: no intervention (10)______ -researcher: a passive recorder

1．

正确答案：rare formal records/rare record keeping

解析：本题涉及daily life observation的特点。讲座中提到，平时人们观察时很随意，不会留心一些可能会影响到观察结果的因素，也很少严格地作记录。因此。此处应该填rare formal records与下面的dependence on memory互为补充，或者填rare record keeping与下文research observation中的careful record keeping相对照。

2．

正确答案：systematic and objective

解析：本题需填的是research observation的第一个特征。这一特征应该与daily life observation中的casual相反。讲座在介绍研究观察时说，研究观察是在高度受限的条件下进行的，也就是说in a systematic and objective manner．因此总结答案systematic and objective，与casual相对照。

3．

正确答案：distributed randomly

解析：在介绍完systematic sampling之后，讲座对random sampling进行了解释，听音时注意捕捉However后的信息。演讲者说“五个二十分钟的观察期可能被随机分配到一天的时间里，也就是说，两个观察期之间的时间间隔可长可短”，所以此处填入distributed randomly。

4．

正确答案：situation sampling 解析：讲座在介绍如何选取观察样本时提到了两种方法，一个是时间样本法(time sampling)，另一个是情景样本法(situation sampling)，本题应填situation sampling。

5．

正确答案：varies /differs

解析：本题考查采取情景样本法的原因。讲座中提到，人和动物在不同的情境下的行为方式也会不同．(Because people，or for that manner animals，do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations)。为了保证答案在三个单词以内，本题可填动词varies或differs。

6．

正确答案：advantage

解析：根据本题所在位置可以推断，该空需要填入一个概括总结性的词语，与上面的definition以及advantage对应。而more objective observations是situation sampling与observation in only a specific situation相比存在的优势。故本题应填advantage“优势”。

7．

正确答案：as it occurs

解析：小标题C后开始总结记录行为的方法。讲座解释说，这一点也就是讲what researchers should do to record behavior as it occurs。所以，该标题应为“在行为发生时记录行为的方法”，故本题填as it occurs。

8．

正确答案：with more control/having control

解析：讲座在介绍observation with intervention时提到了两种方法，一种是participant observation，一种是field experiment。在提出What is a field experiment的问题之 后，教授自己作了回答：当研究者在自然条件下通过控制一个或几个条件来看它们会不会对行为产生影响时，这种研究就叫field experiment。所以本题应填having control或with more control，作后置定语修饰researcher。

9．

正确答案：in natural setting

解析：本题考查observation without intervention的目的。讲座中明确提到，it’s main purpose’s to describe behavior as it normally occurs，随后还对这句话进行了解释：that is，in a natural setting…(也就是说，目的是要在自然条件下对行

为进行描述)。所以，本题应填in natural setting.

10．

正确答案：feature 解析：根据该空上下两条的特点，可以推测本题同样需要对空格后的内容进行总结，毫无疑问，no intervention是observation without intervention的特点，故本题应填feature。

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：M: Joining us now is Dr. Joanne Getsy, medical director of the Drexel Sleep Center. Dr. Getsy, welcome!W: Good morning!M: Good to have you here. We talk about insomnious people who can’t seem to get to sleep. Then you have folks, I think, [1]I’m one of them who just don’t sleep because you’re just too busy. I meant to go to bed at nine last night. It was 22:30 before I climbed into bed. So how do you separate the two?W: [1] Oh, I think most people who complain of trouble sleeping are really in your category. And there is just the 24-hour world. We have too much to do. And there is just not enough time for sleep. And I think the important thing is that people don’t understand the importance of sleep. You know, we exercise and we eat right and we try to do what is right for us. But we forget that sleep is as important as all of those things.M: It is not a luxury. It’s a health thing. The National Institute of Health says 10-15% of the general population struggles with chronic insomnia. And some of those people do fall in the category of, they can’t sleep, as much as they try, they can’t.W: That’s right! And when we see them at sleep specialists, we can usually determine from what they tell us, whether they really have insomnia and have trouble sleeping, or whether they just can’t seem to find the time for sleep.M: Alright. Primary insomnia, again, these are people who can’t sleep enough because of the health condition. But they simply can’t get to sleep. You have got some advice for them, including “To stay asleep, you must stay awake.”W: Yes! [2]Well, important thing is to keep a schedule. People that have trouble sleeping really need to schedule when their sleep is going to be. They must lay to find the time when they’re going to be asleep and the time they must stay awake.M: Even, even in fact I’m not tired until 8 a.m.?W: Then, then you go to bed at 3 a.m.M: Go to bed at 3 a.m.? And then get up and go to work at 7 or 8…W: Exactly! [5]And we actually make a schedule and that means there’s no point in lying in bed for two hours. Your mind wants to see production.M: Do you say “Set a bedtime” and “Don’t lie awake in bed”?W: Absolutely right!M: And also “Persevere”.W: Well, it’s hard, you know.M: So, this isn’t gonna be an overnight change.W: Trying to learn to sleep is a long process and it takes a lot of dedication. You have to stick with it. And don’t give up.M:

