中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷29 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Writing
Structure and Vocabulary
1． This is only a______agreement: nothing serious concluded yet by far. A．tentative B．local C．decisive D．kidding
正确答案：A
解析：形容词词义辨析。tentative“试验性的，尝试的，暂定的”；local“地方的，当地的”；decisive“决定性的”；kidding“戏弄的，玩笑的”。题中所填的词修饰的是agreement，后文中对这个协议做了说明：真正的还未达成。显然所填的词应当与“真正的”表达的意思相反。故答案为A。
2． Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of______.
A．radiation B．cancer
C．microwaves
D．high temperature
正确答案：A
解析：名词词义辨析。radiation“辐射，放射线，放射物”；cancer“癌症”；microwaves“微波”；hightemperature“高温”。根据句中the nuclear power station提供的语境，只有radiation符合句意。故答案为A。
3． A______refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not form an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.
A．mammoth B．penguin C．mosquito D．mammal
正确答案：D
解析：上下文语义。mammoth“猛犸，毛象，庞然大物”；penguin“企鹅”；mosquito“蚊子”；mammal“哺乳动物”。根据句子中所给的信息：诞生于母体，婴孩时饮用母亲的奶汁，这些都是哺乳动物的特征，本题中所填的词代表这一类动物，所以A不对，B、C两项所提到的动物不具有句子中所表达的物种特征，
也不对。故答案为D。
4． I have to say this, but this coat you’ve just bought is made of______fur; it’s not real mink.
A．coarse B．genuine C．slippery
D．conscientiously
正确答案：D
解析：形容词词义辨析。coarse“粗糙的，粗鄙的”；genuine“真的，纯正的，虔诚的”；slippery“滑的，光滑的”；conscientiously“假冒的”。根据题意说：……你刚买的大衣是……皮：不是真的貂皮。那么与“真貂皮”相对应的是“假的”。故答案为D。
5． It’s amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery______.
A．spontaneously B．simultaneously C．collaboratively D．conscientiously
正确答案：B
解析：副词词义辨析。spontaneously“自然地，本能地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively“合作地，协作地”；conscientiously“良心上地”。本句的意思是“两个独立工作的研究员同时做出同样的发现……”。故答案为B。
6． The government can’t expect the taxpayer to______this company out indefinitely.
A．support B．bail C．redeem D．remove
正确答案：B
解析：固定搭配。bail…out意为“帮助……解决困境”，为固定搭配。故答案为B。
7． These melodious folk songs are generally______to Smith, a very important musician of the century.
A．devoted B．contributed C．composed D．ascribed
正确答案：D
解析：动词词义辨析。devote“投身于，献身”；contribute“捐助，捐献”；compose“写，创作；平静，镇静”；ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。根据句意，这些富于韵律的民歌应该是“归因于”Smith。故答案为D。
8． ______any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true. A．In order that B．Lest C．If
D．Providing
正确答案：B
解析：逻辑关系和固定搭配。lest一般用lest should do这个句型，意为“以免，为不使”。故答案为B。
9． ______my wife’s consistent encouragement I wouldn’t have accomplished my graduate study.
A．But for B．But with C．Except for D．Except that
正确答案：A
解析：词组辨析。but for“要不是因为，如果没有”；except for“除……以外”；except that“除了……之外，只可惜”。根据句意，只有but for符合句意。故答案为A。
10． When cooperating with the American specialists in the States, I ______ myself of the opportunity to improve my English.
A．availed B．allowed C．deprived D．indulged
正确答案：A
解析：固定搭配。avail oneself of sth．为固定用法，意为“使用某事物，利用某事物”；其它选项没有此用法。故答案为A。
11． I was______in my reading, and didn’t at first hear the doorbell ring. A．immured B．immersed C．busy
D．infatuated
正确答案：B
解析：固定搭配。be immersed in为固定用法，意为“专心于，沉浸于……”。故答案为B。
12． Ten minutes later, the police came and______the crowd. A．dismayed B．dispersed C．dismounted D．distressed
正确答案：B
解析：动词词义辨析。dismay“使惊恐，使惊愕”；disperse“使分散，驱散”；dismount“使(掉)下马，取下，卸下”；distress“使痛苦，使悲伤”。根据句意，应该将the crowd驱散。故答案为B。
13． There are______differences between theory and practice. A．legible B．laden C．radical D．medieval
正确答案：C
解析：形容词词义辨析。选项中，能与differences搭配且符合逻辑的形容词只有radical(根本的，基本的，彻底的)。故答案为C。legible“可辨认的，易读的”；laden“装满的，充满了的，苦恼的”；medieval“中世纪的”。
14． Will you______my article to find out whether I’ve made any mistakes? A．look after B．look through C．look up D．look into
正确答案：D
解析：动词词组辨析。根据句中find out的前一个动作应该是“检查”。选项中，look into意为“仔细检查，调查”，符合句意。故答案为D。
15． When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means he had to keep______of current events in the country.
