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Unit 7 Learning Strategies Objectives:
After finishing this unit, students will be able to:● know some learning strategies
● talk about their own effective learning experiences and learning strategies ● learn to use the key words and expressions in this unit ● learn to use the subjunctive mood
● learn to adopt the reading skill Major supporting detail while reading ● learn to write a notice (for a lecture)
Section I Listen and Talk (2 periods)Step 1 Lead in (25 Mins)1. Warm up questions:
What are learning strategies?
2. Listening: (Listen to the passage and fill the missing words in the blanks. Listen
three times)
Keywords : improve, discover, strategies, reasons, grades, job, expand, free time,
sounds, tips, viewpoints 3. Words and Phrases
viewpoint: point of view 观点，看法
e.g. from one’s viewpoint, their viewpoint on life Master Student: 擅长读书的学生
4. Look at the pictures and try to say something about them or how they improve their
English. (Pair works, discussing) Brian storm questions: How do you improve your study of English? Or, how do you learn English in effective ways?
Do you use any skills in your learning? What are they? Have you ever learnt any learning skills from your classmates or teachers?
Step 2 Dialogues (40 Mins)
1. Listen to the two sample dialogues and try to answer some questions Dialogue 1 Consulting a Foreign Teacher on Learning Strategies Dialogue 2 Consulting a Foreign Friend on Learning English Can you find out any learning strategies in the dialogues?
2. Practice
Read two dialogues in pairs (pair work)3. Learn some useful phrases and expressions:
请教某人：consult sb. about sth.; ask for one’s advice on sth.提建议：give sb. some advice on
find oneself at a loss: don’t have any idea of sth.be short of: 缺少，短缺
get +past participle: 被动或状态get ready, get finished take opportunity to do sth.: 抓住机会做… no matter how: 不管怎样 rely on: depend on
Step 3 Communicative Tasks (25 mins)
Work in pairs and act the dialogues to the whole class. Task 1: Asking about ways to improve English. Tips:
1. Useful expressions and patterns for consulting someone: I wonder if you could tell me …
I would appreciate if you could tell me … Could you give me some advice on how to … Would you please tell me …
2. Useful expressions and patterns for advising someone: If I were you, I’d just …
I think you should …
I think maybe you ought to try … You ought to think about … Well, your best bet is to …
Task 2: Consulting on how to improve listening comprehension through activities like movies or TV programs.
Tips:
1. Useful expressions and patterns for agreeing to someone’s advice:
That’s an excellent idea. That’ll be fine. That’s quite true.
Yes, I couldn’t agree more.
2. Useful expressions and patterns to show one’s worry and provide comfort:
I’m so worried about … I’m at my wit’s end.
Don’t worry/ Be at ease/ Relax. Step 4 Assignments:
1. Read the dialogues and practice communicative tasks; 2. Preview new words in Passage A. Section II Read and Explore (4 periods)
Passage A Not Just a Job, an Adventure: Undergraduate Research
Step 1 Pre-reading Tasks (10 mins)
1. Greeting and a brief revision (pair work or group work) Ask one or two pairs (groups) to act out their own dialogue 2. Lead-in questions:
1) Some people say, “We learn more outside class.” Do you agree? Why or why
not?
Yes, that’s true, because what we get in class is just book knowledge, while outside class or in the society we get real-life knowledge, which is more practical for our future life.
No, if so, why should we go to school or college and attend so many classes? Why should we care how well our teachers are prepared for their jobs?
2) What benefits can undergraduate students get by doing research at college?
They can earn academic credit, money, and experience as well. They can learn to think for themselves and gain intellectual confidence. They can expand their minds in new directions. And they can prepare for their careers.
3. Culture notes
1) Undergraduate Research
In many universities, students are encouraged to participate in research to develop their own original research designs under the guidance of instructors. Students are usually paid for their research. If they register for a course and do a project, they can earn academic credits. In some departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis.
2) Ways to graduate “with honors”
In U. S. education, there are four main ways students may graduate with honors.
all A’s ------ may graduate with highest honors’ mostly A’s ------may graduate with high honors’ mostly A’s& B’s ------ may graduate with honors’ A student may graduate with honors in the major field. This requires high grades
in the major, fairly good grades overall, and an extra research
project in the
major.
1)Honors thesis
An honors student who does an extra research project in the major and writes a research paper can graduate with honors. This extra research project paper is usually called an honors thesis, which resembles a short master’s thesis.
Step 2 While-reading Tasks (75 mins)
1. Read the text as quickly as possible and try to find the answer to the following
questions:
1) Who can benefit from doing undergraduate research? Both students and professors.
