第四集 语法填空核心考点考点突破
——连词与介词 ——语言学习的基础
,【考向聚焦】
历年高考题中至少有一道题要考到连词或介词。介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词＋关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond。连词考查较多的有：but和while，“祈使句＋and/or＋并列句”中的and和or；另外，for作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。
对应学生用书P12
用适当的连词或介词填空
1．(2013•安徽，22)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library________a book about it.
解析 考查介词。句意：在你去一个名胜旅行之前，在你当地的图书馆寻找一本关于它的书。本题关键在于认识到动词look与选项中的介词搭配构成固定短语的时候，其中隔有短语in your local library。
答案 for
2．(2013•福建，29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children
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are always ________ the way whenever she tries to.
解析 考查介词短语。句意：史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西有困难，因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。
答案 in
3．(2013•湖北，30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered________ chance a long lost antique Greek vase.
解析 考查短语辨析。此处表示“偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶”。
答案 by
4．(2013•北京，26)I have an appointment ________ Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.
解析 考查介词。短语为have an appointment with sb，意为“与某人预约、约会”。
答案 with
5．(2013•新课标Ⅱ，11)A serious study of physics is impossible________some knowledge of mathematics.
解析 考查介词。句意：如果没有一点数学知识，要认真研究物理是不可能的。
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答案 without
6．(2013•新课标Ⅰ，34)It was a real race________time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it.
解析 考查介词。句意：为了完成这项工程，这真是与时间的一次赛跑。
答案 against
7．(2013•新课标Ⅰ，32)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery________another man，also intelligent，fails.
解析 考查并列连词。根据句意，前后两句话为两种情况的对比“一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明，但是失败了”。并列连词while表示对比。
答案 while
8．(2013•重庆，23)It's not easy to change habits，________ with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible.
解析 考查并列连词。句意：改变习惯不易，但如果是有意识和有自我控制能力的话，还是有可能的。前后为转折关系，用并列连词but。
答案 but
对应学生用书P12
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介词的普通用法
【典例1】 Four Chinese models were ________ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.(2009•上海)
解析 考查介词的用法。among表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”。根据题干中“在获奖的14个人里边，中国模特占4人”可知。
答案 among
【典例2】 He invited me to a dance after the show ________ Christmas Eve.(2009•陕西)
解析 考查介词的用法。at Christmas表示在圣诞期间；介词on后接具体的某一天。此处表示在圣诞节前夕，故用介词on。
答案 on
【典例3】 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name，not case number.(2010•江西)
解析 句意：如今一些医院以名字来叫病人，而不是以病历号。考查固定短语。by表“方式”。
答案 by
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【典例4】 ________ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious，the government is searching for ways to improve people's life.(2013•扬州调研)
解析 句意：随着经济危机变得越来越严重，政府正在想方设法改善人们的生活。这里the crisis of economy getting more and more serious是一个短语，所以应该用介词with，表示伴随；而as，when和if后面都要跟句子。
答案 With
1．—When do we need to pay the balance?
—________ September 30.
解析 by后接时间点，意为“不迟于”，“在……之前”。
答案 By
2．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________ an inch.
解析 句意：子弹以一寸之差未击中上尉的头部。by可表示时间、空间、距离等数量的相差。
答案 by
3．A great person is always putting others' interests ________ his own.
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解析 句意：伟人总是把他人的利益置于个人利益之上。above意为“在……上方”符合句意。
答案 above
4．________ the production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year.
解析 句意：由于产量增长了60%，该公司又有一个丰收年。
答案 With
介词with的用法主要有
1．表示“和……在一起”，“由……陪同”或“有……在场”
The students went to the farm with their teachers.
学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。
2．表示“随着……”
With time passing，they have grown into big boys and big girls.
随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
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3．with后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况
He likes to sleep with the windows open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
4．表示“具有；带有；包括……在内”
China is a country with a long history.
中国是个历史悠久的国家。
5．表示原因或理由
The little girl was trembling with fear.
这个小女孩吓得发抖。
介词短语
【典例5】 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ favor of younger men.(2011•湖北，30)
解析 句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。考查介词短语辨析。句中的step aside表示“让位，让开”，后面接介词短语in
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favor of表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。
答案 in
【典例6】 More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.(2010•福建)
解析 “介词＋名词＋介词短语”多由in和for开头，常见的有in favour of(赞成)，in honour of(为了纪念，为向……表示敬意，为庆祝)，for fear of(以免)等，如for lack of(由于缺乏)。
答案 for
【典例7】We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and ________ return，dogs give us their all.(2010•江西)
解析 “介词＋名词”构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点，因此，熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由by，for，in，on等“活跃介词＋名词”构成，如by chance/accident(偶然)，on purpose(故意)，in return(反过来)。
答案 in
5．Do you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders?
