美国⽂学补充练习填空题Part I
1.At last early in the century, the English settlements in and began the mainstream of what we recognize as American national history.
2.The earliest settlers in US, includes , Swedes, , French, , Italians, and .
3.’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the firstdistinctly American literature to be written in English.
4.The Puritans had come to New England for the sake of , while Virginia had been plantedmainly as a .
5.Hard work, , piety, and were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest
American writing, including the sermons, books, and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and CottonMather.
6., the first governor of Plymouth, and , who held the same post at Boston, were men
superior to even the remarkable qualities that distinguished many of their associates. Each has left us a priceless gift: theformer, , the latter .
7.The best way to learn more of the colonial Puritan mind is to meet two important figures,_____and .
8.Most puritan verse was decidedly plodding, but the work of the two writers, Anne Bradstreetand Edward Taylor, rose to the level of .Answer:
1.17th, V irginia, Massachusetts
2.Ducth, Germans, Spaniards, Portuguese3.Captain John Smith
4.religious freedom, commercial venture5.thrift, sobriety
6.William Bradford, John Winthrop, The History of Plymouth Plantation, The History of NewEngland
7.John Cotton, Roger Williams8.real poetryPart II
1.As we have seen, dominated the Puritan phase of American writing. was the nextgreat subject to command the attention of the best minds.
2.Freedom was won as much by the fiery rhetoric of Thomas Paine’s and the eloquence ofthe as by the weapons of Washington or Lafayette.
3.hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials aboard and toimport finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country.4.American dealt a decisive blow upon the puritan traditions and brought to life andliterature.
5.The secular ideas of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and careerof , who instructed his countrymen as , not .
6.In 1783, the year the United States achieved its independence, declared, “American mustbe as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms”.7.Born in Boston in 1706, Benjamin Franklin went to Philadelphia as a young man and beganhis career as .
8.From 1732 to 1758, Franklin wrote and published his famous , an annual collection ofproverbs.
9.On January 10, 1766, Paine’s famous pamphlet appeared. It boldly advocated a“Declaration for Independence”, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis.10.is perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.11.Freneau was by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit.
12.For a few years, writing with sporadic fluency, Freneau earned his living variouslyas , , and sea captain.
13.As a poet, heralded American literature independence: his close observation of
nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life and other native American subjects.14.Freneau has been called the “”, and it is ultimately in a historical estimate that F reneau isimportant.Answer:
1.theology, politics
http://www.doczj.com/doc/3cdfad826529647d272852d9.html mon Sense,Declaration of Independence3.The British government
4.Enlightenment, secular education5.Benjamin Franklin, a printer, a priest6.Noah Webster
7. a printer 8.Poor Richard’s Almanac
http://www.doczj.com/doc/3cdfad826529647d272852d9.html mon Sense10.Philip Freneau11.neoclassical12.farmer, journalist
13.Freneau
14.Father of American PoetryPart III
1.In 1828 the election of the frontier as the seventh President of the United States hadbrought an effective end to the “V irginia Dynasty” of American presi dents.2.The United States had been a republic of small , without sharp contrast of wealth.3.Through the first half of 19th century the pursuit of , utility, and remained anAmerican characteristic.
4.In the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminaryopened in to serve the “muslin sex”.
5.Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win financial successon both sides of Atlantic.
6.The attitudes of America’s writers were shaped by their environment and array of ideasinherited from the traditions of Europe.
7.values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War.8.As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither nor .
9.Romantic writers placed increasing value on the expression of emotion and displayedincreasing attention to the states of their characters.
10.In 1820, published An American Dictionary of The English Language.
11.was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism, and his familiar style was
destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper, and to provide a model for the prevailingprose narrative of the future.
12.Irving was the first great , writing always for , and to produce .
13.was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.14.Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: and .
15.The central figure in Cooper’s novels, , goes by serious names of Leatherstocking,Deerslayer, Pathfinder, and Hawkeye.
16.In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis(Greek, meaning “view of death”) introduced thebest poet, , to appear in American up to that time.Answer:
1.Andrew Jackson
http://www.doczj.com/doc/3cdfad826529647d272852d9.html ndholders3.simplicity, perfection4.1837, Massachusetts5.Sketch Book6.New World, romantic
7.Romantic
8.logical, systematized 9.free, psychic10.Noah Webster11.Washington Irving
12.belletrist, pleasure, pleasure13.The Spy
14.the sea adventure tale, the frontier saga15.Natty Bumppo16.William Cullen Bryant
1.Poe entered the , but left a short time later because he would not enter the profession oflaw as Allan wished.
2.Ironically, while Poe was struggling in America, his work was commanding more and morepraise in . His influence was especially strong on many writers.
3.Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader of movement, yet he neverapplied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.
4.Emerson believed above all in , independence of mind, and .5.Two speeches, and made Emerson famous.
6.Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories,was .
7.For Thoreau, as for Emerson, and ranked above all.
