主谓一致
（＊*）主谓一致的概念。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式)。 （一）主谓一致的种类 一、【语法一致】
1。 He and she _____both students of this school。 （2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物， 或者指同一概念的时候， 谓语要用单数. The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance。 The knife and fork ____on the table。 2. 如果主语是不定式， 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数. When he is coming seems very important. Collecting stamps is his hobby。 To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。。 3。 定语从句的关系代词who， which, that在从句中作主语时，要与〈先行词>的人称和数保持一致. Those who enjoy singing may join us。 Tom, who is your friend, should help you. 如果句子中有这些连接词（with, along with， together with, as well as， besides， like, without, except, but， including)和主语连用，谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化. The teacher， together with his students， is planting trees in the street。 二、[意义一致原则］ 指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有 的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。） 1中心词为all, most， some, any, none作主语，谓语动词视情况而定。 All of the apples ____rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了. All of the apple ____rotten. 整个苹果都烂了. None of the money_____ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _____ there. 没有学生在那里。 2。 the rest of； half of； part of； majority of； percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。 Half of the students _____finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple ____bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school ____boys。 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生. 3. 集合名词作主语， 动词可用单数， 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时， 动词则用复数.这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team， group。 His family ____going out。 他们全家要外出。 His family ____all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。 4. 某些名词如people, police， cattle等，形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外. The police are searching for a thief。 The cattle are eating grass on the hill。 5。 复合不定代词作主语， 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ，somebody， something， anybody, anyone， 1 anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one， nothing。 Someone is asking for you。 Nothing is found in the room. 6。 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如：glasses, clothes， trousers， shoes， compasses, chopsticks， scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词\"构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 The pair of shoes is worn out。 这双鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。 7. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics， news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数. Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 8。 不定代词each, every， no所修饰的名词<即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时〉，谓语动词仍用单数形式。every。。。 and every ..。； each .。. and each .。。; no ... and no ..。 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词， 整个短语在句中作主语时， 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman is asked to attend。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent。 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功. No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。 9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数； 以the number of 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk。 The number of students in you class is 50。 10。 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样， 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer， fish, sheep， Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful。 不是每种方法都好使. Not all means are useful。 不是所有的方法都好使。 11.如果主语有more than one（很多 非常）或many a（许多)构成，one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式: More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there。 但是，“more +复数名词+than one\"结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。 More members than one are against your plan。 A pair of shoes was on the desk。 Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 12。 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时， 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel。 三、［就近原则] either .。. or; neither 。.。 nor; not only ... but also， whether..。or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 Neither you nor I am wrong。 There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table. Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. [注意事项］ 1。 this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) ， 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) （这一类人）， 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。 2 This kind of men is dangerous。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 2。 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致.例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture. 3。 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of， heaps of， half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如: Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three—fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women。 4。 a （large） quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词， 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here。 quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。 Quantities of food （nuts） were on the table. （短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”.) a great deal of， a large amount of， 修饰不可数名词， 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时， 谓语动词通常用复数。例如: 5. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式， 但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table。 。 6。单复数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之,谓语用复数形式。这类名词有:sheep， deer， means(方法、手段)，works(工厂）,species（种类） 7。在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture。 练习一 1。Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people B。 hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples 2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting。 A. is handing out B. are to hand out C。 are handing out D。 is to hand out 3。 I， who ______ your close friend， will try my best to help you out of trouble。 A. am B. is C。 are D。 be 4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all. A。 is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C。 are to hold; is D. are to be held； is 5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up. A. were; it B. are; them C。 was; it D。 is; them 6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city。 A。 is exploited B. are exploited C。 had exploited D. have exploited 7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now。 A. is B。 was C. are D。 were 8。 Mathematics _______ the language of science。 A. are B. are going to be C. is D。 is to be 3 9。 Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country. A。 is B。 are C. was D。 were 10。 ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C。 Has D。 Is 11。 What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books。 A。 is B. are C。 have D. has 12。 The whole family _______ TV attentively。 A。 are watching B。 is watching C。 is seeing D。 are seeing 13。 Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday。 A. was B. were C. have been D。 would be 14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A。 were B. was C。 is D. sits 15. If law and order ______， neither the citizen nor his family is safe。 A。 are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D。 have not been preserved 16。 There ______ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D。 has been 17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all。 A。 going to be B。 / C。 is D。 that 18。 Seventy—five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water. A. is covered B。 is covering C。 were covered D. are covered 19. The following ______ some other mental diseases。 A. being B. are C。 was D。 were 20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D。 were 21。 “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite's history。 A. have told B. tells C。 were told D. was told 22. You and I _____ twin sisters。 A。 were B。 are C. is D. am 23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers. A. are telling B。 is telling C. are given D。 