2023年高考英语真题试卷 (全国乙卷)(含答案及详细解析)

2023年高考英语真题试卷 （全国乙卷）

一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读理解

PRACTITIONERS

Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.

Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.

James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.

Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A．Doing teaching jobs. C．Performing surgery.

B．Being hired as physicians. D．Being banned from medicine.

2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A．She wrote a book. C．She worked as a dentist.

B．She went through trials. D．She had formal education.

3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. C．James Barry. 阅读理解

Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a

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B．Tan Yunxian.

D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.

Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.

Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.

One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.

4．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A．By teaming up with other photographers. B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C．By studying the geographical conditions. D．By creating settings in the corn fields.

5．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A．Proper time management. C．Adventurous spirit.

B．Good shooting techniques. D．Distinctive styles.

6．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D．They had problems with their equipment.

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7．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake? A．Amusing. 阅读理解

What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.

It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.

According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer \"uncool\" for boys to like cooking.

8．What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. C．It lacks authentic tastes.

B．It is rich in nutrition. D．It deserves a high reputation.

B．Satisfying.

C．Encouraging.

D．Comforting.

9．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV? A．Authoritative.

B．Creative.

C．Profitable.

D．Influential.

10．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A．20%.

B．24%.

C．25%.

D．33%.

11．What might the author continue talking about? A．The art of cooking in other countries.

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B．Male chefs on TV programmes. C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters. 阅读理解

If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past

achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 12．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about. C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable.

13．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A．His report was scientific.

B．He represented the local people.

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C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one-sided.

14．What does the underlined word \"conversation\" in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Problem.

B．History.

C．Voice.

D．Society.

15．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World B．A Short History of Australia

C． A History of the World in 100 Objects D． How Art Works Tell Stories

二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 16． , but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.

What are indoor plants?

Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 17． .

Why are indoor plants good for you?

Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, \" 18． . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.\" Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 19． .

Which plants can you grow?

Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. \" 20． .\" Spoelstra says. \"It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.\" A. All plants are different

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B. Not only do they look beautiful

C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding

三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 21． best. She had to 22． her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 23． to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 24． waves on her board. But it was 25． to take the leap (飞跃), however 26． it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 27． about 1,200 miles away from home, to 28． with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 29． and everything was new to her.

As it turned out, Douglas did 30． what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 31． two Russians. The Chinese coach 32． Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 33． , helping her skyrocket from an 34． member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 35． the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 36． the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 37． all along that she would win.

Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team, did not think Douglas had what it 38． to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 39． that she could make the London Games — and win.

\"I'm going to inspire so many people,\" she said. \"I'm ready to 40． .\"And shine she did. 21．A．tried 22．A．take up 23．A．goodbye 24．A．cause 25．A．common 26．A．breathtaking 27．A．dropped out 28．A．reason

B．thought B．pack up B．hello B．observe B．time B．heartbreaking B．moved on B．talk

C．judged C．clean up C．thanks C．ride C．fun C．eye-catching C．pulled over C．compete

D．knew D．do up D．no D．strike D．tough D．head-spinning D．went off D．train

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29．A．met

30．A．approximately 31．A．defeated 32．A．forced 33．A．world 34．A．amateur 35．A．clarifying 36．A．followed 37．A．confident 38．A．viewed 39．A．now and then 40．A．shine

B．helped B．gradually B．pleased B．transformed B．city B．elected B．defending B．organized B．nervous B．appeared B．more and more B．fly

C．understood C．exactly C．respected C．persuaded C．team C．average C．winning C．watched C．excited C．mattered C．far and wide C．dance

D．needed D．possibly D．assisted D．put D．state D．enthusiastic D．demanding D．led D．uneasy D．took D．on and on D．score

四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 41． royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 42． (build) system of ring roads.

But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 43． welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 44． (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.

It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, 45． somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 46． (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47． (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 48． (record) everything I discovered.

The 49． (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50． (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.

五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处

语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

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增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. Mom was sure same color would look great on her. She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying. However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use. At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn't wash out.

六、书面表达（满分25分）

52．学校英报组织同学们分享自己在假期中学到的新技能，请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包

括：

1. 简要描述； 2. 体验和感受。 注意：

1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已为你写好。

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答案解析部分

【答案】1．C

2．A 3．D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇人物类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。

1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，她搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术；以及第三段中的“ She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”1813年，她获得了外科医生的资格，然后加入了英国军队，在海外服役。Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业。可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都能进行外科手术。故选C。

2．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.“1511年，Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活。可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。

3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。

【答案】4．B

5．A 6．C 7．B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中的一些所见所闻。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. ”我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或

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乡村探险，沿途拍照。可知，作者作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。

5．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们是我最好的照片，尽管如果我能做好准备并明智地管理我的时间，它们可能会更好。可推知，依作者之见，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。

6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. ”然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落。可推知，作者在与朋友到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。

7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们是我最好的照片，尽管如果我能做好准备并明智地管理我的时间，它们可能会更好。可推知，作者认为自己在 Devil's Lake 拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。

