武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷27(题后含答案及解析)

武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷27 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. Writing

Reading Comprehension

Before high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how she’d had to clean cake out of the corners of her house after her 2-year-old son’s birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail message that Rugh sent to the 135 students she’s teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nation’s leading online high schools. The school’s motto is “any time, any place, any path, any pace.” Florida’s E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their family’s clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Florida’s southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body. The great majority of Florida Virtual Schoolers—80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they barely passed the first time. The school’s biggest challenge is making sure that students aren’t left to sink or swim on their own. After the school experienced a disappointing course completion rate of just 40 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she calls “relationship-building,” asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped: The completion rate is now 80 percent. Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-face contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite opportunities for online chats, some virtual students say they’d prefer to have more interaction with their peers. Students and parents are quick to acknowledge that virtual schooling isn’t for everyone. “If your child’s not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a nightmare,” says Patricia Haygood of Orlando, whose two daughters are thriving at the Florida school. For those who have what it takes, however, virtual learning fills an important niche. “I can work at my own pace, on my own time,” says Hackney. “It’s the ultimate in student responsibility.”

1． Kimberly Rugh Talked about her son’s birthday party_____. A．with her friends B．with her colleagues

C．in the classroom

D．in an E-mail massage sent to her students

正确答案：D

解析：文章第一段提到，罗芙在开始讲课之前，拿她两岁的儿子过生日的事和同学们开玩笑。又说这不是发生在课堂里，而是在她发给学生的电子邮件中。

2． “Any time, any place, any path, any pace” is_____.

A．what taken as the guiding principle of the Florida Virtual School B．words placed at the beginning of a book or a chapter C．a slogan put on the wall

D．words used in advertisements

正确答案：A

解析：第一段最后提到。罗芙所在的佛罗里达网络学校的办学宗旨是“任何时间，任何地点，任何途径，任何速度”。motto是“座右铭”的意思。但涉及学校，所以是办学宗旨。

3． From this passage, we can find the following facts except that____. A．the students at the Florida Virtual School hail from places in or out of the U.S. B．the students at the online schools can take classes at any time

C．the online schools provide a variety of training from tennis to music D．among the students of Florida Vitual School, there are some very advanced or backward ones

正确答案：C

解析：文章第二段说，网络学校吸引那些需要灵活课程表的学生，其中包括年轻的网球明星和音乐人，并不是指该校教授这些课程。

4． The challenge of the school is_____. A．how to teach the students to swim well

B．how to make the students more active in their learning C．to complete ‘the relationship-building’ ahead of time D．to urge the teachers to go to the office more often

正确答案：B 解析：第三段说，该校最大的挑战是如何确保学生不放任自流，提高结业率。

5． What is the passage mainly about?

A．Online schooling is more convenient and efficient.

B．Online schooling lacks in face-to-face contact and socialization. C．Online schooling is not for everyone. D．An overall estimate on online schooling.

正确答案：D

解析：本文全面阐述了网络学校的优缺点。

The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master craftsmen, had grown selfish and exclusive. Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a new method of making brass, which saved about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since. But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yam would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fullers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.

6． According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?

A．Methods of production B．Appearance of craft guilds C．Increased trade volume

D．Growth of trade, banking and methods of production

正确答案：D

解析：本题中，A、C两项太片面，B项不正确。从文中的“The Commercial Revolution was not confined，ofcourse，to the growth of trade and banking．Included in it also were fundamental changes in methodsof production．(商业改革不仅限于贸易和银行业的增长，生产方式的重大改变也包括在其中。)”可知，正确答案是D。

7． The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means:____. A．popular B．obsolete C．potential D．flourishing

正确答案：B

解析：本题中，A、C、D三项都与文章的意思不符。从后文的“手工艺人只将手艺传给家庭内部成员，不懂得顺应时代发展做出改变，而且，新的产业在手工艺人体系之外蓬勃发展起来”可知，这里填的单词意思应为“下降的”，因此B项为正确答案。

8． According to the article, in which area was it more energy-efficient? A．Smelting industry B．Mining industry C．Banking D．Weaving

正确答案：A

解析：本题中，B、C两项明显不对；“which saved about half of the fuel previously used”修饰的是“makingbrass”，并不是“spinning sheel”，因此D项不对。从文中的“the discovery of a new method of makingbrass，which saved about half of the fuel previously used．”可知，制造黄铜属于冶炼业。因此应选A项。

9． The author implies that____.

A．the guild system was more efficient B．the domestic system was capitalistic

C．the technical advances stimulated the guild system

D．the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system

正确答案：B

解析：本题中，A、D两项与文章的意思相反；C项与文章的意思不符。从文中的“Notwithstanding the pettyscale of production，the organization was basically capitalistic．(尽管生产规模小，家庭工厂已经基本上是资本主义形式的了。)”可知，B项为正确答案。

10． According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.