2) Why does Professor Ralph Edison say that research can be exciting?
Because a research project gives students an opportunity to answer real-life questions.
3) Why does Arthur Hannah say that undergraduate research is a whole new mode
of learning?
Because research forces students to look for information they don’t know, not for knowledge they already have.
4)Why do some students do research without caring for money or credit?
Because they work as volunteers, pursing a career that requires altruistic commitment.
5)What kind of learning strategies does Professor Edison encourage the students
to use in learning a discipline?
To learn actively, to see a discipline as evolving, and to
rethink things constantly.
2. Language Points
1) one way or another: somehow; however you can
e.g. Almost every country becomes involved, one way or another, when there’s
a World War.
If you care about your work you’ll always get there on time, one way or
another.
2) be beneficial: be helpful
e.g. Going to class more often may be beneficial to your grade.
Encouraging people not to throw garbage on to the street is beneficial to
society.
3) expand the mind: stimulate curiosity and learning e.g. You can expand your mind by traveling and meeting interesting people.
Reading Einstein’s biography expanded my mind as I began to understand
the Theory of Relativity.
4) it isn’t just… but rather…: it’s true (that)… but it’s more important
e.g. It isn’t just the bad grade you got, but rather the lack of effort that bothered
me.
It isn’t just the stifling heat,but rather the dripping humidity that makes
Changsha uncomfortable in the summer. 5) see… as…: consider … to be …, regard … as …
e.g. It would be disappointing if you see the ugly building as a work of art.
If you see the Beatles’ later songs as poetry, you’ll understand them better.
6) original research: research done on one’s own, perhaps on a new topic or in
search of new facts on an old topic
e.g. Anyone who earns a doctorate is expected to do original research.
Many scientists competed to do original research that might prove or
disprove Einstein’s new theory.
7) work-study job: part-time job on campus
e.g. If you can’t get a work-study job, you should look for a job off-campus.
My work-study job was to deliver inter-office mail on the campus, which
allowed me to meet many interesting people while earning money to
pay for college.
8) on a … basis: 表示副词功能或修饰
e.g. I tutored my friend on a volunteer basis, in other words, voluntarily.
A spy operates secretly, in other words, by obtaining information on a
secret basis.
9) altruistic commitment: a desire to help other people e.g.. Dr. Bethune’s trip to China during the war demonstrated his altruistic
commitment.
His willingness to work with AIDS patients was a clear demonstration of
his altruistic commitment. 3.words and expressions ◆ altruistic adj.
considering of happiness and good of others before one’s own 利他的
authorship n.
name or status of a person who writes a book, a poem, etc. 作者；作者身份
basis n.
foundation 基础 beneficial adj.
helpful 有益的，有用的 constantly adv.
frequently, continuously 经常地，总是
constitute v. to form or make up 构成，组成；成为
discipline n. a branch of learning studied at a university（大学的）学科，科目economics n. the scientific study of the way in which wealth is produced and used 经济学
◆ engaging adj. charming, attractive, appealing 动人的，可爱的；有吸引力的evolve v. to develop gradually by a long continuous process 逐步发展，演变
extraordinary adj. special, unusual 特别的，不平常的
fund v.
n. to provide money for (an activity, organization, etc.) 为…提供资金
a supply or sum of money set apart for a special purpose 基金，专款
ideally adv. in an ideal way or situation 理想地，完美地 independent adj. not needing other things or people 独立的，自立的
◆
instill v. to put (ideas, feelings, etc.) into someone’s mind by continuing effort 灌输（思想、感情等）
intellectual adj. concerning the intellect 智力的
intensive adj. giving a lot of attention or action to a small amount of sth. 集中的；
深入细致的
mode n. a way of behaving, living, operating, etc.（行为、生活、操作等）方式◆
ongoing adj. continuing 继续的
party n. one of the people or sides in an agreement （协议的）一方
passively adv. not actively 被动地；消极地 plug v. to block or fill 堵，塞住
privilege n. a special right or advantage available only to a particular person, class or rank 特有的权利、利益或好处
process n. series of actions or steps used to produce a result 过程，进程
spur v. to encourage to grow or develop 激励，激发
thesis n. a long piece of writing done for a university degree 学位论文
transform v. to change in form, condition, or character 转移；
转换
uniquely adv. unusually 独特地 Phrases and Expressions
be beneficial to be helpful/useful to 有益于 on ... basis 以…为基础
on one’s own by oneself, without help 独自，靠自己 one way or another somehow 想方设法；以某种方式 point out to call attention to 指出 see ... as ... to consider...to be 视…为
transform ... into to change completely into 变成，转换成 Proper Name
Amelia 艾米莉亚（人名）
Arthur Hannah 亚瑟·汉纳（人名） Ralph Edison 拉尔夫·爱迪森（人名） Sophia Stella 索菲娅·斯特拉（人名） 3. Sentence Paraphrasing
1) Students and professor agree that an undergraduate research project can be
uniquely beneficial to both parties.
