1.be busy/enjoy/avoid doing sth. 忙于/喜欢/允许做某事 例如:
Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.林涛正忙着做飞机模型。
My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。
He managed to avoid being punished.他设法逃脱了惩罚。
2.fill...with...用......装满......;be filled with......充满了......;be full of 充满......
be filled with 说明由外界事物造成的此种状态,表示被动。例如:
The box is filled with food.盒子里装满了食物。
be full of 说明主语处于的状态,此外,还可以表示程度,意为“非常”,例
如:
The patient’s room is full of flowers.那个病人的房间摆满了花。
The young man is full of pride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。
这两种结构还可以相互改写,例如:
I fill the box with food.=The box is full of food.
3.be good/bad for 有利于/有害于......
此句型是:be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如:
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的健康有益。
Always playing computer games is bad for your study.总玩电脑游戏对你的学习不利。
4.be used to (doing) sth.习惯于......后面必须跟动名词或者名词,可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态,be 可用 get,become 来代替。例如:
He is used to living in the country.(He is used to the life in the country.)他习惯于乡村生活。
He will get used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。
注意:be used to do 的意思是“被用来做......”例如:
Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。
5.both...and...两者都......
用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时,其后谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both he and his parents agree with the idea.不论他还是他父母都同意这一想法。
6.as...as 和......一样 中间必须用形容词或者副词原级。例如:
This classroom is as big as that one.这间教室和那间一样大。
He runs as fast as Tom.他和汤姆跑的一样快。
否定结构:not as/so...as,“不如......”,上面的两个句子可分别改为
This classroom is not as/so as large as that one.这间教室不如那间大。
He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.他跑的不如汤姆快。
7.as soon as 一......就
用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来时,例如:
I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。
He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。
8.can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.他的笑话太有趣了,我们禁不住笑了起来。
9.sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费了某人多少钱
此句型的主语是物。cost 一词带的是双宾语,它的过去式、过去分词和原形一样。
The book cost me five yuan.这本书花费了我五元钱。
10.either...or...不是......就是......,或者......或者......
用来连接两个并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
Either she or I am right.=Either I or she is right.不是她对就是我对。
11.enough(for sb.)to do sth.足够......做......
在此结构中,for 用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on.这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面可以走的程度。
12.feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
此处 like 为介词,后面跟动词-ing 形式,此句型与 would like to do sth.同义。例如:
I feel like drinking a cup of milk.我想喝一杯牛奶。
13.feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth.认为某事......
在此结构中 it 为形式宾语,不定式短语做真正的宾语。 例如:
I find it very interesting to play football.我认为踢足球很有趣。
14.get ready for sth./to do sth.“为某事做准备”“准备做某事”
They are getting ready for the meeting.他们正在为会议做准备。
We were getting ready to have a sports meeting at that moment.他们那时正准备开运动会。
15.get/receive a letter from 收到......的来信 相当于 hear from 例如:
Did you receive a letter from John? 你收到约翰的来信了么?
I got a letter from my brother yesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。
16.had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事
had better 为情态动词,其后需要动词原形。had better 常用缩写,变成’d better,其否定形式是在其后直接加 not。例如:
We had better go now.=We’d better go now.我们最好现在走吧。
You’d better not go out because it is windy.今天刮风,你最好别出去了。
17.have sth. done 使(某事)完成(动作由别人完成)
We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
18.help sb.(to)do sth./with sth.帮助某事(做)某事 (to 可以省略)例如:
I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。
Would you please help me (to)look up these words?请你帮助我查查这些词好么?
19.How do you like...?=What do you think of...?你认为......怎么样?
How do you like the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样?
20.I don’t think/believe/that...我认为/相信......不...... 其中 not 是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移)。例如:
I don’t think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。
I don’t believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不会来了。
21.It happens that...碰巧......相当于 happen to do 例如:
It happened that I heard their seceret.=I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。
22.It’s/has been+一段时间+since 从句 “自从某时起做某事已经一段时间了”该句型中 since 引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:
It’s twenty years since he came here.他来这儿已经 20 年了。
It has been six years since he maried Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。
23.It is +adj./n.+for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说......
it 是形式主语真正的主语是不定式 to do sth. 例如:
It’s not easy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。
24.It is +adj./n.+of sb. to do sth.“做某事某人真......”
it 是形式主语,to do sth.真正的主语,当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时,常用介词 of 而不用 for,表示某人具有某种性格、品质,例如:
It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座,非常有礼貌。
25.It seems/appears (to sb.)that...(在某人看来)好像......
此句中 it 是主语,that 引导的是表语从句。例如:
It seems that he is lying.看样子他好像是在撒谎。
26.It is +数词+meters/kilometers long/wide ... “......是多少米(公里)长(宽)”用来表示物体的长(宽、高),如数词大于一,名词要用复数,例如:
It is 20meters long from this end to that end.从这端到那端有 20 米长。
27.It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的时候了
It 是形式主语,to do sth.真正的主语,例如:
It’s time for the child to go to bed.孩子该睡觉了。
28.It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费了某人多长时间
it 是形式主语,to do sth.真正的主语 例如:
It took the old man three days to finish the work.那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。
29.keep(on)doing sth.一直坚持做某事
keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词,keep on doing sth.“继续不停做某事”一般用于动态动词,但二者的区别并不是很严格,有时可以互换。例如:
Don’t keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做这样的傻事了。
He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。
30.keep...from doing sth.阻止......做某事
相当于stop...from doing sth. prevent...from doing sth.在主动句中,stop和prevent后面的 from 可以省略,但在被动结构中 from 不可以省略。例如:
Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。
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