阅读理解
Teenagers who drink alcohol are at higher risk of becoming victims of violence, a Cardiff University study has found.
A team from the School of Dentistry’ s Violence Research Group studied drinking habits in children aged 11 - 16 in England. They found not only a link between drink and violence but also that children who drank were more likely to be hit, even if they weren’ t violent themselves.
The researchers are now calling for measures to prevent alcohol misuse to reduce injury risk. Current policy focuses on reducing aggression but this research shows that there should be equal effort to reduce victimization.
More than 4,000 children were surveyed at 13 schools at four local authorities in the North, the Midlands, London, and the South. The study found that 25% of 11-year-olds were drinking monthly and 3.6% daily, with 12.8% admitting to getting drunk 3 to 5 times a year. By the age of 16, 40% were drinking weekly and 6.2% were drinking every day. The research also showed 22.6% of 16-year-olds were getting drunk more than 21 times a year.
The study, which has just been published in the Journal of Adolescence, found a strong link between frequency of drinking and frequency of hitting other people. However, children who reported drinking monthly were also three times more likely to be hit. Adolescents who drank but didn’t get into fights were more likely to be hit than those who did fight.
Professor Jonathan Shepherd, who led the research, said a lot of previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders rather than the victims. His team is calling for more prevention work from parents and teachers in the first two years of secondary school by taking advantage of the “teachable moment”，that is, immediately after a student has missed school because of drunkenness. Previous work by Professor Jonathan Shepherd has shown drinkers may be more at risk
of violence because of reduced physical co-ordination, poor decision-making in threatening situations and isolation while out late at night.
He said, “This new study seems to be the first to show a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization. There now needs to he much more effort put into reducing alcohol misuse in order to reduce injury.”
【文章大意概括】 本文介绍了一项关于青少年酗酒的研究。该研究发现，酗酒的青少年更容易成为暴力的受害者。
1. The main idea of the passage is that teenagers who drink alcohol________. A. often offend other people B. often become injured
C. are more likely to become victims of violence D. are more likely to fight with others
【详解剖析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Teenagers who drink alcohol are at higher risk of becoming victims of violence”可知答案为C。 【最佳选项】 C
2．The underlined word “aggression” in the third paragraph probably means “________”．
A. violence B. sad feelings C. bad manners
D. drunkenness
【详解剖析】 词义猜测题。根据上下文尤其是本句后半句可知，aggression与victimization意思相反，所以aggression是“暴力行为”的意思。 【最佳选项】 A
3．The research argues that more effort should be made to________. A. reduce aggression B. prevent fighting C. reduce victimization D. prevent drinking alcohol
【详解剖析】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中的“this research shows that there
should be equal effort to reduce victimization”可知答案为C。 【最佳选项】 C
4．Drinkers may be more at risk of violence because of all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. reduced physical co-ordination B. isolation while out late at night
C. a higher frequency of hitting other people D. poor decision-making in threatening situations 【详解剖析】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知答案。 【最佳选项】 C
5．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Professor Shepherd’ s research?
A. The frequency of children getting drunk increases with age.
B. His previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders. C. Some children missed school because of drunkenness.
D. This new study shows a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization. 【详解剖析】 细节理解题。B项偷换概念，原文为“a lot of previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders”，这些研究不一定就是这位教授以前的研究。
【最佳选项】 B
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(2012·四川眉山一诊) Tomato Festival
Started in 2005, the Tomato Festival has grown into a local tradition in Malta. In recent years, the festival has added amusement parkstyle rides and a yearly
Creature Feature, which screens old horrible movies.There are also dance competitions, parades and pancake breakfast.Third weekend in August. Address: 833 Tinkham Rd, Fountain Park, Wilbraham, Massachusetts 01095 Phone：(413)5990010
Brat Days
Don't mistake this festival for a day filled with poorly behaved children. Begun m 1953, the gathering is the biggest festival in the city each year and features more than 50 stands (摊位) selling the sausage, as well as a contest to see who can quickly eat the most bratwurst (德国式小香肠) in ten minutes.Early August.
Address: 17th and New Jersey sts, Kiwanis Park, She boygan, Wisconsin 53081 Phone: (920)4579491
Hope Watermelon Festival
The festival dates back to the 1920s, when many trains went through this small town and local watermelon growers would sell their watermelon to parched travelers.These days, the festival sees a Watermelon Queen crowned(加冠的) and sometimes a worldrecord watermelon grown.There are also more than 300 stands selling arts and crafts from a sixstate area, as well as a car show and the Watermelon Olympics.Early August.
Address: 108 W 3rd St, Hope, Arkansas 71801 Phone: (870) 7773640
Oyster Festival (牡蛎节)
Featuring appearances from tall ships and oyster boats, this festival has regularly drawn 60,000 visitors a year since it began in 1978.More than 3,000 volunteers (志愿者) make the festival possible each year.Norwalk is less than a twohour drive from many of New England's larger cities, making it easy to attend the festival during a trip to New York or Hartford.Weekend after Labor Day.
