语言知识运用练(一) (限时25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·太原阶段测评) My parents managed to clear their debts before we moved to America. Neither of them spoke fluent English and neither had a professional career. Growing up, I was always aware of my family's __1__ financial situation. I also found that I was responsible for my parents' hardships. I decided that my goal in life was to become successful, get a well-paid job and __2__ them. So naturally, I took my studies seriously and worked hard to become an __3__ high-achieving student. I dreamt to enroll in a top college to pursue greater knowledge. Like many students, I spent a lot of energy and time __4__ my college resume. Despite my __5__ schedule, I managed to complete the lengthy and complex __6__. I believed it, from essays to recommendation letters, was flawless—a guaranteed acceptance into this competitive program. But I had one last __7__ to overcome: to __8__ mail the application. On the instruction sheet, it said in capitalized and bold letters, “WE DO NOT ACCEPT CERTIFIED MAIL (挂号邮件)．” I should have posted the application myself because it had special directions, but my father kindly insisted that he __9__it. I had my __10__ because my parents didn't speak great English, but I finally __11__ and wrote the instructions for him.
While I was in school, my father sent me a text saying that he had finished the task __12__. He had found a worker at the post office to help him. I was __13__. Yet, later, I found out that he had done one thing very __14__： he sent the application as “certified mail”．
Right then and there, my perfect application became an automatic __15__. In the moment of despair and frustration and anger, I __16__ him. I locked myself in my room and sobbed until my face was covered in tears, my floor in used tissues. Then as I __17__ my room, my father also came out of his. My mother, who was watching from a(n) __18__ distance, joined the hug, and we three cried together. I knew my __19__ need for success came from my selfless desire to make my parents happy, and my temporary hatred toward them was a result of my
love for them. My intentions were pure, but things were __20__ later. I'm just glad finally they were all straightened out.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了“我”在意识到家里困难的经济状况后，决心通过努力学习改变家庭的命运，虽然“我”和父母之间在此过程中产生了摩擦，但最终我们都谅解了对方的故事。 1．A.total C．important
B．complex D．difficult
解析：根据上文“My parents managed to clear their debts before we moved to America...neither had a professional career.”可推知，“我”总是意识到家里困难的(difficult)经济状况。故D项符合语境。 答案：D 2．A.leave C．support
B．value D．request
解析：根据上文“I was responsible for my parents' hardships...get a well-paid job”可知，此处指得到一份高薪工作来养活(support)他们，故C项符合语境。 答案：C 3．A.equally C．artificially
B．immediately D．academically
解析：根据上文“I took my studies seriously”及下文“I dreamt to...to pursue greater knowledge.”可推知，此处指“我”努力成为一名在学业上(academically)取得很高成就的学生。故选D。 答案：D 4．A.building C．applying
B．copying D．posting
解析：根据语境可知，像很多学生一样，“我”花费了很多精力和时间创建
(building)“我”的大学简历。 答案：A 5．A.good C．daily
B．tight D．proper
解析：根据上文“I took my studies seriously and worked hard”可推知，此处指“我”的日程排得很紧。tight“(时间)紧的”符合语境，故选B。 答案：B 6．A.record C．program