A．account B．trace C．record D．track
正确答案：D
解析：固定搭配和上下文语义。keep track of意为“跟上……的进展，保持与……的联系”，为固定搭配；keep record of意为“记录，记载”，不符合句意。故答案为D。本句句意：住在那个偏远的地方时，收听广播是他了解国内时事的唯一途径。
16． The flashing red light served as a_____ of danger ahead. A．predictor B．caution C．precaution D．prevention
正确答案：B
解析：名词词义辨析。根据句意：闪烁的红灯只能用来“警示”危险，其它不符合逻辑。选项中，caution意为“谨慎，警告”，符合句意。故答案为B。
17． According to the weather forecast, which is usually______, it will snow this afternoon.
A．accurate B．dull
C．awkward D．tedious
正确答案：A
解析：形容词词义辨析。accurate“准确的，正确无误的”；dull“枯燥的，不鲜明的”；awkward“笨拙的，尴尬的”；tedious“冗长乏味的，沉闷的”。根据天气预报通常都比较“准确的”。故答案为A。
18． If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might______it for him.
A．redeem B．amend C．resemble D．appeal
正确答案：A 解析：动词词义辨析。redeem“取回，赎回”；amend“修改，更正”；resemble“像，类似”；appeal“呼吁，申述”。根据句意，如果他父亲not keep up the payments，叔叔可能会替他“要”回来。故答案为A。
19． They made detailed investigations to______themselves with the needs of the rural market.
A．adhere
B．acknowledge
C．acquaint D．activate
正确答案：C
解析：固定搭配。acquaint sb．／oneself with意为“熟悉或了解某事物”，为固定用法。故答案为C。
20． Radar is used to extend the______of man’s senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.
A．validity B．liability C．capacity D．intensity
正确答案：D
解析：名词词义辨析。validity“正当，正确性，确实”；liability“倾向，责任”；capacity“能力”；intensity“(思想、感情、活动等的)强烈，剧烈，紧张”。选项中，能与extend和man’s senses搭配的名词只有intensity，意为“延伸人类感知程度”。故答案为D。
Cloze
Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that need【C1】______A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from【C2】______our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) 【C3】______: If a fire broke out in someone’s home【C4】______faulty wiring, he would not be content with【C5】______putting out the fire. 【C6】______, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a【C7】______. Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with【C8】______self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt, one of two ways: 【C9】______that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a【C10】______that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a【C11】______with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the【C12】______of Mr. Y’s misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is【C13】______of pathological guilt. When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may【C14】______unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right【C15】______having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.
21． 【C1】 A．connection B．correction C．recovery D．repetition
正确答案：B
解析：名词词义辨析。connection“联系”；correction“改正”；recovery“康复”；repetition“重复”。根据句意，不是要发生什么危险就是已经发生了什么需要……。故答案为B。
22． 【C2】
A．underestimating B．displaying C．violating D．deteriorating
正确答案：C 解析：动词词义辨析。原句中keep…from意为“让……不能”。根据句中good判定，后面的意思为“不会让我们violating(违背)自己的价值观”。故答案为C。
23． 【C3】 A．hypothesis B．definition C．experiment D．analogy
正确答案：D
解析：名词词义辨析。hypothesis“假说”；definition“定义”；experiment“试验”；analogy“类比”。根据下文“因接错电线而引起火灾”的例子，可以判断出analogy切题。故答案为D。
24． 【C4】 A．due to B．but for C．with D．under
正确答案：A
解析：逻辑关系。原句中a fire broke out与faulty wiring之间存在因果关系。选项中，能表示因果关系的就是due to。故答案为A。
25． 【C5】 A．devotedly B．primarily C．timely D．merely
正确答案：D
解析：副词词义辨析。devotedly“专心地”；primarily“首要地”；timely“及时地”，正式用语；merely“仅仅”，相当于simply，only。根据句意“他不会……满足于灭火”，可以推断“仅仅”切合题意。故答案为D。
26． 【C6】 A．Therefore B．Rather C．Anyway
D．Consequently
正确答案：B 解析：逻辑关系。根据上下文判断，本句与上文构成对比关系。选项中，rather意为“反之，相反地”，用于对比，符合题意。故答案为B。
27． 【C7】 A．distress B．renewal C．conflict D．recurrence
正确答案：D
解析：名词词义辨析。根据句意，feel guilty时，应作必要的调整来防止“重现”，也和文章一开头的needs correction“需要改正”相照应。选项中，recurrence(重现)符合要求。故答案为D。
28． 【C8】 A．low B．exalted C．sincere D．much
正确答案：A
解析：形容词与名词搭配。句中，self-esteem意为“自尊，自负”。low“贬低的，低微的”，可修饰self-esteem；exalted主要指人的地位“高贵的”；sincere主要形容人、感情以及行为“真心诚意的”；much也能和self-esteem形成搭配，意思是“自尊心比较强”。根据下文中的feelings of guilt判定，low符合句意和逻辑。故答案为A。
29． 【C9】 A．Imply B．Admit C．Deny D．Argue
正确答案：C
解析：动词词义辨析。根据句中done wrong与protect his fragile ego形成相反的意思，空格应填入表示否定意思的词。选项中，只有deny(否认)符合要求。故答案为C。
30． 【C10】 A．prescription B．communication C．confirmation D．perception
正确答案：C
解析：名词词义辨析。prescription“药方，处方”；communication“通信”；confirmation“证实，确定”；perception“感觉，知觉”。这里还是谈论自卑的人的感觉，他们自己肯定自己就是一文不值或者不可救药。故答案为C。
31． 【C11】 A．contact
B．disagreement C．relationship D．concern
正确答案：B
解析：名词词义辨析。contact“接触”；disagreement“分歧”；relationship“关系”。根据后文angrywords判定，此处是指“与Mr．Y之间有分歧”。故答案为B。
32． 【C12】 A．cause B．origin C．cure D．witness
正确答案：A
解析：上下文语义。根据下文caused the misfortune信息判定，cause(原因)符合句意。故答案为A。
33． 【C13】 A．record B．proof C．evidence D．description
正确答案：C
解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中and连接词判定，空格应填入与thinking意思同类的词。选项中，只有evidence(证明，证据)最符合上下文语义，意为“这是不合逻辑的想法，是一种病态负罪感的证据”。故答案为C。