Address: Sea view Ave, Veteran's Park, East Norwalk, Connecticut 06855 Phone: (800) 8667925
文章大意：本文主要介绍了国外四种节日起源的时间，不同的庆祝方式、时间和地点。 56．Which of the following festivals has the longest history? A.Oyster Festival.
B．Hope Watermelon Festival. C.Brat Days. D．Tomato Festival.
答案：B 对比归纳题。从文中可以得到各个节日的起源时间为：Oyster Festival 1978年；Hope Watermelon Festival 20世纪20年代；Brat Days 1953年；Tomato Festival 2005
年．故B项的历史最长。
57．The underlined word “parched” in the third passage means________. A.tired C．thirsty
B．hungry D．excited
答案：C 猜测词义题。西瓜最好的特性是“甘甜解渴”。故反推得C。
58．In which of the following activities can you enjoy the frightening films? A.The Creature Feature B.The Watermelon Olympics C.The Eatingbratwurst Contest D．Dance Competitions
答案：A 细节理解题。只有Tomato Festival中的第二句提到，其中的the Creature Feature里放old horrible movies“旧的恐怖电影”。
59．If it is August 15 today this year, you might still attend____. A.Brat Days
C.Hope Watermelon Festival
B．Oyster Festival
D．Tomato Festival
答案：D 推理判断题。几个节日的日期只有Tomato Festival是在8月的第三个星期，在8月15日之后。
******************************************************************结束 阅读理解
Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.
Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.
The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.
Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different
sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle. When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled—they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.
As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.
1. Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate________. A. children’s and adults’ eye-sight B. people’s ability to see accurately C. children’s and adults’ brains D. the influence of people’s age
【详解剖析】 考查细节理解能力。第二段第二行可以得出结论。 【最佳选项】 B
2. When asked to find the larger circle，________.
A. children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around B. only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around C. children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around D. adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around 【详解剖析】 考查细节理解能力。第三段清晰地说明了辨别圆圈的比例。 【最佳选项】 C
3. According to the passage, we can know that________.
A. a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background B. an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size C. a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size D. a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size
【详解剖析】 考查细节理解能力，对第四段整体的理解和第五段最后一句可以得出答案。 【最佳选项】 D
4. Visual context may work when children get older than________. A. 4 C. 10
B. 6 D. 18
【详解剖析】 考查推理判断能力。从第五段和第六段第一句判断得出答案。 【最佳选项】 B
5. Why are younger children not fooled?
A. Because they are smarter than older children and adults. B. Because older people are influenced by their experience. C. Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older. D. Because their brain can hardly notice related things together. 【详解剖析】 考查推理判断能力。第四、五、六段提及到4区别是判断的依据。 【最佳选项】 D
(2012·太原调研)
If it really is what's on the inside that counts, then a lot of thin people might be in trouble.
Some doctors now think that the internal fat surrounding important organs like the heart liver could be as dangerous as the external fat which can be noticed more easily.
“Being thin doesn't surely mean you are not fat”， said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College.
6岁小孩和6岁以上小孩的
Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create “fat maps” showing where people store fat.
According to the result, people who keep their weight through diet rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits of internal fat, even if they are slim.
Even people with normal Body Mass Index scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside.Of the women, as many as 45 percent of those with normal BMI scores (20 to 25) actually had too high levels of internal fat.Among men, the percentage was nearly 60 percent.
According to Bell, people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat.They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat.Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere.
Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes(糖尿病)．They want to prove that internal fat damages the body's communication systems.
The good news is that internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet.“If you want to be healthy, there is no shortcut.Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle，” Bell said.
文章大意：研究发现，表面瘦的人，内脏不一定不胖。而内脏的胖瘦才是关键的。 60．What is this passage mainly about? A.Thin people may be fat inside. B．Internal fat is of no importance. C.Internal fat leads to many diseases. D.Thin people don't have diabetes.
答案：A 主旨大意题。由前两段可知，本文讲的是瘦人可能内脏肥胖，这也很危险。 61．Doctors have found________. A.the exact dangers of internal fat B.being slim is not dangerous at all C.internal fat is the cause of heart disease D.being slim doesn't mean you are not fat inside
答案：D 细节理解题。由第三段“Being thin doesn't surely mean you are not fat”可知，表面瘦并不意味着内脏瘦。
62．From the last paragraph, we can find that ________. A.internal fat leading to disease has been proved
B.thin people usually have internal fat even if they are slim C.it is easier to burn off internal fat than external fat
D.exercise plays an important role in people's life for keeping healthy 答案：D 主旨大意题。由最后一段可知，锻炼在人们保健中起着重要的作用。 63．The underlined part “shortcut” in the last paragraph means________. A.a long road C．a clear difference
B.an easy way D．a short distance
答案：B 猜测词义题。要想保健，你必须锻炼。没有“捷径”可走。 *****************结束***************结束*************结束
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