were given 24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time。 A。 rots away B. rot away C. has rotted away D。 are rotted away 25。 Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly—built stadium。 A. is cleaning B。 are cleaning C。 were cleaning D。 have cleaned 26。 Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B。 knows C. is known D。 are known 27。 The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away。 4 A。 were B。 has been C。 had been D. was 28。 “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’?” “______ .” A。 Nobody of us has B。 Nobody of us have C。 None of us has D。 None of us did 29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position. A。 were advancing B. were advanced C。 was advancing D。 advancing 30。 Everyone， men and women， old and young ______ sports and games. A。 is enjoy B。 were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy 练习二 1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China。 A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2。 The secretary and manager ____very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting。 A。 has B. have C. are D. was 4。 Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party. A。 was B. were C。 have been D. had been 5。 Either you or I _____going to the teachers’ office after class. A。 am B。 is C。 are D. will 6。 Most of his spare time ____spent in reading。 A. are B。 were C. was D。 have been 7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D。 have 8。 Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A。are B. is C. were D. have 9. About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday. A。 are B。 is C。 were D . was 10。 Mr Smith， together with his children， ____arrived. A。are B。 has C. is D。 have 11. It ____I who _____leaving for London。 A。is…is B. am…is C. is…am D。 am…am 12. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television. A。 are B. were C。 be D。 is 13。 When and where to build the new factory ____yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C。 has not decided D。 have not decided 14。 Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest ______。 5 A. are difficult B。 has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D。 have been found difficult 15。 That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all。 A。 is B。 was C. are D. were 16。 Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day。 A。 are B。 were C。 is D. was 17。 Mathematics ____the language of science. A。 are B. are going to be C。 is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary。 A。 have B. has C. there is D。 there are 19. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B。 has C。 there is D。 there are 20. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building. A。 stand B。 stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing. A.is B。 are C。 have been D。 had been 22。 No one except my parents _____anything about it. A。 know B。 knows C. is knowing D。 have known 23. A number of students _____from the south。 A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north ____small。 A。are B. is C. have D. has 25。 Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most， A.is B. are C. was D。 were 26. His \"Selected Poems\" _____first published in 1965。 A.were B. was C。 has been D. are 27。 Miss Smith is a friend of ______. A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C。 Mother's of Mary 28。 A good deal of money ____spent on books. A。 have B。 has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall _____ two large portraits. A. hangs B。 hang C。 hanged D. hanging 30。 _____turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D。 Leaves 31. Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble. A。 an advice B. advice C。 advices D. the advices 32。 All but one ____here just now. 6 D. Mary mother's A. is B。 was C. has been D。 were 33。 The number of people invited _____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons. A。 were; was B。 was; was C。 was; were D。 were; were 34. The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories。 A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D。 has often made 35。 Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B。 allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36。 The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave. A。 are B。 is C。 has been D. are being 37。 ____can be done _____been done. A。 All； have B. All that; have C。 All; has D。 All that; has 38。 John has two brothers， but either ____out of work now。 A. are B。 is C. has D. have 39。 The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C。 are searching for D。 were searching 40。 Apples of this kind ____. A. tastes good B。 tastes well C。 taste good D。 taste well 41。 Your trousers ____dirty, you must have _____washed。 A. is； it B. are; it C. are; them D。 is； them 42. Where ____rubbish， there are flies. A. there are B。 there is C。 is D。 there has 43. The Olympic Games ____held every ____years。 A。 is； four B. are； four C. is； five D。 are； five 44。 Many a man _____ come to help us。 A。 have B。 has C. is D。 are 45。 He is the only one of the students who _____elected. A。 are B. have C. has D。 is 46。 Three-fourths of the homework _____today. A. has finished B。 has been finished C。 have finished D。 have been finished 47。 Those who ____ in ____compositions， please hand them in this afternoon. A. hasn’t handed; his B. haven’t handed; their C。has handed; their D。 have handed； his 48。 Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher. A. are praised B。 is praised C. praised D. praising 49. The whole class _____the teacher attentively. A。 are listening to B。 is listening to C。 are listening D。 is listening 50。 Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called \"Skyscraper Tower\". A。 stands B。 standing C. which stands D。 stand 7 1.解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加—s 2. 解析：选D. 当either …or 连接两个并列主语时,句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 3. 解析：选A。 who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am. 4。 解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为:奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式;后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 5.解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语,a lot of rubbish（不可数名词),因此后面谓语动词要用单数. 6. 解析：选A。 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态. 7. 解析:选A。 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 8. 解析:选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 9. 解析：选B. both-—--and———连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。 10。解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词,助动词要与either要数上保持一致。 11。解析：选B。 what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定,此处要用非第三人称单数形式。 12.解析：选A. 此处指:家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式. 13。 解析:选A。 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 14。 解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people。 15。 解析:选B。 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 16。 解析:选D。 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词. 17. 解析：选C。 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。 18. 解析：选A. 本句缺谓语,主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。 19。 解析：选B. 本句的表语 是复数形式,所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。 20。解析：选C. 根据 就近一致性原则,谓语用am。 21。 解析:选B。 本句的主语是书名,从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。 22。 解析：选B。 用and连接两个并列主语时,谓语用非第三人称单数形。 23.解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 24。解析:选B. 本句主语是tons， 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词,不可用被动形式。 25.解析：选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 26。 解析:选B。主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 27. 解析：选D。 主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 Long ago 表示过去. 28. 解析：选C. 因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us。 29。解析:选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。 30. 解析：选C。 本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 1-5 BABAA 6—10 CDBDB 11-15 CDABA 16-20 BCBAB 21-25 ABABA 26-30 BADBD 31—35 BDCBC 36—40 ADBBC 41-45 CBBBD 46—50 BBAAA 8 因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容