B．worksheet D．application
解析：根据上文“I spent a lot of energy and time __4__ my college resume”及下文“to __8__ mail the application”可推知，此处指“我”成功地完成了这项漫长且复杂的申请(application)。故D项符合语境。 答案：D 7．A.hope C．shortcoming
B．task D．obstacle
解析：根据语境及下文中的“to overcome”可推知，此处指“我”有最后一个障碍(obstacle)需要克服，故D项符合语境。 答案：D 8．A.freely C．frequently
B．easily D．personally
解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，此处指“我”需要亲自(personally)去邮寄这项申请。故选D。 答案：D
9．A.take care of C．look for
B．take notice of D．stand for
解析：根据语境可推知，此处指“我”的父亲执意要负责 (take care of) 这件事。
故选A。 答案：A 10．A.emotion C．concern
B．sign D．favor
解析：根据下文“because my parents didn't speak great English”可推知，“我”有“我”的担心(concern)，故C项符合语境。 答案：C 11．A.refused C．regretted
B．canceled D．agreed
解析：根据上文“but I finally”及下文“wrote the instructions for him”可知，“我”最终同意(agreed)了并为他写下了操作步骤。 答案：D 12．A.perfectly C．formally
B．dramatically D．partly
解析：根据下文“He had found a worker at the post office to help him.”可推知，父亲发短信说他完美地(perfectly)完成了这项任务，所以“我”很高兴(delighted)。 答案：A
13．A.disappointed C．worried
解析：参见上题解析。 答案：B 14．A.wrong C．satisfyingly
B．fairly D．confusingly B．delighted D．shocked
解析：根据上文第一段中的“‘WE DO NOT ACCEPT CERTIFIED MAIL.’”和下文的“he sent the application as ‘certified mail’”可知，此处指他错误地(wrong)做了一件事情。
答案：A 15．A.force C．reject
B．fright D．reply
解析：根据语境可知，“我”的完美的申请变成了一个自动的拒绝(reject)，故C项符合语境。 答案：C
16．A.abandoned C．protected
B．accepted D．blamed
解析：根据上文中的“despair and frustration and anger”可推知，此处指“我”责怪(blamed)了父亲。 答案：D 17．A.cleaned C．exited
B．entered D．passed
解析：根据下文中的“my father also came out of his”可推知，此处指当“我”走出(exited)“我”的房间时。 答案：C 18．A.ordinary C．individual
B．careful D．safe
解析：根据语境可推知，“我”之前的情绪是绝望、生气的，所以母亲不敢接近“我”，而是从一个谨慎的(careful)距离看我们，故B项符合语境。 答案：B 19．A.selfish C．necessary
B．correct D．awful
解析：根据语境可知，“我”向往成功的自私的 (selfish) 需求源自“我”的想让父母过得高兴的无私的渴望，空处与“selfless”形成对比。故A项符合语境。 答案：A
20．A.simple C．twisted
B．wonderful D．delayed
解析：根据上文中的“pure”和“but”可知，空处与“pure”形成对比，故twisted“扭曲的”符合语境。 答案：C Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·唐山第一次模拟)As we all know, eye contact is a natural part of most casual conversations, which 1.____________ (be) not always so exciting but always important.
We make assumptions about people's personalities based 2.____________ how much they meet our eyes or look away when we are talking to them. And when we pass strangers in the street or some other public places, we can be left feeling 3.____________ (reject) if they don't make eye contact with us.
Some research has found eyes that are gazing (凝视) grab and hold 4.____________ (we) attention, making us less aware of what else is going on around us. Research also shows that we 5.____________ (general) consider people who make more eye contact to be more dependable, sincere and intelligent.
6．____________ eye contact is a great thing and a vital tool for improving 7.____________ quality of all our face-to-face interactions with others, it doesn't mean 8.____________ (much) eye contact is always better. Psychologists recently conducted a study at a science museum 9.____________ (find) out how long the eye contact should be. They concluded that, on average, the 10.____________ (long) of eye contact was three seconds. Few people preferred gazes that lasted longer than nine seconds.