And so this is someone who’s gonna really stick with the program.W: Precisely. It’s like quitting smoking or drinking. You have to really put the time in it. ff people are ready, it would work. But it is not easy.M: Let’s talk about something you call “sleep hygiene—the tips you say anyone can use to improve their habits. “Make sleep a priority”. And then let’s get back to people like me. Right?W: Well, that’s hard. I mean we have so many responsibilities in the world. But if you find that your sleeplessness is disturbing the way you feel during the day, then you have to make it a priority.M: And then “Make your bedroom comfortable”.W: Well, I mean your bedroom needs to be comfy and cozy. You shouldn’t have your computer in your bedroom, and you shouldn’t be paying your bills while you are lying in bed. It ought to be comfortable and inviting.M: We all know that caffeine will keep us awake. But you say “Don’t have caffeine after lunch”. Someone going to bed at nine or ten, I mean does it really stay with them that long?W: [3]Caffeine can stay with you up to 10 hours. And so you have to make sure you stop if it’s bothering you and ff you have trouble sleeping, you shouldn’t have caffeine after lunchtime.M: I’m reading the next tip. I hate to tell you that in about an hour I am gonna be taking a nap, but you say “Don’t take a nap during the day”.W: Well, I think naps are good. If they are people like you, you have a crazy schedule and you can’t get to sleep and maybe tonight you have something else that you have to do. And I think in that type of situation, a nap is good. It’s gonna revive you.M: Do you like a twenty-minute nap or two-hour nap? I mean is too much bad?W: [4] Too much is too bad. You have to keep it less than 45 minutes. Because if you take a nap that’s longer than that, you will end up getting deep sleep then you wake up feeling worse instead of better.M: Alright. Dr. Getsy, it’s good to have you here.

11． For most people who have sleeping troubles, which of the following is the most usual cause?

A．Their room is not cozy.

B．They are busy and occupied. C．They have chronic disease. D．They take a nap after lunch.

正确答案：B

解析：主持人提到，他就是因为太忙了才会失眠。Dr. Getsy指出大多数失眠的人都属于主持人这种情况，可见大多数人失眠的原因是太忙碌了，因此B为正确答案。

12． What is the advice Dr. Getsy gives those who struggle with insomnia due to the health condition?

A．Lying in bed as long as possible. B．Taking some sleeping pills to relax. C．Staying awake as long as they can. D．Scheduling when to be away or asleep.

正确答案：D

解析：访谈中，Dr．Getsy对那些因为健康问题而失眠的人的建议是保持规律的作息非常重要，应该安排好睡眠时间，因此D为正确答案。

13． People should stay away from caffeine after lunch because A．its effect may linger for almost 10 hours. B．it disturbs the way people feel in daytime. C．it accelerates heartbeat and respiration. D．they may want to take a catnap.

正确答案：A

解析：Dr. Getsy提到，咖啡因的作用可持续长达十小时，因此如果咖啡因影响到睡眠质量，就应在午饭后远离咖啡因，故A为正确答案。

14． Which of the following is TRUE about taking a nap? A．Napping for 2 hours is better than for 40 minutes. B．It does not revive you if the nap lasts too long. C．You should never take a nap after lunch.

D．The longer you sleep, the better you will feel.

正确答案：B

解析：Dr. Getsy认为，小睡以不要超过45分钟为宜，否则会进入深度睡眠，那样一觉醒来后感觉更疲惫，可见睡太久反而本能提神，因此B为正确选项。

15． Which of the following is NOT one of Dr. Getsy’s tips on fighting sleeping troubles?

A．Create a comfortable sleeping environment.

B．Prioritize sleep if you are haunted by sleeplessness. C．Climb into bed early and lie awake to relax.

D．Show perseverance and prepare for a long battle.