B．In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners. C．The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.

D．The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.

正确答案：B

解析：本题中，A项与文章第一段倒数第二句话的意思相符；C项与文章第二段第三句话的意思相符；D项与文章第二段最后一句话的意思相符。从文中的“In the case of the woolen industry the yarn wouldbe given out first of all to the spinner，then to the weavers，fullers，and dyer in succession．”可知，B项把spinner和weaver的次序颠倒了。因此B项为正确答案。

And researchers say that like those literary romantics Romeo and Juliet, they may be blind to the consequences of their quests for an idealized mate who serves their every physical and emotional need. Nearly 19 in 20 never-married respondents to a national survey agree that “when you marry you want your spouse to be your soul mate, first and foremost”, according to the State of Our Unions: 2001 study released Wednesday by Rutgers University. David Popenoe, a Rutgers sociologist and one of the study’s authors, said that view might spell doom for marriages. “It really provides a very unrealistic view of what marriage really is,” Popenoe said. “The standard becomes so high, it’s not easy to bail out if you didn’t find a soul mate.” The survey points to a fundamental dilemma in which younger people want more from the institution of marriage while they seemingly are unwilling to make the necessary commitments. The survey also suggests that some respondents expect too much from a spouse, including the kind of emotional support rendered by same-sex friends. The authors of the study also suggest that the generation that was polled may more quickly leave a margin because of infidelity than past generations. Popenoe said the poll, conducted by the Gallup Organization, is the first of its kind to concentrate on people in their 20s. A total of 1,003 married and single young adults nationwide were interviewed by telephone between January and March. The margin of error was plus or minus four percentage points. Respondents said they eventually want to get married, realize it’s a lot of work and think there are too many divorces. They believe there is one right person for them out there somewhere and think their own marriages won’t end in divorce. Since the poll is the first of its kind, researchers say it is impossible to say if expectations about marriage are changing or static. But scholars say the search for soul mates has increased over the last generation—and the last century—as marriage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility. “One hundred years ago, people married for financial reasons, for tying families together, they married for political reasons,” said John DeLamater, a sociologist at the University of Wisconsin. “And most people had children.” Those conditions are no longer the case for young adults like David Asher, a 24-year-old waiter in a Trenton cafe who has been in a relationship for about two years. He wants to wait to make sure he’s ready to exchange vows. “I know a lot of it has to do with financial reasons,” he said. “Maybe if you’re going to have children, marriage is the best bet.” But the main reason for matrimony: “If you’re in love with someone, it’s sort of like promising to them you are in love.” “That’s all well and good,” said Heather Helms-Erikson, an assistant professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. “But passion—partly in endorphin-caused physiological phenomenon—has been known to diminish in time.”

11． What’s the best title of this passage?

A．Marriage Scholars Worry Search for “Soul Mates” is Unrealistic. B．People Should Seek for Romeo and Juliet. C．Marriage Should Happen between Soul Mates.

D．Search for “soul Mates” Should be Superseded by Reality.

正确答案：A

解析：本题中，B、C两项与文章的意思相反；D项与文章的意思不相符。从文中第一段可知，像Romeo andJuliet一样，追求浪漫的人可能对他们追寻理想伴侣的结果是盲目的。后文指出了这种浪漫婚姻的不切实际。所以正确答案是A。

12． The new study in this passage shows that_____.

A．many Americans are very practical when they search for a spouse B．American 20-somethings have a largely romantic view of marriage C．Romantic view of marriage might lead marriage to a happy ending D．Americans are fond of marriage life so they will not care cohabitation

正确答案：B

解析：A项中说“许多美国人在寻找伴侣时是很实际的”，与文意相反，C、D两项在文中并没有提到。因此正确答案为B。

13． It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding marriage?

A．It usually involves idealized mates who can serve their every physical and emotional need.

B．It may not be realized unless the couple consider carefully about their responsibility and commitment.

C．It becomes more unrealistic nowadays than in the past because most people center on romance instead of utility.

D．It results from many reasons such as financial reasons, family reunion, and political reasons.

正确答案：C

解析：本题四个选项中作者对于婚姻最可能同意的观点是C项，即这一代的年轻人很追求婚姻中的浪漫，而过去的人结婚更多的是为实用考虑。

14． Which of the following is NOT one of the differences between this generation and the past generations as far as marriage is concerned?

A．The young people nowadays require more from marriage but they seem not to be willing to make necessary commitments.

B．This generation expects too much from their spouses and they cannot keep to

be faithful to their husbands or wives.

C．The young people at present pay more attention to look for soul mates than the past generations when they search for partners.