解析 考查介词。句意：你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧了？across表示“从一边到另一边”，符合句意。
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答案 across
6．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.
解析 考查介词的用法。句意：达成协议似乎不可能，因为大多数委员会成员反对。against“反对”，符合句意。
答案 against
1．动词＋介词
account for说明 agree on对……达成协议 begin with以……开始 come across碰见 go into调查 keep from阻止 look for寻找 stand for代表 agree with 同意(某人意见) answer for对……负责 wait for等待 decide on对……作出决定 head for向……前进 live on靠……生活 look into调查 stick to坚持 agree to同意(某种安排等) aim at针对 call for要求 get into进入 hear from接到……的信、电话 look after照顾 run into碰到 wait on招待
2．动词＋副词＋介词
add up to合计达…… come up with提出 get on with与……相处融洽 look down upon看不起 look up to敬仰(某人) put up with忍受 come up against遭到反对 do away with废除 keep up with跟上 look forward to盼望 make up for弥补 stand out for坚决要求 come up to达到 get down to开始认真考虑 live up
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to不辜负(期望) look out for当心 run out of用完 stick out for坚持要求
3．动词＋名词＋介词
catch sight of突然看见 make room for为……腾出地方 take pride in以……为荣 make friends with和……交朋友 pay attention to注意 show interest in对……感兴趣 make fun of取笑 take care of照顾 take part in参加
含有介词的成语
【典例8】 We hadn't planned to meet.We met ________ chance.
解析 by chance为固定搭配，意为“偶然”。
答案 by
【典例9】 His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
解析 句意：他为这个项目筹集资金的努力徒劳无功，因为没有人愿意从腰包里掏一分钱。in vain意为“徒劳”，符合句意。
答案 in
7．He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.
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解析 句意：他是一个好学生，大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过，多于”，符合句意。
答案 above
8．Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems.
解析 考查介词。句意：有时候，解决食品安全问题的答案并不太难寻求。answer to表示“(问题)的答案”，是固定搭配。本句中的food safety problems被从proper answers的后面移至现在的位置，从而加大了此题的解题难度。
答案 to
揭密常考的介词成语
(1)含有at的成语
at a time一次 at least至少 at the same time同时
at all costs不惜一切代价 at most至多 at times有时候 at first最初 at once立即 at will任意地 at last最后 at present目前 at work起作用
(2)含有by的成语
by accident偶然 by day/night白天/夜间 by heart能背诵 by turns轮流 by
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birth出身 by no means绝不 by chance偶然 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说一下 by chance偶然 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说一下
(3)含有in的成语
in a sense从某种意义上说 in case假使 in fact实际上 in one's opinion在某人看来 in other words换句话说 in short总之 in the long run从长远来看
in advance事先 in store必将发生 in general一般说来 in no time立刻 in public公开地 in vain徒劳 in time及时 in the meantime同时 in danger处于危险中 in turn轮流 in order井井有条 in return作为回报 in the end最后 in all总共
(4)含有on的成语
on average平均 on foot步行 on sale在出售 on the way在途中 on business出差 on holiday在休假 on strike罢工 on time准时 on duty值日 on behalf of代表 on the contrary相反 on the spot当场 on fire着火 on purpose故意地 on the other hand另一方面
(5)含有out of的成语
out of breath气喘吁吁 out of date过时 out of order发生故障 out of patience失去耐心 out of work失业 out of control失去控制 out of doors 在户外
out of question毫无疑问 out of reach拿不到 out of the question不可能 out
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of danger脱险 out of fashion不合时尚 out of luck倒霉 out of shape变形 out of touch失去联系
并列连词
【典例10】 Find ways to praise your children often，________ you'll find they will open their hearts to you.(2011•山东)
解析 句意：设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。考查并列连词。从句意连贯判断应用and表顺承关系。
答案 and
【典例11】 They wanted to charge $5，000 for the car，________we managed to bring the price down.
解析 两个分句之间是转折关系，故用并列连词but。
答案 but
【典例12】 In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise their children.