34． 【C14】 A．attach to B．turn to C．lead to D．take to
正确答案：C
解析：动词词组辨析。attach to“与……有关联”；turn to“求助于”；lead to“导致”；take to“产生好感，染上习惯”。根据句意，能与consequences搭配的动词词组只能是lead to，意为“导致不理想的后果”。故答案为C。
35． 【C15】 A．at B．in C．as D．for
正确答案：B
解析：固定搭配。right的意思很多，和介词搭配时，介词多放在它的前面。介词在其后面的情况也有一些，right in搭配，意为“在……是正确的”。故答案为B。
Reading Comprehension
As individuals, we are inherently more limited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our own single perspectives. We are only one person-looking at the world from one place one history one pattern of knowing. A community, on the other hand can see things through many eyes, many histories and many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity. Communities are wise to the extent they use diversity well. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful
truths emerge. So they engage in that interplay, that dialogue — a creative controversy or consensus process that winds its way to wise public judgment. The best government is that government which enables communities to do this — to nurture and utilize their wisdom and resources — especially their diversity — in such a way that they require less and less government. A community that can manage itself in a wise and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they can’t depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating each other’s power. They know that leaders work must be seen as living extensions of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive “followership” abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alienated power. A democratic community grows beyond dependence and paternalism. In a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has “come of age”. Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context with others, drawing on its inner resources(its diverse members)and relating responsively and creatively with its environment.
36． The writer believes that individuals______.
A．are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourceful B．are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circle C．can focus on one history or one aspect of knowledge
D．must decide whether or not to take advantage of the diversity
正确答案：A
解析：细节推断题。根据题于关键词individuals定位到原文首段首句。原句中的are inherently morelimited than a community与选项A对应。故答案为A。
37． The writer compares individuals and communities in order to______. A．argue that communities are wiser than individuals
B．criticize community’s lack of friendliness and perspective C．prove that each has its own merits and advantages
D．show how community wisdom comes from individuals
正确答案：D
解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词compares individuals and communities定位到原文第二段。原句中的creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity与选项D对应，原句中的it指代前文中的Acommunity，与选项D中的community重现。故答案为D。
38． According to the passage, the best truth comes when______. A．all different communities are equally smart
B．the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole community
C．people of various opinions work together in a productive way
D．people hold debates and put on plays to find out the wise judgment
正确答案：C
解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词the best truth与原文第三段第二句中的most comprehensive andpowerful truths对应，据此定位答案。原句中的the cooperative，creative interplay of the viewpoints与选项C对应。故答案为C。
39． It can be concluded that the best government is one______. A．that guides communities to make wise judgment
B．that encourages communities to work for the government
C．that makes use of community’s wisdom and diversity to perform its function D．that leaves governing to the wisdom of communities and governs least
正确答案：D 解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词the best government定位到原文第四段。原句中的to nurture andutilize their wisdom and resources与选项D中的leaves governing to the wisdom of communities对应；原句中的less and less government与选项D中的governs least对应。故答案为D。
40． According to the passage, in a democratic society______.
A．collective wisdom is employed in the management of the community B．government is regarded as useless and unnecessary
C．leaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide people D．people are allowed to do whatever they want to do
正确答案：A 解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词democratic society定位到原文第五段第三句。原句中的leaders work best in partnership with each other，co—creating each other’s power与选项A对应。故答案为A。
41． In the last paragraph, the phrase “come of age” is closest in meaning to______.