【答案】8．A

9．D 10．D 11．B

【解析】【分析】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍了英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变传统的英式饮食，并尝

试新的烹饪习惯。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？可知对于英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日周日晚餐，也就是说人们会觉得英国食物简简单单，平淡无奇。故选A。

9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. ”正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉

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两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯；以及“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。可推断英国的烹饪节目在尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D。

10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。也就是说33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D。

11．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer 'uncool' for boys to like cooking.”随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。可推断，下文应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，故选B。

【答案】12．A

13．D 14．B 15．C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了

将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。 12．考查段落大意。根据第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.”如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。可推知，第一段介绍了历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 13．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't.”理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。可推断，

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作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到；以及“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.”在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。可知，作者举例是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。

14．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. ”加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半；以及“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. ”如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。划线词conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。

15．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.”如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有；以及最后一段中的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。可知，本文介绍了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断本文最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。

【答案】16．B；17．D；18．C；19．E；20．G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了室内植物小的相关知识，包括室内植物是什么、能带来

的好处及人们能种植哪些室内植物。

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【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，根据下文\"but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)\"可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but\"不仅……而且……\"结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力

16．根据空后\"but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.\"而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康。此空与之是并列递进关系，not only…but...\"不仅……而且……\"是固定结构，B. Not only do they look beautiful\"它们不仅看起来很漂亮\"能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 17．根据空前\"Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.\"这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天。可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，适合在室内温暖的地方生长。D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer\"相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好\"承接上文，符合语境。故选D。

18．根据空后\"I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.\"我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪。可知，室内植物对人有好处。C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors\"在室内种植植物有很多好处\"承接下文，符合语境。故选C。 19．根据空前\"There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.\"也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质。可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's tongue are among the best\"像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的\"承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，故选E。

20．根据空前\"Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.\"年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一。可知，不同的植物需求是不同的；以及空后\"It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.\"它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding\"了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的\"承上启下，符合语境，故选G。

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【答案】21．D；22．B；23．A；24．C；25．B；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．A；30．C；31．A；

32．B；33．A；34．C；35．C；36．D；37．A；38．D；39．B；40．A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了圆梦个人全能项目的

奥运冠军，远离家乡，和一名来自中国的教练一起训练。最终Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。

21．句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不离开她最熟悉的一切。A. tried\"尝试\"；B. thought\"思考\"；C. judged\"判断\"；D. knew\"知道，熟悉\"。根据空前\"To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything\"；以及下文\"1,200 miles away from home\"离家1200英里远，可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。

22．句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up\"从事\"；B. pack up\"打包、收拾行李\"；C. clean up\"清理\"；D. do up\"梳理，重新装修\"。根据上文\"Gabby Douglas had to leave everything\"和空后\"her bedroom in Virginia\"可知此处指她整理好她的卧室，准备离开，故选B。

23．句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye\"再见\"；B. hello\"你好\"；C. thanks\"感谢\"；D. no\"没有，不\"。根据上文\"Gabby Douglas had to leave everything\"可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，因此此处指与家里的两只狗说再见，故选A。

24．句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause\"引起，造成\"；B. observe\"观察\"；C. ride\"骑，漂浮\"；D. strike\"打击\"。根据空后\"waves on her board.\"可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves固定短语，\"冲浪\"，故选C。

25．句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common\"平民，普通\"；B. time\"时间\"；C. fun\"乐趣\"；D. tough\"粗暴的人，暴徒\"。根据空后\"to take the leap (飞跃)\"可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选B。

26．句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. breathtaking\"激动人心的\"；B. heartbreaking\"令人心碎的，令人伤心的\"；C. eye-catching\"引人注目的\"；D. head-spinning\"头晕的\"。根据上文，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，离开自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选B。 27．句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out\"退出\"；B. moved on\"继续\"；C. pulled over\"靠边停车\"；D. went off\"离开\"。根据空后\"about 1,200 miles away from home,\"

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可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方，故选D。

28．句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason\"推理\"；B. talk\"谈话\"；C. compete\"竞争\"；D. train\"培训\"。根据上文\"To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event\"和空后\"with a coach from China\"可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，可推知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。

29．句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met\"遇到，见过\"；B. helped\"帮助\"；C. understood\"理解\"；D. needed\"需要\"。根据空后\"everything was new to her.\"可知，一切对她来说都是全新的此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。

30．句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately\"大约\"；B.gradually\"逐渐地\"；C. exactly\"准确地，完全\"；D. possibly\"可能地\"。根据下文\"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so\"可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，可知，Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选C。 31．句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated\"打败\"；B. pleased\"使高兴\"；C. respected\"尊敬\"；D. assisted\"帮助\"。根据空前\"what she needed to do to become Olympic champion\"和下文\"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so\"可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。

32．句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced\"强迫\"；B. transformed\"转换，改造\"；C. persuaded\"劝说\"；D. put\"放\"。根据空后\"Douglas into one of the best gymnasts\"可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into...，固定短语，\"使……变成……\"，故选B。