D．Now some young people usually marry for the same reasons as the older generations such as financial one and children.

正确答案：B

解析：本题中，C项与文章第十段的意思不符；D项与文章第十一、十二段的意思不符。从文中的“Butscholars say the search for soul mates has increased over the last generation—and the last century-asmarriage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility．”可知，上一代和这一代都已经追求灵魂的伴侣，所以B项不是两代人之间的区别，A项是两者的区别。因此正确答案为B。

15． Which of the following sentences will Heather Helms-Erikon use to illustrate her own argument?

A．Ten years into a marriage, you will still have great passion and you notice someone else and say, ‘Only my wife or’husband is my soul mate.’

B．The romantic part of marriage—while it can be there—should not be substituted by other things such as shared values and social status.

C．The couple should focus on the’three Cs’—communication, conflict resolution and commitment— to make marriage the first priority.

D．Ten years into a marriage, you don’t have that any more and you notice someone else and think, ‘Maybe this person is my soul mate.’

正确答案：D

解析：本题中，A、B、C三项都与Erikson的观点不符。从文章最后一段可知，Erikson说激情这种生理现象会随着时间而减少。所以正确答案是D。

To get from Kathmandu to the tiny village in Nepal, Dave Irvine-Halliday spent more than two days. When he arrived, he found villagers working and reading around battery-powered lamps equipped with light-emitting diodes, or LEDs—-the same lamps he had left there in 2000. Irvine-Halliday, an American photonics engineer, was not surprised. He chose to use LED bulbs because they are rugged, portable, long-lived, and extremely efficient. Each of his lamps produces a useful amount of illumination from just one watt of power. Villagers use them about four hours each night, then top off the battery by pedaling a generator for half an hour. The cool, steady beam is a huge improvement over lamps still common in developing Countries. In fact, LEDs have big advantages over familiar incandescent(白炽的)lights as well—so much so that Irvine-Halliday expects LEDs will eventually take over from Thomas Edison’s old lightbulb as the world’s main source of artificial illumination. The dawn of LEDs began about 40 years ago, but early LEDs produced red or green glows suitable mainly for displays in digital clocks and calculators. A decade ago, engineers invented a semiconductor crystal made of an

aluminum compound that produced a much brighter red light. Around the same time, a Japanese engineer developed the first practical blue LED. This small advance had a huge impact because blue, green, and red LEDs can be combined to create most of the colors of the rainbow, just as that in a color television picture. These days, high-intensity color LEDs are showing up everywhere such as the traffic lights. The reasons for the rapid switchover are simple. Incandescent bulbs have to be replaced annually, but LED traffic lights should last five to yen years. LEDs also use 80 to 90 percent less electricity than the conventional signals they replace. Collectively, the new traffic lights save at least 400 million kilowatt-hours a year in the United States. Much bigger savings await if LEDs can supplant Mr. Edison’s bulb at the office and in the living room. Creating a white-light LED that is energy-saving, cheap and appealing has proved a tough engineering challenge. But all the major lightbulb makers—including General Electric, Philips, and Osram-Sylvania—are teaming up with semiconductor manufacturers to make it happen.

16． From the first paragraph, we can see that Dave Irvine-Halliday_____. A．is a mountain climber

B．went to that village to repair the lamps

C．found the villagers were using the lamps he had given them D．has visited the small village several times

正确答案：C

解析：文章第一段说，当哈利德到达尼泊尔遥远的小村庄时，他发现村民们正用他留给他们的发光二极管的灯来工作和学习。

17． The author implies that villagers liked LED bulbs very much, because they_____.

A．were given by Irvine-Halliday B．are rugged C．are cheap

D．are easily-recharged

正确答案：D

解析：这是一道引申判断题。第二段提到，村民们每晚用电4个小时，然后用脚踏的方式来给电池充电。可以想象，在一个遥远的小村庄，这可能是最理想的充电方式了。

18． What does Irvine-Halliday think of LEDs? A．They are cool and steady, but rugged.

B．They will replace Edison’s lightbulbs someday. C．They are easily maintained. D．They are very cheap.

正确答案：B

解析：第二段接着说，发光二极管比爱迪生的白炽灯具有更大的优越性，所以哈利德期待它能取代白炽灯成为世界的主要人造光源。

19． Which of the following statements does not agree with the facts in the passage?

A．The displays in digital clocks and calculators are just produced by early LEDs.

B．Irvine-Halliday believes that LED will certainly become the world’s main source of artificial light.

C．A decade ago, engineers developed red and blue LEDs, which were regarded as a milestone in this research.

D．It is the blue LED developed by a Japanese engineer that had a great impact on the research process.