Students and professors both find undergraduate research helpful.
2) Ideally, undergraduate research is an opportunity for the kind of intensive study
that can expand the mind in ways traditional courses can’t. Undergraduate research allows students to think more deeply for themselves
than traditional courses do.
3) When students see a discipline as evolving rather than fixed, they usually get a
lot more excited about learning.
Students enjoy the process of seeing new knowledge being created.
4) He also describes how creating a piece of original instilled a “pride of
authorship” in his work.
Students are proud when they see their own work becoming part of the new
knowledge created by the research.
5) Usually, these are students pursuing a career that requires some demonstration of
altruistic commitment, such as medicine.
These students have chosen careers which involve helping other people, such as
being a doctor.
Step 3Post-reading Tasks (90mins) (individual work) 1. Summarize the passage
Summary: Undergraduate research is a good way to develop a student’s mind. It can also give the student a head start on a career or even earn the student some money. When doing research the student must work independently, which builds confidence while practicing useful skills. By applying knowledge learned from a book or a classroom to a research project, the student learns much more than could be learned in another way. Mastery of facts is only the beginning of our learning. It’s what we do with them that really matters.
2. Check the answers of the Exe. 4, 5 and 6 3. Assignment
1) Oral Practice---Talk about it 2) General writing--- How I Learn …
Passage B The Best Way to Learn: Creative Emulation
Step 1 Pre-reading Tasks (15 mins)
1.Greetings and a brief revision(individual work)
Ask students present their dialogues according to “Talk About It”
2.Lead-in questions:
In what main way(or ways) do you usually learn? Do you learn a language the same way you learn a sport, a skill or a scientific theory?
When learning something new, what benefits can be found in other people’s successes?
3. Culture notes 1) Pro Circuit
In some professional sports such as tennis, golf, bowling, and track, professional athletes travel from town to town and sometimes from country competing in weekly events. This is called the Pro Circuit or Pro Tour. The major events, such as the U.S., British, French, and Australian Opens in tennis are part of the Pro Circuit.
2) Leading Computer Companies
The two leading computer companies in the world are IBM (International Business Machines) and Microsoft. IBM specializes in hardware, and Microsoft specializes in software. Windows is clearly the dominant software format, and this may be Microsoft’s greatest contribution to the computer industry. The PC (personal computer) was actually pioneered by other companies such as Apple, but IBM has met this challenge with PC's of its own and still dominates the field.
Step 2While-reading Tasks (75mins)
1. Read the text as quickly as possible and try to find the answer to the following
questions:
1) How does the author’s young son learn something new? He emulates what his father does and adds his own creative skills.
2) How did the author reach his goal of playing tennis on the pro circuit?
He creatively emulated those successful players. He read books and magazines for articles on techniques, watched top pro matches on television or videotapes and went to see pros play in person. While studying, he would make
observations and notes.
3) What rewards did the author get by mastering his method of emulation?
He succeeded every time he tried, and started a new business which now includes several complex enterprises.
4) If the author were your teacher in a business or computer class, what would you
expect him to do to help you learn better?
He would try to set a good example for the students, and get the poorer students to emulate the better ones.
5) What do you think of the author’s method of learning? Open. It’s a good way to learn. 2. Language points
1) back issue: issues from previous dates
e.g. I looked at the back issues of the newspaper every day last week.
Our library only keeps the back issues of magazines for five years.
2) in person: directly, face to face
e.g. I can understand your English better in person than I can
on the
telephone.
3) personal journal:a kind of diary, consisting of notebooks, which are usually
not published and may only be used by the author
e.g. She kept a personal journal during her vacation trip to several foreign
cities.
4) consist of: include, as its main parts or aspects e.g. The book consisted of eight chapters. Their diet consisted largely of vegetables. 5) third-string: the lowest status on the team
e.g. Michael Jordan was only a third-string player as a high school
sophomore but now he is a big pro star. 6) pro circuit: the professional tour in any sport
e.g. The pro tennis circuit will have a match in Hong Kong this month.
7) conduct seminars: leading group learning projects which last at least
several hours and maybe several days
e.g. Dr. Cox conducted a seminar on learning strategy at our campus last
weekend.