正确答案：C

解析：Dr. Getsy提到，醒着在床上躺两个小时是没有意义的，因为我们的大脑期待有睡眠的成果。可见她不提倡选项C的方式，因而C为答案。

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： Delegates to a meeting of 24 Asia-Pacific countries in Bangkok cited progress in the fight against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The UN program on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS, says epidemics in the region appear stable. From 2001 to 2009 infection rates in India, Nepal and Thailand fell by more than 25 percent,

while rates in Bangladesh and the Philippines increased by more than 25 percent. One challenge is the lack of access to often expensive anti-retroviral treatments. The regional director for the UN Children’s Fund in East Asia and the Pacific, Anupama Rao Singh, says only 30 percent of adults and 44 percent of children who need the treatments are able to get them. Singh says Asian heads of state need to better support HIV/AIDS programs. The Asia-Pacific region is home to an estimated five million HIV-infected people, the second highest number in the world, after Sub-Saharan Africa.

16． The likely cause of the increased rates of HIV/AIDS is the lack of______. A．access to often expensive anti-retroviral treatments B．effective communication in Asia-Pacific region C．international cooperation between countries D．education of the harm of HIV/AIDS

正确答案：A 涉及知识点：健康类

17． According to Anupama Rao Singh, how many children can get HIV/AIDS treatment?

A．30% B．44% C．19% D．0.25

正确答案：B 涉及知识点：健康类

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Although it might have happened anywhere, my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road in the interior of Brazil. My ancient jeep was straining up through spectacular countryside when the radiator began to leak ten miles from the nearest mechanic. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a scattering of houses. People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water spouted from holes in the jacket of the radiator. “That’s easy to fix,” a man said. He sent a boy running for some green bananas. He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me everything would work out. “Green bananas,” he smiled. Everyone agreed. We exchanged pleasantries while I mulled over the ramifications of the green banana. Asking questions would betray my ignorance, so I remarked on the beauty of the terrain. Huge rock formations, like Sugar Loaf in Rio, rose up all around us. “Do you see that tall one right over there?” asked my benefactor, pointing to a particular tall, slender pinnacle of dark rock.

“That rock marks the center of the world.” I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious. He in turn inspected me carefully to be sure I grasped the significance of his statement. The occasion demanded some show of recognition on my part. “The center of the world?” I repeated, trying to convey interest if not complete acceptance. He nodded. “The absolute center. Everyone around here knows it.” At that moment the boy returned with my green bananas. The man sliced one in half and pressed the cut end against the radiator jacket. The banana melted into a glue against the hot metal, plugging the leaks instantly. Everyone laughed at my astonishment. They refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along. An hour later, after one more application of green banana, my radiator and I reached our destination. The local mechanic smiled, “Who taught you about the green banana?” I named the village. “Did they show you the rock marking the center of the world?” he asked. I assured him they had. “My grandfather came from there,” he said. “The exact center. Everyone around here has always known about it.” As a product of American higher education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. Suddenly oh that mountain road, its time and my need had converged. But as I reflected on it further, I realized that the green banana had been there all along. Its time reached back to the very origins of the banana. The people in that village had known about it for years. My own time had come in relation to it. This chance encounter showed me the special genius of those people, and the special potential of the green banana. I had been wondering for some time about those episodes of clarity which educators like to call learning moments, and knew I had just experienced two of them at once. The importance of the rock marking the center of the world took a while to filter through. I had initially doubted their claim, knowing for a fact that the center was located somewhere in New England. After all my grandfather had come from there. But gradually I realized they had a valid belief, a universal concept, and I agreed with them. We tend to define the center as that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both identity and meaning: family, school, town, and local region. The lesson which gradually filtered through was the simple concept that every place has special meanings for the people in it; every place represents the center of the world. The number of such centers is incalculable, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them, but once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and collection can begin. The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning. They have been there for ages, ripening slowly, perhaps waiting patiently for people to come along to encounter them. In fact, a green banana is waiting for all of us who leave our own centers of the world in order to experience other places.

18． The word “mull” in the second paragraph means______. A．warm B．dull

C．ponder D．crumble

正确答案：C 解析：第二段中涉及到香蕉时作者在第二句话中提到ask、remark，可见mull这一动词与问问题又不好意思问有关，那就只有不问而自己想了，所以选C，即思索的意思。

19． When the villager refers to the dark rock as the “center of the world”______.