A．arrival of a new time B．reaching maturation C．being advanced
D．catching up with the trend
正确答案：B
解析：语义题。根据come of age后的“Movements for democracy…the maturation process of a culture．Amature society knows how to handle…”可以推断，come of age指的是“成熟”。故答案为B。
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a
perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine’s “intelligence” on the details of its own perceptions — its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent. Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists’ theoretical assumptions that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context — what happens if the axioms are relaxed — is thereby ignored. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
42． The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to do which of the following?
A．Indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines.
B．Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving. C．Compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmers. D．Provide one definition of intelligence.
正确答案：B
解析：作者意图题。作者在原文首段借用大家所熟悉的computing machines作为例子来帮助考生更好地了解theoretical mathematics的特点。故答案为B。
43． It can be inferred from the text that scientists make which of the following assumptions about scientific arguments?
A．The literal truth of the arguments can be made clear only in a mathematical context.
B．The arguments necessarily ignore the central question of scientific investigation.
C．The arguments probably will be convincing only to other scientists. D．The premises on which the arguments are based may change.
正确答案：D
解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词arguments定位到原文尾段。原文尾段中的the assumptions与选项D中的premises为同义替换，尾段中的is based are slightly changed与选项D中的are based maychange对应。故答案为D。
44． According to the text, mathematicians present a risk to scientists for which of the following reasons?
A．Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists.
B．Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists.
C．Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts. D．Scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue.
正确答案：C
解析：细节推理题。根据题干中的关键词risk定位到原文第三段第七句。原句中danger后面的同谓语从句，可以推断出本题的正确选项是突出“theoretical assumptions are facts”的选项C。
45． The author suggests that the approach of physicists to solving scientific problem is which of the following?
A．Practical for scientific purposes. B．Detrimental to scientific progress. C．Unimportant in most situations.
D．Expedient, but of little long-term value.
正确答案：A
解析：细节推理题。根据题干中的关键词physicists定位到原文第二段第三句。通过阅读本句以及它的前后句，尤其是它后面的第二段的尾句中的very healthy skepticism与选项A中的practical对应，因为practical是一个表示肯定的词语。故答案为A。
46． The author implies that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that
A．mathematicians are better able to solve problems than tists are scien
B．changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments
C．well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experiments D．some factors in most situations must remain unknown
正确答案：D
解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词healthy skepticism定位到原文第二段尾句，该句中的指示代词this暗示本题的真正答案信息来源在第二段的倒数第二句，倒数第二句中的invisible与选项D中的unknown对应。故答案为D。
As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware of, and more observant to the body language(motions/gestures)that surround us each day. And as many of us cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective and powerful “silent language” of gestures. Without gestures, our world would be static and colorless. The social anthropologists, Edward T. Hall claims 60 percent of all our communication is nonverbal. In that case, how can we possibly communicate with one another without gestures? The world is a giddy montage(蒙太奇)of vivid gestures — the ones used by traffic police, street vendors, expressway drivers, teachers, children on playground and athletes with their exuberant(热情洋溢的)hugging, clenched fists and “high fives”. People all over the world use their hands, heads, and bodies to communicate expressively. Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words — maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter, or punctuating a business presentation with visual signals to airport ground attendants guiding an airline pilot into the jet-way or a parent using a whole dictionary of gestures to teach a child. Gestures are woven into our social lives. The “vocabulary” of gestures can be at once informative and entertaining ... but also dangerous. Gestures can be menacing, warm, instructive, or even sensuous. Bear in mind that some gestures are in general use, but there may always be exceptions. In recent years, Western and contemporary values and ideas have become more popular and have either influenced, altered, and even replaced some of the more traditional gestures. Understanding human behavior is tricky stuff. No two people behave in precisely the same way. Nor do people from the same culture all perform exactly the same gestures and body language uniformly. For almost any gestures there will probably be a minority within a given nationality who might say, “ Well, some might attach that meaning to it, but to me it means ...” and then they will provide a different interpretation. In the world of gestures, the best single piece of advice is to remember the two A’s — “ask” and be “aware”. If you see a motion or gesture that is new or confusing, ask a local person what it signifies. Then, be aware of the many body signs and customs around you.
47． What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To dramatize the diversity of body language.
B．To emphasize the necessity of an excellent command of body language. C．To highlight the existence of body language. D．To explain the word “gesture”.
正确答案：B 解析：段落主旨题。原文首段首句提到随着地球村的不断缩小以及文化的不断冲突，我们所有人都有必要对于每天包围我们的大量的动作、手势等身体语言更敏感，更多些意识与观察。由此可见，作者在“强调掌握身体语言的必要性”。故答案为B。
48． The “silent language”(Para. 1)refers to_____ . A．the language used by deaf and mute people B．the language used by the retarded C．verbal communication D．body signs
正确答案：D
解析：语义题。silent language(无声的语言)在本文中显然是指身体语言，即“body signs(身体讯号)”，而非verbal communication(有声的交流)。显然，这种无声的语言也不是A项“聋哑人的语言”或B项“智障者的语言”。故答案为D。
49． The word “punctuating” in Paragraph 3 probably means______. A．criticizing B．interrupting C．correcting
D．complimenting
正确答案：B
解析：语义题。punctuating意为“中断、打断(演说等)”，词义完全等同于interrupting。故答案为B。
50． Which of the body language can be interpreted as sensuous? A．Two drivers on a freeway spitting at each other. B．A policeman giving road directions.