8) for good: permanently, forever
e.g. Once I learned to like spicy food I liked it for good. I hope we can be best friends for good.
9) …the doers of the world: the energetic and successful people in the world
e.g. The boss knew she was one of the doers in the company
so she could
easily take on a new project.
If your club wants something to be done for sure, you should assign it
to your busiest members – the doers of your group. 10) These went so well that I was able to leave traditional education for good
in 1989.
These were so successful that I could quit my fulltime classroom-teaching job
permanently in 1989. 3. words and expressions
agent n. a person who represents the business affairs of a firm or another person 代理人，代理商
bloom v. to produce flowers 开花
to develop, to flourish, to prosper 发展，成长；茂盛；繁荣 circuit n. a regular journey from place to place 巡回，巡行 clue n. sth. that helps to find an answer to a question 线索，迹象collection n. group 群，组
complex adj. consisting of many closely connected parts 复杂的consultant n. a person who gives expert professional advice to others 顾问convert v. to change (sth.) into another form, state or use 转换
to persuade sb. to change his beliefs（使）改变信仰
▲ emulate v. to model upon, to try to do as well as or better than 仿效；赶
上
emulation n. act of modeling upon 仿效 enterprise n. a business firm 公司，企业
hardware n. machinery which makes up a computer（电脑）
硬件
index n. an alphabetical list at the back of a book, of names, subjects, etc.
mentioned in it and the pages where they can be found 索引 journal n. a diary or other daily notebook 日记，日志 ◆mentor n. adviser and helper (of an inexperienced person) 导师
minor adj. of little importance 次要的
motion n. a single or particular movement or way of moving 动作observation n. action of noticing 观察，注意
periodical n. a magazine which appears at regular times 期刊，杂志
◆ pro n. profession 职业，专业 purchase v. n. to buy 购买
action of buying 购买，采购
rate n. the level of the quality, speed, etc. 级别，等级 second-rate adj. of lesser quality 二流的
seminar n. a small group of students working on usually advanced subjects of their own choosing with the help of a teacher 研讨会
significant adj. of notable importance 重要的，重大的 ◆spreadsheet n. a type of computer software used in formatting documents,
tables and graphics 计算机制表软件
★ subscribe v. to pay regularly in order to receive a magazine or newspaper订购，预定
supplement v. to make addition to 补充，增补
third-string player n. (belonging to) a group of substitute athletes, not the main players on the team 候补或替补队员
string n. alternative person or team esp. in sports 替补或候补队员
▲tournament n. a number of competitions between players, played until the most skillful wins 锦标赛，联赛
touch n. skill 技巧
utilize n. to make (good) use of 利用
videotape n. magnetic tape used to record television pictures and sound 录像带
v. to record sth. on a videotape 录像 Phrases and Expressions
bloom…into… to develop and become 发展成为 consist of to be made up of 由…组成
desktop publishing using special software to produce a book or manuscript 桌面排版系统
follow sb. around to come or go after 跟随 for good permanently, forever 永远，永久 in person directly, personally 亲自
in slow motion making the movements appear slower than in real life以慢镜头play ... back to go through and listen to (sth. that has just been recorded on a machine) 播放（已录好的东西），重播，重放
(on the) pro circuit (belonging to) the professional tour in any sport（参加）职业巡回赛
transition to an action of changing or passing from one state, subject, or place to another 转变，过渡，变迁
Step 3 Post-reading Tasks (45mins) 1. Summarize the passage
Summary:The author has been successful in several different fields, such as academics, sports, computers, and business. In each case he uses the same strategy, which he calls creative
emulation. He finds the people who are already successful and tries to model his behavior on theirs, adding his own personal features. Using this approach he has built a large and successful business. But he also notes that his young son uses the same strategy for learning about daily living. With such a smart father to emulate, this should be no surprise. Students may do likewise by choosing especially successful classmates or teachers as their role models.
2. Check the answers of Ex.12 ,13 and 14 3. Assignments 1)Read Passage B.
2)Review the words and phrases in Passage B Section III Write and Produce (2 periods) Step 1 Revision (10 mins)
Dictation of words and phrases in P assage A and B Step 2 Grammar (35 mins) Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request, recommendation or report of a command. Also, the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to the fact, highly unlikely or doubtful.
Step 3 Practical Writing (40 mins) Practice writing Notice
If you want people to attend your lecture, or some other events, you should put a notice in places where it will easily be seen. The notices should clearly and simply describe the event so readers will easily remember the key details. (sample)
a)Who? b)What? c)When?
d)Where?
e)Any other key facts? Step 4 Assignments (5mins)
Write a notice according the given information.
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