[语篇解读] 眼神交流在人们的日常交往中起着很重要的作用。不同关系之间的交流是不同的，而且眼神交流的时间长短影响着交流的质量。
1．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：众所周知，眼神交流是大多数非正式谈话中很自然的一部分，它不总是那么令人兴奋，但却始终很重要。分析句子结构可知，此空为which引导的非限制性定语从句中的系动词，which指代的是主句中的eye contact，为第三人称单数；根据主句中的is可知，从句的时态也
应为一般现在时。故填is。 答案：is
2．解析：考查介词。句意：我们对于人的个性的推测基于我们在和他们谈话的过程中他们与我们的眼神交汇的次数或转移目光的次数。base...on...为固定搭配，意为“以……为根据；依据……”。故填on。 答案：on
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们在大街上或其他公共场所经过陌生人(的身旁)时，如果他们不与我们进行眼神交流，我们则会有一种被拒绝的感觉。分析句子结构可知，空处应与feeling共同构成主语we的补足语，we与reject之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。故填rejected。 答案：rejected
4．解析：考查代词。句意：一些研究已经发现凝视的双眼能吸引并保持我们的注意力，使我们较少注意到周围发生的其他事。空处修饰名词attention，应用形容词性物主代词，故填our。 答案：our
5．解析：考查词性转换。句意：研究还表明，我们普遍认为那些与我们进行更多眼神交流的人更可靠、更真诚和更聪明。空处在句中作状语，修饰动词consider，应用副词。故填 generally。 答案：generally
6．解析：考查连词。句意：虽然眼神交流是一件很美妙的事情，也是提升我们与他人面对面互动交流质量的一个重要工具，但这并不意味着越多的眼神交流总是越好的。根据句意及空后的“doesn't mean”可知，前后部分存在让步关系，所以空处应为让步状语从句的引导词。故填While或Although或Though。 答案：While/Although/Though
7．解析：考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处特指我们与他人面对面交流的质量，应用定冠词。故填the。 答案：the
8．解析：考查形容词比较级。句意见第6题解析。空处为修饰eye contact的定语，根据语境可知，此处应用比较级形式与后面的better保持一致。故填more。 答案：more
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家最近在一个科学博物馆进行了一项研究，以明确眼神交流的最佳时长。空处作目的状语，表示该实验的目的。故填to find。 答案：to find
10．解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们的结论是，眼神交流的平均时长是三秒钟。分析句子结构可知，空处应为that从句中的主语，且其前有定冠词the限定，其后又有of修饰，应用名词形式。故填length。 答案：length
语言知识运用练(二) (限时25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·惠州调研测试)When 69-year-old Dobrgyal started looking after the wild macaques (猕猴) at a scenic spot in China's Tibet Autonomous Region, their population __1__ only 40－50. Today, 18 years later, that same place is __2__ to over 2,800 Tibetan macaques.
Dobrgyal's relationship with the Tibetan macaques has been described as a __3__ love story between man and monkeys. A former __4__ keeper, Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques, show them __5__ and make sure they are healthy. __6__， he has even taken some of the sick animals home and __7__ them back to health.
China.org.cn reports that Dobrgyal has been the only one working as a __8__ in
the Gongbo'gyamda area for the last 18 years, and __9__ him as the main reason that the macaque population is rising.
Tibetan macaques are a(n) __10__ species in China, and their food is provided by the Gongbo'gyamda forestry bureau (局), but it's Dobrgyal who loads the bags into his truck and __11__ it to the monkeys personally. Thanks to his __12__， the macaques have become very __13__ with tourists, many of whom also help to __14__ the animals. Having dedicated almost two decades of his life to the macaques，Dobrgyal now __15__ himself about what will happen to them if his physical __16__ no longer allows him to take care of them properly.
“Now I'm so old, nearly 70 years old，” Dobrgyal said recently. “In the __17__ of my life I will do my best to take care of the monkeys, but if someday my health __18__ me feeding them anymore, I will have my sons replace me.”
__19__， the furry creatures will be able to rely on their __20__ human father for many years to come.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了在Dobrgyal的努力下，野生猕猴的数量增加，同时他们之间也建立了一份真挚的感情。 1．A.numbered C．confirmed
B．reduced D．turned
解析：根据下文“Today, 18 years later，that same place is __2__ to over 2,800 Tibetan macaques.”的提示可知，此处表示它们的数量总共(numbered)只有40到50只。 答案：A 2．A.seen C．home
B．fun D．known