C．The liquid body movement of a Hawaiian hula dancer. D．An open-armed welcome or a bear hug.
正确答案：C
解析：细节判断题。题干中的sensuous意为“诉诸感觉的，性感的”，选项C(夏威夷呼啦舞者充满动感的舞姿)一定是很煽情的。而选项A(高速路上两个司
机的互相指责)，选项B(交警的指路)，以及选项D(张开双臂或拥抱)都不太可能给予人们感官的刺激，很难说是sensuous。故答案为C。
51． According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．More than half of all our communication is based on body language. B．Without body language we can not communicate at all. C．Same gestures always express same meaning.
D．Traditional gestures have been replaced by Western ones.
正确答案：A 解析：细节判断题。根据原文首段第四句60 percent与选项A中的More than half对应，原句中的ofall our communication与选项A重现，原句中的is nonverbal与选项A中的is based on body language对应。故答案为A。选项B、C、D项的说法都过于绝对。
52． What can we learn from this passage? A．Body language is static and colorless. B．Body language can be very amusing.
C．Body language is universal therefore the interpretations of it are always identical.
D．No one can communicate without body language.
正确答案：B
解析：细节推断题。根据原文第四段第二句中的entertaining(娱乐性)与选项B中的amusing(有趣的，好笑的)为同意替换。故答案为B。选项A、C皆与文中内容相悖；选项D(离开体态语斋的话没有人能交流)又过于绝对。
American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started in England; jazz and rock music preserve African rhythms — to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as “ 100 percent American” came from other cultures. Still, most of the changes in American culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries. And change has been dramatic. One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today — a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing — were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering(基因工程)was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and(for many Americans)prosperity. The American economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls(民意调查)taken in the 1950’s and 1960’s show that the average American was
preoccupied with the questions “will I make a good living?” “Will I be successful?” and “Will I raise successful, happy children?” Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and “keeping up with the Jones”. Most Americans believed that if they played by the rules — if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer — they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children. An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible(可触知的)signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off.
53． Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? A．There is no 100 percent American culture.
B．American culture has never been influenced by other cultures. C．America borrowed the idea of democracy from the ancient Greeks.
D．Inventions and discoveries caused the changes within American culture.
正确答案：B
解析：细节判断题。根据原文首段首句话指出not been immune to cultural influences from outside，言外之意是“美国文化深受外来文化的影响”。B项中的never been influenced与原文矛盾。故答案为B。
54． The principal purpose of this passage is to______. A．talk about the American culture in transition B．criticize the American culture
C．state the absurdity of American culture D．talk about the inventions and discoveries
正确答案：A
解析：主旨题。原文首段讲述的是外来文化对美国文化的影响，尾段讲述的是现代的发明与发现导致了美国文化内部的变化，由此可见文章的主要目的是要讲述处在变化中的美国文化。故答案为A。
55． The American economy has become the strongest in the world mainly because of______.
A．the spectacular scientific and technological advances B．people’s hard working
C．learning from other cultures D．the industrial revolution
正确答案：A
解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词economy，the strongest定位到原文尾段第七句。具体的原因在第六句。原句中的spectacular scientific and technological advances与选项A重现。故答案为A。
56． The phrase “keeping up with the Jones” in Paragraph 2 means______. A．working as hard as the Jones B．trying to get whatever Jones have C．setting up an ideal
D．making enough money to support the family
正确答案：B
解析：语义题。keeping up with the Jones意为“赶上琼斯家”，言外之意“琼斯家有的你也要有”。故答案为选项B“努力获得琼斯家有的一切”。
57． In the 1950 ‘s and 1960’s Americans were convinced that______. A．they would succeed sooner or later
B．they would have everything the Jones had
C．they would become successful if they worked hard D．their children would go to college
正确答案：C
解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词In the 1950’s and 1960’s定位到原文尾段第八句。原句提到1950’s和1960’s美国人认为只要自己努力工作，只要自己为家庭和雇主作出奉献，他们就会得到回报，如生活水平不断提高，找到心爱的人，培养出有出息的孩子等，即他们会获得成功的。选项A、B、D说得过于绝对。故答案为C。
58． Can you predict what this article will continue to discuss in the forthcoming paragraph?
A．The influence of African culture.
B．The American culture changes in 1970’s. C．The influence of American culture.
D．The development of science and technology.