解析 此处是对women和men的分工进行对比，故用while，而不用but。
答案 while
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【典例13】 John plays basketball well，________ his favorite is badminton.
解析 yet是并列连词，表示转折。
答案 yet
【典例14】 He found it increasingly difficult to read，________ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
解析 for在此引出表示原因的并列分句。
答案 for
【典例15】 Stand over there ________ you'll be able to see the oil painting better.
解析 此并列句的结构为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。祈使句表示条件，and在此引出表示结果的并列分句。
答案 and
9．Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can，________ you will see more progress over time.
解析 这是一个“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果，所以用and。
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答案 and
10．—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free ________ the third costs $30.
解析 while是并列连词，表示对比，意为“而”。
答案 while
11．It is often said that the joy of traveling is ________ in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself.
解析 not...but...构成固定句式，意为“不……而……”，but为并列连词。
答案 not；but
12．I thought we'd be late for the concert，________ we ended up getting there ahead of time.
解析 两个分句在意义上是转折关系，故用but。
答案 but
13．You have failed two tests.You'd better start working harder，________you won't pass the course.
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解析 考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”。因为祈使句与后面的陈述句所表达的内容是对立的关系，故用or(否则)。
答案 or
14．Help others whenever you can________you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
解析 此并列句的结构为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。and意为“那么”，引出表示结果的并列分句。
答案 and
做并列连词的when和while
(1)when还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb was doing sth when...②sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when...③sb had just done sth when...如：
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，这时突然下起了雨。
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(2)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：
He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
对应学生用书P15
用适当的介词或连词填空
1．Some people do as they please regardless ________ what the result will be.
解析 结合上下文的意思可知应选regardless of(不管……)。
答案 of
2．She is ________ a growing number of Chinese people who are finding it increasingly difficult to find the time to read each day.
解析 among表示是三者以上的人或物当中的一员，相当于one of。
答案 among
3．I know nothing about the young lady ________ she has just come back from Great Britain and got a doctor's degree.
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解析 except that后接从句。
答案 except that
4．Guangdong lies ________ the south of China and Fujian is ________ the east of Guangdong.Hainan is ________ the coast of the mainland.
解析 表示位置关系的几个介词中，in指位于某个范围之内，on指与……接壤，to指位于某个范围之外，off指在离……有一定距离的海上。
答案 in；on；off
5．Our company has arranged me to go on a business trip to Shenzhen next week，but I will drop in on my friend in Guangzhou first.In other words，I will go to Shenzhen ________ way of Guangzhou.
解析 by way of意为“经由，取道”。第二句意思：我将取道广州去深圳。
答案 by
6．In Hangzhou，Mr.Black was so struck ________ the beauty of nature that he stayed ________ another night.
解析 介词by后接动作的发出者。stay for another night意为“再住一晚”。
答案 by；for
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7．Wuhan and Chongqing are among the most important cities in China ________ terms of their size and population.
解析 in terms of意为“就……而言”。句意：就规模和人口数而言，武汉和重庆在中国都算举足轻重的城市。
答案 in
8．His best－known painting that is ________ all praise will be on show in the National Gallery early next month.
解析 be beyond all praise意为“倍受赞誉”。
答案 beyond
9．—What do you want to do ________ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
解析 to put things in表明those old boxes是被用作工具，故选介词with。
答案 with
10．The number of the employees has grown from 1，000 to 1，200.This means it has risen ________ 20 percent.
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解析 by后接增长或减少的幅度；to后接增长或减少后达到的具体数量。
答案 by
11．Knowledge is the food of thought ________，as long as it is put in our brain，we will grow wiser.
解析 and连接两个并列分句，表示联合关系。
答案 and
12．There is still much to discuss；________，we shall return to this topic at the next meeting.
解析 根据句意，此处应填表示“因此”、“所以”之意的词，故选therefore。
答案 therefore
13．It's really very dangerous.One more step，________ the baby will fall into the well.
解析 此句的句型结构为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。并列连词and在此意为“那么”。One more step＝Take one more step。
答案 and
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14．Information technology is taught in most schools，________ we have entered the information era.
解析 for可用作表因果关系的并列连词，连接两个分句时，后一分句对前一分句进行解释。
答案 for
15．I've taught him，several times，________ he still doesn't know how to do it correctly.
解析 虽然我教了他几次，但是他仍然不知道怎么正确地做。
答案 but
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