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精细化学品与精细化工的发展

2023-01-14 来源:年旅网
精细化学品与精细化工的发展

(湖南师范大学精细催化合成研究所)尹笃林

1、精细化学品作用的新认识 1.1 满足人们的感观需求

视觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉、听觉 1.2 满足人们养护自我和改善生活的需求

护肤护发、驱避蚊虫、美容化妆、杀菌净水、医药卫生 1.3 满足文化传播的需求

纸张品质、印刷油墨、影像材料 1.4 满足信息传播的需求

磁性记录、液晶显示、芯片制作、光导传输 1.5 食品保质和加工

保鲜、防腐、抗氧化、膨化、营养强化、 1.6 修饰表面和改变界面

涂料、胶粘偶联、油水相溶、消除静电、塑料阻燃、织物整理 1.7 改变物相间的作用 1.8 改变化学反应速率

加速化学反应、延缓化学反应 1.9 质量检验与法规监督

化学试剂、标准试剂、防伪标识 1.10 促进高新技术发展

2 精细化工技术发展中的绿色化学原理 2.1 Prevention

It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created. 2.2 Atom Economy

Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.

2.3 Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses

Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 2.4 Designing Safer Chemicals

Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity. 2.5 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used. 2.6 Design for Energy Efficiency

Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure. 2.7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks

A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable. 2.8 Reduce Derivatives

Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste. 2.9 Catalysis

Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents. 2.10 Design for Degradation

Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

2.11 Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention

Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

2.12 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention

Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

3 精细化学品发展中的可持续性战略思考与湖南师范大学的实践 3.1 充分利用可再生资源

生物质催化深度加工成精细化学品 催化氧化合成精细化学品 3.2 节能与利用太阳能

固体酸固定床催化松节油三相水合制α-松油醇技术的开发 日光转换剂与转光农膜的开发 3.3 催化合成新技术研究 分离与提纯专用吸附和清除树脂 新反应与新方法

3.4 通用和专用化学试剂系列产品

3.5 三层四类的学科平台与计量认证合格的服务中心 博士专业:有机化学、分析化学

硕士专业:有机化学、分析化学、物理化学、高分子化学与物理 无机化学、工业催化、应用化学、药物分析学 本科专业:化学、应用化学、化学工程与技术、制药工程 湖南师范大学分析测试中心(CMA)

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