观察下列从Reading中选取的句子
①This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
②The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow brown colour like honey. ③Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. ④This was a time when the two countries were at war.
⑤There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
[自我总结] ①⑤为 定语从句，与主句之间有逗号；②③④为 定语从句，与主句之间无逗号。
【答案】 非限制性 限制性
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 区别 形式 功能 限制性定语从句 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 非限制性定语从句 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开 对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果去对先行词作附加说明，去掉后，句精选
掉，剩余部分的意义便不完整、不子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确 明确 先行词 引导词 翻译 名词或名词性词组 所有的关系代词/副词 常译成前置定语 名词、名词性词组或整个主句 除that和why之外的关系代词/副词 常译成并列分句 She has found the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 She is working hard，which everyone can see. 她工作一直很努力，这是大家有目共睹的。
【提示】 并非只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，可用who，whom或whose来引导；先行词指物，可用which，whose来引导；先行词表时间或地点，可用when，where来引导(它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语)。
二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1．as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。
2．as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
3．as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all，as everybody can see，as is expected等。
He did the experiment successfully，as had been expected. 正如期望的那样，他试验做得非常成功。 He failed in the experiment，which was unexpected. 他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。 Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·江苏高考)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
精选
A．where C．what
B． which D． when
【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。
【答案】 B
2．(2013·山东高考)There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.
A．as B．that C．when D．where
【解析】 考查定语从句。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。
【答案】 A
3．I am going to the airport to meet my uncle tomorrow morning， he will be back from abroad.
A．who C．where
B． when D． which
【解析】 when为关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tomorrow morning；when在从句中作时间状语。
【答案】 B
4．The reason he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn't give him an invitation earlier.
A．how C．why
B． which D． because
【解析】 句意：他拒绝出席会议的原因是他们没有提前邀请他。he refused to attend the meeting是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故用关系副词why引导，why在从句中作原因状语。
【答案】 C
5．The place I visited last summer is just the place I spent my childhood.
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A．that；where C．where；where
B． that；that D． where；that
【解析】 句意：今年夏天我去参观的那个地方就是我童年待的地方。分析句子结构可知，第一个定语从句的先行词为the place，从句中缺少visited的宾语，用that/which引导，亦可省略；第二个定语从句的先行词为第二个空前的the place，从句中缺少状语，用where引导，故A项正确。
【答案】 A
6．The newly－built cafe，the walls of are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
A．that C．what
B． it D． which
【解析】 从句子结构看，cafe后面为非限制性定语从句，因此只能选择which作the walls of的宾语，表示“咖啡馆的墙壁”。the walls of which相当于whose walls。
【答案】 D
7．John said he'd been working in the office for an hour， was true. A．he C．which
B． this D． who
【解析】 指代主句中he'd been working in the office for an hour这一情况，因此只能选择which，在从句中作主语。
【答案】 C
8．American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently.
A．who C．about which
B． as D． with whom
【解析】 talk作“交谈”讲时，是不及物动词，后接宾语须与适当的介词连用。定语从句的先行词是人，应构成talk with sb.，此处将介词提前。
【答案】 D
9．He took the machine to show every detail of its operation.
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A．as C．away
B． apart D． back
【解析】 句意：他把机器拆开，让大家看操作的每个细节。take apart“拆开”，符合句意。take...as“把……看作”；take away“拿走，带走”；take back“收回”。
【答案】 B
10．(2011·浙江高考)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after C．since
B． while D． when
【解析】 句意：一个周五，我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时(突然)……”，是常用结构，故选D项。
【答案】 D Ⅱ.句型转换
1．It is known to us that Taiwan is part of China. → ，Taiwan is part of China.
2．This is the room which/that my grandmother used to live in. →This is the room ．
3．Her sister teaches us English，and she will go abroad next year. →Her sister， ，will go abroad next year. 4．We saw a film last night.It was very interesting.
→The film saw last night was very interesting. 5．He failed in the exam.It made his parents very angry. →He failed in the exam， very angry.
6．I have lost the pen.My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday. →I have lost the pen for my sixteenth birthday. 7. The book is worth reading.He paid 6 yuan for it. →The book is worth reading.
8．She is a teacher of much knowledge.Much can be learned from her.
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→She is a teacher of much knowledge ．
【答案】 1.As is known to us 2.in which/where my grandmother used to live 3.who teaches us English
4．that/which we 5.which made his parents 6.that/which my father bought 7.for which he paid 6 yuan
8．from whom much can be learned.
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