8.“” stated Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of agovernment.Answer:
1.University of Virginia2.Europe , French3.Transcendentalist4.individualism, self-reliance
5.The American Scholar, The Divinity School Address6.Henry David Thoreau
7.self-reliance, independence of mind8.Civil Disobedience
1.deals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the germ of the storysprang from the author’s family history.
2.Hawthorne’s unique gift was the creation of strongly stories which touch the deepest
roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, . 3.Hawthorne’s ability to create vivid andsymbolic images that embody great questions
appears strongly in his short stories.
4.is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernaturalwhite whale.
5.and by temperament, Melville shipped as a cabin boy on a merchant vessel toEngland in 1839, when he was twenty.
6.What baffled Moby Dick’s readers was the book’s wild extravagances of and , itseffect of and , its ef fect of what the modern critic V an Wyck Brooks calls “a shredded play.7.Longfellow domesticated meters as in his adaptation of classical meters to tell thestory of Evangeline Bellefontaine.
8.The , sweetness, and for which Longfellow’s p oetry was popular during hislifetime were the very qualities that caused the reaction against in after his death.Answer:
1.The House of the Seven Gables2.symbolic, The Scarlet Letter3.moral4.Moby Dick
5.Restless, venturesome
6.mood, language, Shakespearean7.European, Greek8.gentleness, purity
1.By the end of (1816-1865) most of the forces that would typify twentieth-century
American had begun to emerge. Northern had triumphed over Southern and from that victory came a society based on masslabor and mass consumption.
2.In 1865 the first step toward racial equality was made when the Amendment to theConstitution was adopted, abolishing within the United States.
3.By 1890 the frontier, the westward moving line of settlement began three years before on the_____ceased to exist.
4.In 1891, (founded in 1883) became the first American magazine to exceed a circulationof half a million; by 1905 it had reached a million.
5.Harriet Beccher Stowe, the author of (1852), had become an American institution andthe most famous literary woman in the world.
6.The had what Henry James called “a powerful impulse to mirror to the unmitigatedrealities of life.
7.“Realism” first appeared in the United States in the literature of , and an amalgam ifromantic plots and realistic descriptions of things were immediately observable.8.The arbiter of nineteenth-century literary realism in American was .
9.The bulk of America’s literary realism was limited to treatment of the surface of life.10.Naturalism, like realism, had come from .
11.The and ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such writers as Stephen Crane,Frank Norris, Jack London, Henry Adam, and Theodore Dreiser.
12.In the cluster of poems Whitman called he gave America its first genuine poem.13.Whitman published the first edition of Leaves of Grass in ,setting the type for the bookhimself, and writing favorably reviews of it in the papers, anonymously.14.Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about and nature.
15.The ran ge of Dickinson’s poetry suggests not her limited experiences but the power of her_____and .
16.The poems are short, many of them being bases on a single or .
17.Uncle Tom’s Cabin,or (as it was originally entitled) was conceived early in February,1851.
18.To cope with southern opposition and challenges to the accuracy of the novel, she wrote thenonfiction with the documented case histories to support what she had portrayed fictionally.19.Mark Twain left the Mississippi at the outbreak of , and became, in swift succession, anarmy volunteer, in Nevada, a timber speculator and .
20.had already pointed towards Mark Twain’s uneasy acceptance of the values ofnineteen-century American society.Answer:
1.the Civil War, industrialism, agrarianism2.Thirteenth, slavery3.Atlantic Coast
4.The Ladies Home Journal5.Uncle Tom’s Cabin6.realists7.local color
8.William Dean Howells9.optimistic10.Europe
11.pessimism, deterministic 12.Leaves of Grass, epic13.185514.man
15.creativity, imagination16.image, symbol
17.The Man That Was a Thing18.A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin19.the Civil War
20.a gold prospector, a journalist21.The Gilded Age
1.The title of one of O. Henry’s book, , indicates that he considered all the people of NewY ork City worth writing about, and not simply the u pper “Four Hundred”.
2.In 1871 the Atlantic serialized James’ first novel, , with which he hoped, but failed, toachieve fame.
3.James preferred to declare that his first real novel was .
4.(1878) which one American critic described as “an outrage to American girlhood”brought James his first international fame.
5.Wolf Larsen, the ruthless, amoral protagonist of , best realizes the ideal of the“superman”.
6.A central document for the London scholar is the patently autobiographical novel .7.By the time Jack London published his first collection of stories, (1900), he was on hisway to becoming the highest paid author of his time.
8.The most enduringly popular of Jack London’s stories involved the primitive struggle of
and individuals in the context of irresistible natural forces such as the wild sea or the arctic wastes.9.London had written too much too fast, with too little concern for the and andsubtlety of characterization that rank high with critics.
10.(1900), which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G. W.Hurstwood, was Dreiser’s first novel.
11.The protagonist of “Trilogy of Dreiser”, is modeled after the Chicago speculator CharlesT. Y erks.
12.The identification of potency with is at t he heart of Dreiser’s greatest and mostsuccessful novel, An American Tragedy.