A．he just wants to tease the author B．he is ignorant to think so

C．he does not know the “center” is in New England D．he, as well as people living there, believes in it seriously

正确答案：D

解析：第三段中提到the center of the world时，村民his face was serious，所以选D。

20． In paragraph six, the word “product” in the first line refers to______. A．green banana B．fruit

C．the author D．the villagers

正确答案：C

解析：product这个词在此处指的是人，在第五段第一句话中可以看到此句的主语是I，指的是作者本人，所以选C。

21． It can be inferred from the passage that “learning moments” happens when______.

A．one finds another center of the world

B．one begins to respect the existence of people outside oneself C．educators teach something in class D．one visits some far-away place

正确答案：B

解析：第五段中当作者提到“learning moments”时，在同样的一句话里他说到I had just experienced two of them at once。two分别指green banana和the center of the world。这两个例子都是为了说明every place has special meanings for the people in it(第七段)和The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning(第八段)，所以文章最后一句话说In fact，a green banana is waiting for all of us who leave our own centers of the world in order to experience other places，也就是答案B的意思。

22． What is the main idea of the passage? A．Green bananas are very useful fruit.

B．People living in small villages are usually very kind. C．People should go out to see the whole world very often. D．One should understand the world from different perspective.

正确答案：D

解析：这道题是整体题，意思上与第四题接近，还可以补充的是第七段最后一句话a life-long perspective and collection can begin。说明了人们应该设法了解有别于自己的其他的人和事，所以选D。

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

23． The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American______.

A．religious intolerance B．intolerant nationalism C．Progressive Movement D．Deregulation of big trusts

正确答案：B 解析：The Red Scare(红色恐怖)指的是1919～1920年问的一股极端民族主义浪潮。1919年，美国发生了一系列的恐怖爆炸案，引发红色恐怖，人们把矛头一致指向外来移民，怀疑、排斥甚至迫害外来移民。1921年，政府出台外来移民限制法案，这才停止了这股红色恐怖浪潮。 知识模块：美国历史

24． When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A．1770. B．1788. C．1900. D．1901.

正确答案：D

解析：1900年7月5日，英国国会通过了批准澳大利亚成立联邦的法案，1901年1月1日，新南威尔士、维多利亚、昆士兰、南澳洲、塔斯玛尼亚和西澳洲6个殖民地组成了澳大利亚联邦。 知识模块：澳大利亚概况

25． The sentence “...government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth” comes from______.

A．the Emancipation Proclamation B．The Declaration of Independence C．Gettysburg Address

D．I Have a Dream

正确答案：C 涉及知识点：人文知识

26． Which rules govern the combination of sounds in a particular language? A．Sequential rules. B．Assimilation rules. C．Deletion rules.

D．Complementary rules.

正确答案：A

解析：在某一特定语言中支配语音组合的规则被称为“序列规则”，故A项正确。A、B、C项均为音位学中的规则。同化规则指通过拷贝序列音位的一个特征来将一个音同化为另一个，从而使两个音素相似。省略规则告诉我们在什么时候省去一个语音，虽然这个音在正字法上仍有表现。 知识模块：语音学和音位学

27． The Australian National Day is chosen to commemorate A．the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia B．the first European settlement of the continent. C．the discovery of the continent.

D．Captain James Cook’s first voyage around Australia.

正确答案：B 解析：英国首批移民于1788年1月26日抵达澳大利亚，后来这一天被定为国庆日。

28． Which of the following might fail to associate you with London? A．Capital of England. B．Big Ben.

C．Golden Gate Bridge. D．Downing Street.

正确答案：C

解析：伦敦是英格兰首府所在地，大笨钟是位于伦敦的议院楼的大钟楼；而唐宁街也是位于伦敦威斯敏斯特的一条街。

C．金门桥是美国的一座斜拉大桥。

29． The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called

A．pragmatics. B．semantics.

C．sociolinguistics. D．psycholinguistics.

正确答案：A

解析：这道题检查考生是否知晓语用学的含义。

30． ______ is advanced by Paul Grice. A．Cooperative Principle B．Politeness Principle

C．The General Principle of Universal Grammar D．Adjacency Principle

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查语用学理论。英国哲学家Grice提出的合作原则(Cooperative Principle)是指导有效交际的最高原则，其具体内容是：每一个参加交际的人在交际过程中所说的话要符合为大家所接受的交际目标或方向。礼貌原则(Politeness Principle)是英国学者G.N. Leech提出的，是对合作原则进行补充的“二级原则”。在解释合作原则时，Grice提到了adjacency pair(相邻对)这一概念，没有Adjacency Principle。Universal Grammar(普遍语法)是Noam Chomsky提的理论。

31． The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne is mainly concerned with ______. A．the corruption of the society B．the consequence of sin and guilt

C．the wrong doing of one generation that lives into the successive ones D．overreaching intellect

正确答案：B

解析：伟大的浪漫主义作家霍桑被加尔文教的“原罪”所紧紧缠绕，使得他无论观察哪方面的现象都会发现腐败和毁灭的萌芽。小说《红字》便明显地表现出了他的这一思想，故事看似简单，却是一个关于罪、理智和自然情感之间冲突的寓言。

32． Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT______.