正确答案：C

解析：这是一道事实寻读题。第三段说，10年前一位日本工程师研制出了蓝色发光二极管，这个小小的进展具有极大的影响。因为红、绿、蓝是组成彩虹的主要颜色。

20． The passage implies that_____.

A．LED bulbs are still expensive at present

B．the task of making LED the main source of artificial light is too difficult C．LED traffic lights are used everywhere in the world

D．in order to fulfill the task of making LED the main light source, lightbulb makers have to work together with semiconductor manufacturers

正确答案：A

解析：这道题需要分析判断。最后一段说，研制出节能，廉价，美观的白色发光二极管是一个艰巨的挑战。再联想到文章前面提到，美国的交通指示灯换上了节能耐用的二极管，而发展中国家还都用白炽灯。那么新能源的症结就是不廉价，这一判断与选项A相符。

English-Chinese Translation

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 【T1】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual eguipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education, is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism

educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 【T2】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 【T3】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 【T4】In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 【T5】While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

21． 【T1】

正确答案：从传统意义上来看，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师特有的事情，并不是一个受教育的人必须具备的资质。

22． 【T2】

正确答案：另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来——这种联系方式与新闻记者在报道以及评论新闻时根据日常规则形成的联系方式相似。

23． 【T3】

正确答案：然而，“新闻记者应该比普通公民对法律的了解更深”这种观点取决于对新闻媒体既定习俗和特殊责任的了解。

24． 【T4】

正确答案：事实上，要想了解那些没有真正领会《加拿大宪法》的基本特征的新闻记者如何做好政治新闻的报道工作非常困难。

25． 【T5】

正确答案：虽然律师提供的评论和反馈可能强化报道，然而，新闻记者更可取的是依赖自己的价值观，自己做出判断。

Chinese-English Translation

26． 一位负责扶贫工作的官员说，到2004年底，尽管大多数贫困人口将解决温饱问题，还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们，他们还需要政府资助。此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善，因为他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。如果遭受自然灾害的袭击，就可能回到原来的贫困状况。另外，现在的贫困线标准非常低，要使全体中国人过更好的生活，长期的艰苦斗争将必不可少。

正确答案：An official in charge of poverty-relief work has pointed out that by the end of 2004,although the majority of poor people will have resolved their food and clothing problems,there will still be some people living in extreme poverty,who are still in need of the government’s financial support. Furthermore,the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from poverty. These people may fall back into poverty if hit by natural disasters since their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally. Besides,the current standard for the poverty line is quite low,and a long-term hard struggle will be required to ensure a better life for the Chinese people as a whole.

27． 中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知，中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品，但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择：除传统家常菜外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休时间短，人们不愿在吃上花时间，因而各种快捷、便宜的快餐成了人们，特别是年轻人的首选。

正确答案：Many changes are taking place in China’s diet style. As is known to all, China has a long history in her diet culture. Chinese people often spend a lot of time in making all sorts of delicious food by using meat,vegetables,bean products and so on,which is extremely incompatible with the fast pace of modern society. Nowadays we have many varieties of choices:nutrition-balanced and healthy food,convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditionally homemade meal. Because of the short break at noon,people tend to spend less time on lunch. Thus cheaper fast food has become a favorite of Chinese people,especially youngsters.

Writing

28． It is known that more and more universities in China are seeking to increase their enrollment. As a result, more than ever universities are becoming career-oriented. Write a composition “University:Where Will You Go? “with 300

words to give your comment. University: Where Will You Go?

正确答案： University: Where Will You Go? Going with Chinese universities increasing their enrollment, a lot of problems have been emerging. Here is an example. Universities are becoming more career-oriented than ever before. More professional education courses have been added into the curricula and many lectures have been held to enrich the students’ interview skills. It seems that the students will have a brilliant future. However, the fact is that the administrative proficiency in dealing with students’ affairs has declined and the employment of graduates has become more and more difficult. In my opinion, more problems will appear in front of us if all universities become career-training centers apart from the statements above. Our country has a civilization of more than five thousand years, which is an envy of people all over the world. Universities are places in which students learn traditional and modern civilizations of our country. And modern civilization has brought about fundamental changes to the world. Students should be familiar with both of the two kinds of civilization. But if universities became career-training centers and neglected their duties of spreading civilization, what would happen? Besides, as we all know, science and technology have become the first productive forces. In order to develop our country, we have to pay much attention to scientific study. There are a lot of important scientific studies that are carried out in universities. However, if universities all became a career-oriented place, students certainly will be in defect of some fundamental knowledge about scientific study. In such situations, how can we continue carrying out the researches and experiments? In conclusion, universities should attach importance to other education, but should not pay too much attention to career education. Only in this way can universities become more successful and our country become more prosperous.