13.In 1930s, Dreiser was increasing attracted by the philosophical program of .Answer:
1.The Four Million2.Watch and Ward3.Roderick Hudson4.Daisy Miller5.The Sea Wolf6.Martin Eden
7.The Son of the Wolf 8.strong, weak9.stylistic, formal refinement10.Sister Carrie11.Frank Cowperwood12.money
13.the Communist Party
1.In the years preceding World War I, nineteenth-century realism and remained vitalforces in American Literature.
2.The genteel tradition and popular still dominated the nation’s literary tastes.3.The best-selling American books in the first decades of the twentieth century were .4.Although the form and direction of modern American literature had clearly begun to emerge
in the first decades of the century, stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and contemporaryAmerican.
5.Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “”,devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.
6.The publication in 1922 of T. S. Eliot’s , the most significant American poem of the
twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.7.Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, established aninternational reputation.
8.Jazz music of the American — the most influential art form to originate in the UnitedStates — spread throughout the world.
9.The social upheavals and literary concerns of the Great Depression years ended with theprosperity and turmoil brought by .
10.Ezra Pound’s , considered as a satire of the materialistic forces involved in the WorldWar I, is a masterpiece.
11.Robinson began his career as a poet in and .
12.“Richard Cory” and “Miniver Cheery” are good examples of realistic attitudes.13.Robinson’s poems sometimes appear to be , yet the surface often serves toconceal an intricacy and subtlety of thought.
14.In London, Frost’s first book , brought him to the attention of influential critics.15.When he was eighty-seven, Frost read his poetry at the inauguration of President .16.Frost employed the plain speech of rural and preferred the short, traditional forms oflyric and narrative.
17.Frost saw nature as a storehouse of and , announcing, “I’m always sayingsomething more.Answer:
1.naturalism2.romanticism3.historical romances4.the First World War5.Lost Generation6.The Waste Land7.Eugene O’neil 8.Negro9.Second World War10.Hugh Selwyn Mauberley11.bleakness, poverty12.Robinso n’s13.simple, simplicity14.A Boy’s Will15.John F. Kennedy16.New Englanders17.analogy, symbol
1.With the precedent of behind them, Sandburg’s poems present a sweeping panorama ofAmerican life.
2.Sandburg’s language draws on the colorful diction of and the lingo of urban dwellers.3.Wallace Steven created his poetry as a gifted , less concerned about promoting thanabout perfecting what he wrote.
4.It was not until 1923 that Steven, at the age of 44, was finally persuaded to publish a book ofpoems .
5.The problem of the interrelation between and became a series of oppositionsbetween inner and outer world.
6.At Merton College, Oxford in 1955, Eliot again studied .
7.The degree to which fusion and concentration of , feeling, and were achieved wasEliots criterion for judging the poem.
8.In 1920s, Eliot began , one of the major works of modern literature.
9.It is likely that in Eliot’s abundant use of literary reference in The Waste Lard he wasinfluenced by .
10.In connection with the publ ication of the critical volume “For Lancelot Andrews”(1928), Eliotdescribed himself as “a in politics, a in literature, and an in religion.
11.Eliot’s lectures at Harvard University in 1932 resulted in the influential volume .12.In Alabama, where Fitzgerald was sent for military training, he fell hopelessly in love
with , an embodiment of his romantic notions of a Southern Belle.13.was a critical success, but a commercial disappointment.
14.In his finest novels, The Great Gatsby and , Fitzgerald had revealed the stridency of anage of glittering innocence.
15.In vivid and graceful prose, Fitzgerald had portrayed the of the American worship ofriches and the unending American dream of love, , and fulfilled desires.Answer:1.Whitman2.immigrants3.nonprofessional,his literary reputation4.Harmonium5.ideal, the real6.philosophy7.intellect, experience8.The Waste Land9.Pound10.royalist,
classicist, Anglo-Catholic11.The Uses of Poetry and theUses of Criticism12.Zelda Sayre13.The Great Gatsby14.Tender Is the Night15.hollowness splendor
1.was the first American to be wounded in Italy during the World War I.
2.Hemingway developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on sentence structure andusing a vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone.
3.A nihilistic vision is repeatedly modified by Hemingway’s affirmative assertion of thepossibility of living with and .
4.To Hemingway, man’s greatest achievement is to show under pressure.5. A Farewell to Arms portrayed a farewell both to and to .
6.In 1952, Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman in The Old Man and the Sea.7.It was Steinbeck’s most clearly “” novel of class struggle, depicting the lives of migrantworkers and their resistance to exploitation by the entrenched forest of society.
8.Steinbeck’s treatment of of his time, particularly the plight of the , earned him aPulitzer Prize in 1940 and, in 1962, a Nobel Prize for literature.
9.The only Faulkner novel that had come close to being a best seller in its day was , a bookmore famous for its shock value than for its literary quality.
10.Oxford was with some fictional modifications, a prototype of Jefferson, in the mythicalcounty of , the setting of and most of Faulkner’s subsequent works.Answer:
1.Ernest Hemingway2.simple, restricted3.style, courage4.grace5.war, love6.Santiago7.proletarian
8.the social problems, the dispossessed farmer9.Sanctuary
10.Y oknapatawpha, Sartoris
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容