33．句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world\"世界\"；B. city\"城市\"；C. team\"团队\"；D. state\"国家\"。根据下文\"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so\"可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，因此她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选A

34．句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateur\"业余爱好的\"；B. elected\"当选的\"；C. average\"平均的，普通的\"；D. enthusiastic\"热情的\"。根据空后\"member of the national team to the top of the sport\"可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。

35．句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying\"分类\"；B. defending\"打败\"；C. winning\"赢得\"；D. demanding\"要求\"。根据空后\"the Olympic all-around title, she

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became the first black woman to do so.\"可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。

36．句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed\"跟随\"；B. organized\"组织\"；C. watched\"观看\"；D. led\"带领、领先\"。根据空后\"the competition from beginning to end\"可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。

37．句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident\"自信的，坚信的\"；B. nervous\"紧张的\"；C. excited\"兴奋的\"；D. uneasy\"不安的\"。根据空后\"all along that she would win.\"可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢，故选A。

38．句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed\"看待\"；B. appeared\"出现，好像\"；C. mattered\"重要\"；D. took\"需要\"。根据空后\"to be an Olympian\"可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，故选D。

39．句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。A. now and then\"时不时地\"；B. more and more\"越来越......\"；C. far and wide\"广泛地\"；D. on and on\"不断地\"。根据空前\"As time went by\"和空后\"that she could make the London Games — and win.\"可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。故选B。

40．句意：\"我准备好发光了\"。A. shine\"照耀、发光\"；B. fly\"飞行\"；C. dance\"跳舞\"；D. score\"得分\"。根据上文\"I'm going to inspire so many people\"和下文\"And shine she did.\"可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。

【答案】41．to；42．built；43．that / which；44．wonders；45．yet / but；46．Having visited；47．was

amazed；48．recording；49．remarkable；50．means

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一名摄影师，记录了北京的变化，并表示将来

还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。

【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，定语从句，名词，连词，时态语态，形容词，主谓一致以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

41．句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。from..to...，固定短语，\"从……到……\"，故填to。

42．句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。此空与system of ring roads在逻辑上是

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动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作定语，故填built。

43．句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life 是限制性定语从句，先行词为a place，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 44．句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。此处名词作介词宾语，根据空后\"historical buildings of the past\"可知，应用名词的复数，故填wonders。

45．句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前\"It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work,\"和空后\"somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.\"之间存在转折关系，应用but连接，故填yet / but。

46．句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。此空和主语I在逻辑上是主谓关系，结合时间状语over the last 10 years可知，应用现在分词的完成式，故填Having visited。

47．句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。此处是谓语动词，根据空后\"how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.\"可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was amazed。

48．句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.固定短语，\"花费时间做某事\"，动名词作宾语，故填recording。

49．句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。此处形容词修饰名词development of this city，作定语，故填remarkable。

50．意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。此处是谓语动词，根据语境可知，应用一般现在时；主语为development是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。

51．【答案】①his → her ②去掉 with ③choose → chose ④that → whose ⑤same 前加 the

⑥or → and ⑦saying → said ⑧final → finally ⑨washing → wash ⑩truth → true

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的妈妈自己染发的故事。

（1） 句意：上周五，我妈妈决定染头发。此处指\"我妈妈染她的头发\"，应用代词her。故his改为her。 （2）句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面应该直接接宾语，介词with

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多余。故删除with。

（3）句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。 （4）句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。

（5）句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same前常加定冠词。故same前加the。 （6）句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。此处是并列顺承关系，不存在选择关系。故or改为and。

（7）句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。as引导方式状语从句，由语境可知，讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故saying改为said。

（8）句意：然而，她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发，而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got，应用副词，作状语。故final改为finally。

（9）句意：她直接走进淋浴间去洗，但是没有用。此处不定式表目的，应用动词原形。故washing改为wash。

（10）句意：至少有一件事被证明是正确的：这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词，表示\"证明是\"，后接形容词。故truth改为true。

【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及代词，介词，时态，定语从句，冠词，连词，副词，非谓语动词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。

52．【答案】The arrival of the holiday gave me a brief break from the tense study life. Therefore, I decided to

cook dinner for my parents, and they can enjoy a delicious dinner after a hard day's work. But the problem was that I couldn't cook at all.

The first time I cooked, I decided to make a soup by using mushrooms, eggplants and beef. To ensure my success, I first searched for relevant recipes online. After cleaning the materials mentioned above, I cut them into pieces respectively. Next, I put the beef in the boiling water at first and then the mushrooms and eggplants. With the help of the recipes, I finished it within two hours. My parents were greatly surprised when they tried my delicious soup.

I'm proud of myself and confident that I can cook more tasty food in the future. What a perfect holiday!

【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇短文投稿。写作背景：学校英报组织同学

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们分享自己在假期中学到的新技能 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 简要描述；2. 体验和感受。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。

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