正确答案：B
解析：细节推理题。原文的主题是变化中的美国文化，尾段提到1950’s和1960’s普查中显示的美国人的文化意识，因此接下来作者很可能要讲美国70年代的文化变化。故答案为B。其它选项与本文的主题不符。
Most parents prize the diversity within their children’s public schools. They know that learning to cooperate and excel in a diverse, real-world setting is a key to success in the 21st-century workplace and marketplace. But how “diverse” and “real-world” is a school that does not have any minority teachers? The bad news today is that some 40 percent of America’s public schools have no teachers of color. The good news is that we have an opportunity to recruit and encourage more Americans of color to enter the teaching profession. And our success in doing so can have a powerfully positive impact on student achievement. Obviously, a teacher’s effectiveness depends, first and foremost, on his or her skills and high expectations,
not on the teacher’s color. Yet we also know that children of color — 40 percent of the student population and rising — benefit in important ways by having some teachers who look like them, who share similar cultural experiences, and who serve as role models demonstrating that education and achievement are things to be respected. Bear in mind that teachers do not teach only facts and “content”. They also model appropriate behaviors and teach by personal example. And for many children, the teachers and other adults in their school are the most important authority figures outside of their home. So it is important to expose children to a diverse teaching staff — and to diverse role models — within each of our schools. Where we have an urban school with an all-minority staff or a suburban school with an all-white staff, we are giving students a stunted educational experience. Issues of diversity are especially relevant today, as public schools are redoubling their commitment to raising standards and closing achievement gaps. We need to seize every opportunity to boost the achievement of poor and minority students. I believe — and an impressive body of research confirms —that recruiting and retaining more minority teachers can be crucial to our success. NEA has made it a core strategic priority to increase the recruitment and retention of teachers of diverse backgrounds. Beyond NEA’s own programs, we are joining with other organizations to create the National Collaborative on Diversity in the Teacher Workforce. But we can’t do it alone. States and school districts need to develop programs to assist teacher’s aides — large numbers of whom are minorities — to advance their education and become fully licensed teachers. Other programs can reach out to minorities still in school, offering encouragement and incentives to enter the teaching profession. At the same time, states must ensure that relevant tests do not bar promising minority candidates from entering the profession.
59． In a school______, students will learn how to survive successfully in a competitive society.
A．of high quality teaching professionals B．of excellent academic background C．with various cultures D．with adequate funding
正确答案：C
解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词learn定位到原文首段第二句。原句中的a diverse，real—worldsetting是指“一个多元的、真实世界的环境”，也可以理解为“一个有着多元文化和现实世界相差无几的环境”，与选项C对应。故答案为C。
60． The typical indicator of a diverse and real-world school is that______. A．it has teachers from various regions in the world B．it has students from various regions in the world C．it has teachers of different races
D．it has a powerfully positive impact on student achievement
正确答案：C
解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词diverse，real—world，school定位到原文第二段首句。原句提到一个没有少数族裔教师的学校如何才能做到“多元”和“真实”呢?因此可断定，作者所谓的多元化，是指学校里来自各民族的老师给学校带来的多种文化传统。故答案为C。
61． In a less diverse school, students’ education experience may be______. A．restricted B．boring C．pleasant
D．unforgettable
正确答案：A
解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词a less diverse school与原文第五段尾句中的all-minority staff对应，据此定位答案。原句中的stunted(阻碍……的正常生长或发展的)与选项A中的restricted含义相近。故答案为A。
62． It can be learned from paragraph six that______.
A．there are achievement gaps between majority and minority students B．there are achievement gaps among poor and minority students
C．public schools are trying their best to bridge achievement among minority students
D．public schools are trying their best to widen the gaps among majority and minority students
正确答案：A
解析：段落归纳题。原文第六段两个中心点分别为：少数民族学生与白人学生之间存在着学习成绩的差异，政府正致力于弥补这种差异。故答案为A。
63． To encourage the minorities to enter the teaching profession, states must______.