A．the strict poetic form

B．the free and natural rhythm C．the easy flow of feelings

D．the simple and conversational language

正确答案：A 解析：惠特曼以自由体诗而闻名。诗作语言简洁，韵律自然流畅，不拘一格，流露着自然情感。因而拘泥于严格的诗体不是惠特曼的风格，A是正确的答案。

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is

involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t

What happens if you release the odor of lavender into a restaurant? In case of 【M1】______a small shop in France, at least, it led to customers’ staying longer and spending more,researchers say. The researchers, whose report appears in the current edition of 【M2】______Hospitality Management (a journal), say the findings offer more evidence of the power that aromas haveto influence human behavior. In the past, studies have suggested, among other things,that peppermint oil may help athletic performance and that pleasant smells makepeople more collaborative and even induce them to gamble more at casinos. 【M3】______The authors of the new study say this is the first time when researchers have looked at 【M4】______the effect on restaurant customers of aromas - at least, those not coming from the kitchen.In Brittany on three Saturday evenings at a 22-seats restaurant that serves mainly pizza,【M5】______the researchers released either oil of lavender, oil of lemon or nothing at all. The scent was spread’by diffusers that plugged into three electrical outlets. The study found 【M6】______no change in customer behavior when no scent was used or when they used lemon,considering to have stimulating effects. Things changed, though, 【M7】______with the lavender, which is believed to make people relax. In average, 【M8】______customers spent about 15 minutes long in the restaurant. And they spent almost【M9】______4

euros more --about $M5.Noting that the findings were in with earlier research, 【M10】______the researchers wrote, “These studies taken together support the position that scents could influence many consumption environments.”

33． 【M1】 正确答案：Inhttp://erwai.vip.qikan.com/text/Mag.aspx?issn=980A2474-586C-4AB6-829B-2C5012098DFF&year=2020&Issue=12ase of改成the

解析：短语辨析。in case of是强调“如果发生…”，强调假设的可能性；而in the case of强调“就某一特定情况而言”，强调环境。而本文中正是后者，因此选择in the case of。

34． 【M2】

正确答案：edition改成issue

解析：词语辨析。这里的Hospitality Management是一种期刊，因此它的某一“期”应该用issue。edition是指书的某种版本。

35． 【M3】

正确答案：collaborative改成cooperative 解析：词语辨析。“collaborative effort/work/project etc”是指“a job or piece of work that involves two or more people working together to achieve something”，强调团体协作。而“cooperative”有“willing to cooperate”的含义，形容人。纵观上下文这里是指使人们更乐于协作，即听从某种暗示或指令来消费的意思。

36． 【M4】

正确答案：time when researchers改成time researchers

解析：定语从句。在定语从句当中，以time和moment等个别词汇引领的从句较为特殊，就这两个时间名词而言，其后的关系词有时必须省略，短语“the first time”就是其中一例。

37． 【M5】

正确答案：22-seats改成22-seat

解析：构词法。这里是将数词和名词结合构成复合形容词，在构词时要将名词后的复数，词尾去掉。

38． 【M6】

正确答案：that plugged改成that were plugged

解析：语态。plug是及物动词，因此这里要用被动语态。同时综合上下文考虑，要使用过去时。

39． 【M7】

正确答案：considering改成considered

解析：句式结构。这里是说“柠檬被认为可以起到刺激作用”，对于名词“lemon”来说，应该使用表示被动的过去分词作为后置定语修饰。

40． 【M8】

正确答案：In改成On 解析：固定搭配。“on average”是“平均来说”的意思。没有“in average”这一短语。

41． CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.

