常见的词缀

常见的词缀

常见的前缀 1．否定前缀

un- uncomfortable, unacceptable, in- incomplete, incapable,

im- imperfect, impartial, immortal dis- disable, disadvantage

mis- misplace, mislead, misfortune ab- abnormal

de- deactivate, degrade il- illegal, illiterate ir- irregular, irrelative

mal- malfunction, malnutrition 2. trans — across（横过）through（通过）beyond（那边）from one place to another

transient 短暂的transplant 移植（器官） transaction 交易transition 过渡，转变 transition from A to B transition period transform 完全改变…的外观/特性

transformation(常做陪衬)transfer 传递，迁移translate 翻译transport 运输

3. com-, con- 1、加强语气 2、共同，一起

combine, compete, compromise confirm, conspicuous, concession 4. -tain 1、支撑 2、保持，维持，保留

sustain， retain, maintain 5. re- 再，又，回，反 renew, reshape, refresh 6. uni- / mono- one（一个），sole（单一的）

uniform, unique, unity monotonous （单调的），monopoly （垄断）

7. ex- 向外，超出

expand extend exceed

excessive exclusive(ly) excursion 8. pre-/pro- 前，在前

predominant precede, previous, proceed, prominent, propel 9. magn- 大（large）

magnify(microscope), magnificent,

10. viv- /vit- live, life 生命，生活 Vivid, survive, revive vital, vitamin 11. inter- 在……之间 相互 intervene, interfere

12. man/manu- hand （手工）

manufacture , manipulate，manuscript 13. sci- knowledge

science, scientific, consciousness 14. sub- / sus- 下，次，附属

subsidiary subordinate(to) sustain 15. laps 滑，落

(时间)elapse, collapse 16. spec- / spic- look

spectator, speculate, spectacular, 17.clud（s）-, clos- 关闭shut conclude, include ,exclusive close 18. not- note

notify notion(=idea) notorious 19. homo- same homogeneously

20. simul- together Simultaneously 21. multi— 多，多倍 multiply, multitude 22. contra, contro 相反

Contradiction contrary controversy 23. dict-say, tell, speak

dictate, dictator , dictionary, verdict,

24. per-through

permeate, perplex, permanent, perpetual, 25. ver- truth verify verdict

26. -logy study（学习） science biology psychology 27. -vert / -vers turn

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divert advertise diversify versatile

28. -ics 作抽象名词的后缀，表学科 economics politics physics

29. -ist 表示“人”

pianist geologist typist 30. bio- life

biography biology

31. -ician 从事……专业的人 music → musician

32. -ism ……主义……论（抽象名词） realism Marxism 33. -cid kill

suicide insecticide 34. mort- death

mortal mortality 35. -scrib / -scrip write draw describe inscribe prescribe subscribe description inscription prescription subscription ascription

36. di-/du-/ambi- /bi- two, double dilemma / duplicate / bilateral 37. tri- three triangle

38. bene- good, well, happily benefit beneficiary 39. volu/ volv- roll（滚动）turn(转

动)

evolution revolution involve revolve 40. fer carry（带） produce（生产）

transfer refer fertile

41. phil- love philosophy 42. deca- ten decade 43. cred believe

credible incredible credit

44. cent one hundred century

45. mill / kilo 一千，千分之一

millennium million

kilometer kilogram 46. dom-- master, control domain

dominate, dominant, predominant 47. val 有权力，影响

valid, invalid, valuable, evaluate, prevalent(popular)

48. graph / gram write biography, geography / grammar, telegram

49. equi — 同等，相等 equivalent equilibrium 50. bat beat打

debate combat battle batter battery

51. seg, sect cut

segment, segregate / section intersection

52. plex 折叠 perplex complex

53. en- / -ify make …化

enlarge entitle enrich enable simplify magnify signify

54. sym- / syn- 共同same, 类似 Similar/sympathy/ symptom/symmetry/ syndrome

55 path feeling

pathetic sympathy sympathetic

56. ceed / cess / cede / cest / cur

run

proceed/recession, access, excess, successor precede, recede ancestor current currency excursion occur 57. serv 保存,保护(protect) conserve preserve

58. –able , -ible 可…… respectable, imaginable comprehensible

59. hypo- 下，在…之下 hypothesis hypotension 60. –pel 推

propel, expel, repel, dispel, impel, compel

61. -scend climb

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ascend descend 62. -spir

aspire, inspire, expire, respire, conspire

63. sent, sens- feeling sentimental

sense, consensus 64. grav- 重

grave, gravity, aggravate (grieve)

65.-lev 轻，上升

alleviate, elevate (relieve) 66.-rupt break

bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt

常见的后缀 1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ain, 表示\"……地方的人，精通……的人”American, historian,

2)-al, 表示\"具有……职务的人\" principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示\"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,

4)-ar, 表示\"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler

5)-ard, -art, 表示\"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)