A．give them financial support
B．improve the method of testing minority candidates C．set up teachers training department
D．simplify the criteria for assessing minority teachers
正确答案：B 解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词enter the teaching profession定位到原文尾段尾句。原句中的relevant tests与选项B中的testing对应，各州还要确保相关的考试不要将少数族裔的教师应聘者拒之门外，说明高水平的考试已是少数族裔无法进入教育界的一大障碍。故答案为B。
64． The information given in the passage reflects______. A．the gap between white and black students B．the diversity in American education C．racial discrimination in America
D．great achievements in American education
正确答案：C 解析：细节推理题。原文第二段提到美国学校教育存在的一个问题即缺少多元文化，也就是教师队伍中少数族裔教师缺乏，这从侧面反映出美国种族歧视问题。同时原文尾段尾句说到各州还要确保相关的考试不要将少数族裔的教师应聘者拒之门外，也反映出这一点。故答案为C。文中没有说到黑人学生，故选项A不对；选项B是说美国教育中的多元化，故不对。
Between 5, 000 million and 4, 000 million years ago the Earth was formed. By 3, 000 million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria like creatures to prove it. 【R1】______Nobody knows what happened, but theorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self replicating entities, i. e. something equivalent to “genes” in the general sense. The atmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today on other planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructed these ancient conditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in a flask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge(simulated lightning), organic substances are spontaneously synthesized. These include the building blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like this happened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a “soup” of prebiological organic compounds. 【R2】______ Today the most famous self replicating molecule is DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widely thought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life because its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, which could not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has been described as a “high-tech” molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself. Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles in living cells, was the original self replicating molecule. Or perhaps the primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether. 【R3】______Variants that were particularly good at replication would automatically have come to predominate in the primeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately, would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever-increasing efficiency among replicating molecules. As the competition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone to the ones that happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self preservation and their own rapid replication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of the natural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of their capacity to build for themselves efficient devices(cells and multi-cellular bodies)for their own preservation and reproduction. 【R4】______ Fossils were not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly 600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may
date back 530 million years, according to fossil evidence — primitive, lawless fishes with fins, gills, and fishlike muscle patterns — found in China in 1999. Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million years ago. 【R5】______ Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches of reptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types that we see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems to have been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of the dinosaurs, million years ago.A. Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe finned and lung bearing fish about 250 million years ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by various kinds of animals that we loosely lump together as reptiles.B. Once self replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwinian natural selection could have begun: variation would have come into the population because of random errors in copying.C. It is not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup. The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self replicating molecules, molecules capable of copying themselves.D. Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind — the vertebrates, the mammals, and the primates — these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life.E. Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been long enough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as the vertebrate body and the insect body.F. Some time between these two dates — independent molecular evidence suggests about 4, 000 million years ago — that mysterious event, the origin of life, must have occurred.
65． 【R1】
正确答案：F
解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在首段中。上文提到两个时间和两个事件，下文则谈到没有人知道发生了什么。由于上文给出的是确定的说法，而下文讲述的是不确定的情况，而且其出现的关键是下文提到的理论家认为的自我复制单位的自然出现。只有选项F提到了生命起源的概念。
66． 【R2】
正确答案：C
解析：上下文语义。本题空格出现在第二段末，应承上启下。上文主要介绍了化学家们发现了有机物质的产生，从而猜测古代地球正是以这种方式形成了生命起源以前的“有机汤”。下文则开始介绍自我复制分子DNA和RNA。选项C是过渡句，前部分承上，后部分启下。
67． 【R3】
正确答案：B
解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在段中。上文足对自我复制分
子DNA和RNA的介绍，指出RNA更可能是最初的自我复制分子，当然也可能是其他种类的分子。下文指出，特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始“有机汤”中占主导地位。选项B提到达尔文进化自然选择理论，正是下文内容的综述。
68． 【R4】
正确答案：E
解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在段末。上文提到，接下来的进化过程是复制分子(或称为基因)自然淘汰的继续。空格处内容应弥补这个信息空白。选项中只有E提到，30亿年的时间里，动物产生了有椎骨的身体，恰当地衔接了上下文。
69． 【R5】
正确答案：A
解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在段末。上文提到脊椎动物的大量出现，下文提到哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物的两个分支中衍生出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，又形成了今天我们见到的丰富的动物类型。之间有时间上的跨越。因此预测空格处应弥补这种信息上的空缺，既承接上文，又能够引出下文。因此选A。
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes. 【R6】______Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees. 【R7】______But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few years, several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are picked up in the weekly collection. In the paper published last year Fullerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible use of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the schemes benefits did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme. 【R8】______ This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlottesville fell by a modest 14% . 【R9】______The
one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted away. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, as many citizens were already participating in Charlottesville’s voluntary recycling scheme. 【R10】______To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litters, or raise fines for littering, or cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection.A. True, the number of bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage — about 40% more into each container.B. This looks like the most basic of economic misunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more.C. City authorities are now considering a project to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what rubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the city’s waste treatment.D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incentives sometimes produce unforeseen responses.E. Less pleasing still, some people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, observing that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal dumping may account for 30% — 40% of the reduction in collected rubbish. F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills one.