43． 不消说，相识的人数是随了年龄增加的，一个人年龄越大，走过的地方、当过的职务越多，相识的人理该越增加了。可是，相识的人并不就是朋友。我们许多人相识，或是因了事务关系，或是因了偶然的机缘——如在别人请

客的时候同席吃过饭之类。见面时点头或握手，有事时走访或通信，口头上彼此也称“朋友”，笔头上有时或称“仁兄”，诸如此类，其实只是一种社交上的客套，和“顿首”、“百拜”同是仪式的虚伪。这种交际可以说是社交，和真正的友谊相差似乎很远。

正确答案： Needless to say, the number of people you get acquainted with is increasing along with your age. Theoretically speaking, as we getting older, the more we experienced, the more people we know. However, not every acquaintance is friend. We met many people, sometimes through business, sometimes by chance—such as attending the same banquet and sitting by the same table. We greet with a nod or with handshakes when we come across: we pay visits or write letters when we seek help. We orally call each other “buddy” or address each other “my dear friend” in the letter. All these are just social etiquettes, which are as formally hypocritical as “kowtow” This kind of communication is social engagement, which is far from being called true friendship.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.

44． In the wild, the sense of smell fulfils animals basic needs, like the search for food. A hungry polar bear living in a barren and frozen landscape can smell the carcass of a seal over great distances, and it can also tell from the smell whether the carcass is going to be fit to eat or not. Animals that live on land receive scent messages through the air, but scents can be detected in water too. Sharks have a highly efficient sense of smell, and the hammerhead shark has evolved its strange shaped head in order to make it an even more efficient hunter. The hammerhead can detect blood at several hundred meters. It has nostrils at each end of its T-shaped head, and by moving its head from side to side it can home in on its prey, by following the stronger of the two scent signals.

正确答案： 在荒野，嗅觉能满足动物的基本需求，如觅食。一只生活在荒芜的冰冻地带的饥饿的北极熊能够嗅到远处的海豹尸体，而且它还能从气味上判断这尸体能否食用。 生活在陆地上的动物通过空气接受气味信息，但气味在水中同样能被察觉。鲨鱼具有高度灵敏的嗅觉，槌头双髻鲨的头部已进化成奇特的形状，这使它成为一名更高明的猎手。槌头双髻鲨可嗅到几百米外的血腥味。它在T形头部的两侧各有一个鼻孔，通过左右摆动，追踪两个气味信号中较强的一个，找到猎物．

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.

45． William Menninger listed six essential qualifies that are the key to success: Sincerity, personal integrity, humility, courtesy and others. What do you think are the most important things for one to have in order to be successful? Write an essay

of about 400 words entitled:The Essential Qualifies One Should Have In Order To Succeed In the first part of your writing you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details (or examples). In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

正确答案： The Essential Qualities One Should Have In Order To Succeed In the world today, there is almost nobody that does not long to succeed. People seem to concur on what success is, but their views very when they talk about how to obtain success. Some people attach too much importance to good luck and family background, while others contend that hard work is everything. Obviously, although these ere very good qualifies for success, they are far from enough or complete. Indeed, success calls for such essential inner qualities as perseverance, eruditeness and open-mindedness. To talk about Perseverance is one thing, but to practice it is quite another. Perseverance is not that you can see the immediate results of your work this morning but that you build your castle one brick at a time. For a long time you see instead of a castle, bricks, bricks and mom bricks. That claasic example of Addison, who had failed 999 times before he succeeded, is typical of perseverance. Suppose he had stopped at 999, then what would have happened? He might have said goodbye to the long-waited success. So persistence or perseverance is what we need to succeed. Eruditeness is another essential quality one should have to achieve success today. We are now living in the age of information and new knowledge. Knowledge and information arc booming each day. Being information-poor can be a serious problem. In this case, you are not able to pass all kinds of examinations to get yourself on to the social ladder in my nation. The 21st century favors the persons whose knowledge is widely ranged. Not only should you be intensive in a certain area but you are also expected to have such knowledge like philosophy, art and religion. Eruditeness emphasizes both the quantity and quality of knowledge. With this you can be said to be all ready. Perseverance and eruditeness, so far as they were possible, enable us to get ready extraneously. We also need something intrinsic—a good personality, whose sign is a sense of humor. A sense of humor can help you nurture a healthy state of mind. It enables you to strike up team work and improve your ability to communicate and influence other people and the environment so that you can have greater control over the things going around you. Almost with no exception, great men and great women are always sensibly humorous. There may be dozens of qualities one must have in order to be successful, but the essential ones are only a few. As far as I observe, perseverance, eruditeness and open-mindedness are the most important. They can definitely make us successful.