6)-arian, 表示\"……派别的人， ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian

7)-ary, 表示\"从事……的人\" secretary, missionary

8)-ant, 表示\"具有……职责的人\" candidate, graduate

9)-ator, 表示\"做……的人\" educator, speculator(投机者)

10)-crat, 表示\"某种政体，主义的支持者\" democrat, bureaucrat

11)-ee, 表示\"动作承受者\" employee, examinee

12)-eer, 表示\"从事于……人\" engineer, volunteer

13)-er, 表示\"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人\" banker, observer, Londoner, villager

14)-ese, 表示\" ……国人，…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese

15)-ess, 表示\"阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress

16)-eur, 表示\"……家” amateur, littérateur 17)-ian, 表示\"……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician

18)-ician, 表示\"精通者， ……家，”electrician, magician, technician

19)-icist, 表示\"……家， …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist

20)-ic, 表示\"……者，……师\" mechanic, critic 21)-ie, 表示\"爱，指小\" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)

22)-ier, 表示\"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)

23)-ine, ian, 表示\"阴性人称\" heroine, ballerina 24)-ist, 表示\"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者\" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive, 表示\"动作者，行为者” native, captive 26)-logist, 表示\"……学家，研究者\" biologist, geologist(地质学家)

27)-or, 表示\"……者\" author, doctor, operator, 28)-ster, 表示\"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster

29)-yer, 表示\" 从事……职业者” lawyer (2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义

1)-acy, 表示\"性质，状态，境遇\" accuracy, diplomacy

2)-age, 表示\"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称\" courage, storage, marriage

3)-al, a) 表示\"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval

b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal

4)-ance, -ence表示\"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience

5)-ancy, -ency, 表示\"性质，状态，行为，过程\" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

6)-bility, 表示\"动作，性质，状态\" possibility, feasibility,

7)-craft, 表示\"工艺，技巧” woodcraft,

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handicraft, statecraft（治国策）

8)-cracy, 表示\"统治，支配\" bureaucracy, democracy

9)-cy, 表示\"性质，状态，职位，级别\" bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy 10)-dom, 表示\"等级，领域，状态\" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

11)-ery, -ry, 表示\"行为，状态，习性\" bravery, bribery, rivalry

12)-ety, 表示\"性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)

13)-faction, -facture, 表示\"作成，……化，作用\" satisfaction, manufacture

14)-hood, 表示\"资格，身份, 年纪，状态\" childhood, manhood, falsehood

15)-ice, 表示\"行为，性质，状态\" notice, justice, service

16)-ine, 表示\"带有抽象概念\" medicine, discipline, famine

17)-ing, 表示\"动作的过程，结果\" building, writing, learning

18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示\"行为的过程，结果，状况\" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r_r, correction

19)-ise, 表示\"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)

20)-ism, 表示\"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为\" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

21)-ity, 表示\"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

22)-ment, 表示\"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

23)-mony, 表示\"动作的结果，状态\" ceremony, testimony 24)-ness, 表示\"性质，状态，程度\" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or, -our, 表示\"动作，性质，状态\" favor, error,

26)-osity, 表示\"动作，状态” curiosity 27)-ship, 表示\"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership,

friendship

28)-th, 表示\"动作，性质，过程，状态\" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

29)-tude, 表示\"性质，状态，程度\" latitude, altitude(海拔)

30)-ure, 表示\"行为，结果\" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，

31)-y, 表示\"行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3) 带有场所，地方的含义

1)-age, 表示\"住所，地点\" village, cottage 2)-ary, 表示\"住所，场地\" library, granary (谷仓) 3)-ery, ry, 表示\"工作场所，饲养所，地点\" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)

4)-ory, 表示\"工作场所，住处\" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory (4) 带有学术，科技含义

1)-grapy, 表示\"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

2)-ic, ics, 表示\"……学……法\" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology, 表示\"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

4)-nomy, 表示\"……学……术\" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)

5)-ery, 表示\"学科，技术\" chemistry, cookery, machinery

6)-y, 表示\"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy

(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义 1)-age, baggage, tonnage

2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界) 3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁) 5)-ure, legislature, judicature (6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义 1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant

2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报) 3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱) 4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(绸缎) 6)-ing, clothing, matting,

7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment (7) 表示“细小”的含义

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1)-cle, particle,

2)-cule, molecule(分子) 3)-el, parcel

4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket

6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文) 7)-kin, napkin 8)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy 2. 形容词后缀

（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary

7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory

13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的) (2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义 1)-ish, boyish, childish 2)-esque, picturesque 3)-like, manlike, childlike

4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty

(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent, violent,

(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific

(5) 表示方向的含义 1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward (6) 表示“倍数”的含义 1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty

3)-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义 1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese,

3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er, greater

2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest

4)-most, foremost, topmost (10)其他的含义

-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless 3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示\"做成，变成，……化

“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示\"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示\"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示\"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise

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