70． 【R6】
正确答案：F
解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在段中，应起到承上启下的作用。上文先提到一个现象。可见，整个段落内容围绕垃圾收集的经济费用展开，上文最后停留在普通家庭是付费的，下文转折后也指出是应该付费的。两者在逻辑上是一致的，因此空格处的内容若想承接下文的转折，只能和上下文都存在转折关系。选项F符合逻辑需要。
71． 【R7】
正确答案：B
解析：上下文语义。本题空格出现在段首。下文出现转折逻辑词but，代词this回指上文内容。选项中从经济学角度看待垃圾收集问题的选项有B和D，其中部出现了特征词economic。其次空格上文指出，产生的垃圾越多，需要耗费的人力、财力就越多。B选项提到，看起来如果垃圾处理免费的话，人们将会生产更多的垃圾。
72． 【R8】
正确答案：A
解析：上下文语义。本题空格出现在段末，应承上启下。窄格处的内容也应符合这个主题，即说明向家庭收费的方式效果不佳。符合该内容的有选项A。A选项直接提到tags(标签)，指出使用标签收费后，表面上垃圾袋少了，实际上是每个垃圾容器里塞的垃圾多了。这当然是在说明收费方式并没有多大实际效果。此外选项A也使下文的内容明朗起来。
73． 【R9】
正确答案：E
解析：上下文语义。本题空格出现在段首。上文提到，在C镇收集的垃圾重量下降了14％，可见它依然在延续上文话题：使用标签的收费方案。符合这一主题的选项有A、B、E。A、B很容易被排除。
74． 【R10】
正确答案：D
解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。本题空格出现在段首。空格上文提到，收费和人们对垃圾回收利用的增加之间没有太大关系，真正的原因是很多市民参与到主动回收利用的方案中去了。下文举例说明减少垃圾倾倒的方法。可见，上下文之间出现了转折。
English-Chinese Translation
【T1】Determined to make it on his own, Bush did not tell his father that he was ‘applying to Harvard Business School.【T2】The “West Point of Capitalism” was not inundated with applicants in the anti-business early 70s’, so Bush got in, despite mediocre grades that kept him out of his first choice of grade schools, the University of Texas Law School. Bush posed as a redneck rebel at Harvard, wearing his National Guard flight jacket and cowboy boots and chewing tobacco as he sat at the back of the class, spitting into a paper cup. 【T3】But he showed early signs of the self-discipline that would become more characteristic as time went on. He kept up with the grueling casework, particularly in a course called Human Organization and Behavior. Here were formal lessons in organizing and managing people that Bush had only intuited as an Andover cheerleader. He developed his basic approach to leadership at Harvard’s training ground for future CEOs. The essence was to think Big Picture, don’t get caught in the details, delegate and decide. 【T4】Bush whizzes through briefing books today, preferring to listen rather than read, but his friends say he has an ability to cut to the chase. If Bush seems less substantive than a Bill Clinton — or an Al Gore — he can blame a Harvard education. 【T5】Bush hardly mentions Harvard today. He loathed what he saw as the university’s liberal, intellectually pretentious atmosphere. On weekends at the home of his aunt Nancy Ellis, who lived in Boston, Bush railed against the “smugness” of Cambridge. He pined to get back to Texas. While Bush’s
classmates headed for Wall Street, Bush went to look for a job in the oil Patch, again following his father whose portrait hangs in Midland’s Petroleum Hall of Fame.
75． 【T1】
正确答案：布什决心自己做成这件事，因此没有告诉父亲他在申请哈佛商学院的就读资格。
76． 【T2】
正确答案：布什成绩平平，未能进入他的第一志愿德克萨斯法学院。但由于70年代初兴起了抵制商业浪潮，没有太多人申请西点商学院，因此他进入了商学院。
77． 【T3】
正确答案：但他却显示出了自律的性格特点，这一特点随着时间流逝将会更加显著。
78． 【T4】
正确答案：如今，布什喜欢迅速浏览简报，他更喜欢听而不喜欢看，但他的朋友们说他有能力迅速切入主题。
79． 【T5】
正确答案：布什如今很少提及哈佛大学。他厌恶这所大学自由和自命不凡的氛围。
Writing
80． Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the space provided on your ANSWER SHEET.TOPIC Love on campus is no more a rarely seen phenomenon nowadays. Most of the college students are having or once had loving experience in their campus life. Is it appropriate to have a campus love while putting the study aside? Or is it an indispensable part of college life? What is your opinion?
正确答案： Love on Campus Life in college is drastically different from that in high school. More free time and fewer classes lead to popularity of finding boyfriends or girlfriends. Campus love is somewhat a pre-performance for seeking for one’s spouse and marriage. I maintain the opinion that there are varieties of love on campus and each has its distinctive characteristics. To begin with, the
first type places emphasis on the process of love itself instead of the result. Most students of this type only want to experience the unique feeling between two young hearts when they fall in love. Actually, such kind of love is prevailing to some extent, through which, they would get to know each other better and establish a stable relationship. There is a Chinese saying that we are just to acquire an experience of love but not an ever-lasting marriage. College students are around 20 years old and it is still too distant for them to get acquired what is the real concept of marriage itself. The second type is focused on studying rather than spending time wandering on campus. Such students have already realized the importance of study while they still have boyfriends or girlfriends in their spare time. They well balance the relation between love and study and achieve in both aspects at length. I really appreciate this type of campus love which is sensible and calm. The last type is quite open-minded boys and girls who lack moral ethics while they fall in love with each other. As the advancement of modern times and foreign cultures, many students have walked away from the traditional virtues in love and finally leave a negative effect on campus. They often turn a deaf ear to suggestions from parents and teachers and indulge in their own private domain. Campus love is a two-edged sword which brings benefit and harm as well. It all depends on how you regulate it. The brilliant student is the one who can put study first. Generally speaking, campus love is immature in some way in prime age, when one has to be equipped with knowledge and thoughts.
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