解析：根据上文“looking after the wild macaques at a scenic spot in China's Tibet Autonomous Region”的描述可知，18年后的今天，这里是2 800多只西藏猕猴的家(home)。
答案：C
3．A.mouthwatering C．breathtaking
B．heartbreaking D．heartwarming
解析：根据下文“Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques，show them ___5__ and make sure they are healthy”的描述可知，此处为Dobrgyal和西藏猕猴之间的关系被描述为人类和猴子之间的一个暖人的(heartwarming)爱的故事。mouthwatering“令人垂涎的”；heartbreaking“使人心碎的”；breathtaking“惊人的”。 答案：D 4．A.forest C．garden
B．house D．soccer
解析：根据上文中的“looking after the wild macaques at a scenic spot”可推知，此处应为Dobrgyal以前是一个森林 (forest) 看守人。 答案：A 5．A.honor C．affection
B．respect D．mercy
解析：根据上文“Dobrgyal's relationship with the Tibetan macaques has been described as a ___3__ love story between man and monkeys.”的描述可知，此处为向它们表达喜爱(affection)，并确保它们是健康的。 答案：C 6．A.In return C．In vain
B．On occasion D．On purpose
解析：根据上文“Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques，show them __5__ and make sure they are healthy”的描述可知，此处前后形成语意上的衔接，所以此处为偶尔(On occasion)，他也带一些生病的猴子
回家照顾。 答案：B 7．A.expected C．forced
B．sent D．nursed
解析：根据上文“he has even taken some of the sick animals home”的描述可知，此处为照顾(nursed)它们直到它们恢复健康。 答案：D 8．A.feeder C．friend
B．leader D．farmer
解析：根据上文“Dobrgyal has been...just to feed the macaques”的描述可知，此处表示作为唯一的饲养员(feeder)。 答案：A 9．A.guesses C．assumes
B．credits D．questions
解析：根据上文“China.org.cn reports that Dobrgyal has been the only one working as a __8__ in the Gongbo'gyamda area for the last 18 years”的描述可知，此处前后形成并列关系，表示“并认为猕猴数量上升归功于(credits)他”。 答案：B
10．A.aggressive C．dangerous
B．protected D．controlled
解析：根据常识和空后的“and their food is provided by the Gongbo'gyamda forestry bureau”可知，西藏猕猴在中国是受保护的(protected)动物。 答案：B 11．A.donates C．returns
B．declares D．delivers
解析：根据空前的“loads the bags into his truck and”可知，此处为亲自把食物送给
(delivers)猴子。 答案：D 12．A.wisdom C．efforts
B．bravery D．intentions
解析：根据上文的内容及语境可知，由于Dobrgyal所做出的努力(efforts)，西藏猕猴在游客中很受欢迎(popular)。 答案：C 13．A.popular C．shy
B．confident D．cautious
解析：参见上题解析。confident“自信的”；shy“害羞的”；cautious“谨慎的”。 答案：A 14.A.raise C．buy
B．feed D．observe
解析：根据上文“the macaques have become very __13__ with tourists”可知，此处前后形成因果关系，表示许多游客也帮忙去喂养(feed)它们。 答案：B 15．A.concerns C．predicts
B．advises D．comments
解析：根据下文“what will happen to them if his physical __16__ no longer allows him to take care of them properly”可知，让Dobrgyal担心(concerns)的是如果他的身体状况(condition)不再允许他充分地照顾猕猴了怎么办。 答案：A 16．A.age C．attitude
解析：参见上题解析。 答案：D
B．body D．condition
17．A.process C．rest
B．middle D．next
解析：根据上文“Now I'm so old, nearly 70 years old”的描述可知， 此处表示“在我的余生中(In the rest of my life)”。 答案：C 18．A.keeps C．allows
B．permits D．prevents
解析：根据上文“In the __17__ of my life I will do my best to take care of the monkeys”可知，此处前后形成转折，即“但如果有一天我的健康状况阻止(prevents)我再喂养它们，我会让我的儿子们接替我”。 答案：D
19．A.Unfortunately C．Generally
B．Hopefully D．Actually
解析：根据空后的“the furry creatures will be able to rely on their __20__ human father for many years to come”可知，此处为表达希望，故Hopefully“有望”符合语境。 答案：B 20．A.official C．adoptive
B．typical D．spiritual
解析：这些毛茸茸的动物在未来的许多年里将有望能够依靠收养它们的人类父亲生存。adoptive“收养的”符合语境。 答案：C Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·湖北模拟调研考试)Since I arrived in Beijing in mid-1975, I think I could well be considered as a witness to that process. It has been known to almost all that innumerable 1.____________ (achieve) have been made during the past four decades in China. According to historians, there hasn't been a country with such a
large population in human history 2.__________ has made such profound changes and improvements within such 3.____________ short span of time.
During the past four decades, China has developed into the second 4.____________ (large) economy in the world, and forecasts show that it 5.____________ (take) the first place in the near future. China is already excelling (超过) 6.____________(global) in foreign trade, poverty alleviation (扶贫), infrastructure (基础设施) construction, industrial capacity, spending on research and development, development of advanced technologies, and global influence. Today's China, in many respects, is “another country” 7.____________ (compare) to the one that I saw 44 years ago. It is true that the road traveled by China in the past four decades 8.____________ (be) easy, and it has had to face numerous difficulties both 9.____________ home and abroad. However, China has managed 10.____________ (overcome) them every year and none of the naysayers (反对者) have proved to be true. Today, many western countries marvel at the positive influence of China's development.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国40年来的发展。 1．解析：考查词性转换。句意：众所周知，中国在过去的40年里已经取得了无数的成绩。空前有innumerable修饰，故此处应填achieve的名词复数形式。故填achievements。 答案：achievements
2．解析：考查定语从句。句意：很多历史学家认为，在人类历史上还没有一个有如此多人口的国家能在如此短的时间内作出如此深刻的变化和改善。hasn't been和has made是两个谓语动词，故此处需填一个关系词，把这两句话连接起来，设空处为定语从句的关系词，并且在从句中作主语，指代先行词 a country。故填that或which。 答案：that/which
3．解析：考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。“such a/an＋形容词＋名词”是固定用法，意为“如此……的……”，此处such a short span of time意为“如此短的
时间”。故填a。 答案：a
4．解析：考查形容词最高级。large是形容词，前有序数词修饰，后有范围限定(in the world)，故应用最高级。此处表示中国在过去40年里，已经发展成为世界第二大经济体。故填largest。 答案：largest
5．解析：考查动词的时态。根据in the near future可知，此处应用一般将来时。此处表示有预言表明，在不久的将来，中国会成为(世界)第一大经济体。故填will take。 答案：will take
6．解析：考查词性转换。句意：中国在对外贸易、扶贫、基础设施建设、产业能力建设、研发投入、先进技术开发及全球影响力等方面，已经处于全球领先地位。修饰动词应用副词。故填globally。 答案：globally
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与44年前我看到的中国相比，当今的中国在很多方面可算是一个新的国家。本句中谓语动词是is，与compare之间无连词连接，故compare应用非谓语形式。compare与Today's China之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用其过去分词。故填compared。 答案：compared
8．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：在过去40年里，中国走的道路是不容易的，需要面对国内外的诸多困难。根据空前的“in the past four decades”及空后的 “and it has had to”和句意可知，此处应用现在完成时的否定形式。故填has not been或hasn't been。 答案：has not been/hasn't been
9．解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。at home and abroad为固定搭配，意为“在国内外”。故填at。 答案：at
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但是每一年中国都克服了这些困难……manage to do sth.是固定短语，意为“设法做成某事”。故填to overcome。 答案：to overcome
语言知识运用练(三) (限时25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·洛阳、许昌质量检测)As a young child, I was painfully shy. I'd watch other children at __1__ in the park, wishing I could join their ranks for a __2__ of tag, hide-and-seek, or jump rope, but I was too __3__ to approach them. __4__， my mother would come to the rescue. She'd get up from the bench where she was sitting with the other moms, __5__ my hand, and ask the other kids if I could play too. The answer was __6__ yes (I'm sure the other children didn't want to get in trouble with their own moms), and then I'd be all set for the rest of the afternoon... until the pattern __7__ itself the next day. I became __8__ awkward and more outgoing as I grow up, thankfully—though I never __9__ what you'd call a social butterfly. Today, I feel __10__ giving public lectures in large halls, and having __11__ in small groups, but I still tend to avoid situations in which I'm expected to “mingle”(使混合) with a roomful of __12__ (I'm working on it).
The reasons for my aversion (厌恶) could be various. For one, I might be __13__ some residual (残留的) childhood fear of rejection. But beyond that possibility, one __14__ element is that I __15__ to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them.
As some authors __16__， conversations are a great __17__ of happiness in our lives, but they could bring us even greater joy if we only __18__ that others like us more than we know, which is a good thing to keep in mind as you __19__ the awe-inspiring room of strangers at your next cocktail party, mix and mingle
reception, or company __20__ hour. I know I'll try to.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述自己从一个害羞的孩子转变成一个能够和他人自在沟通甚至进行演讲的人的变化，启迪我们：对他人敞开胸怀，不再害羞会更开心。 1．A.work C．study
B．play D．lunch
解析：根据下文“tag，hide-and-seek，or jump rope”可推知，作者在公园里看其他小朋友玩各种游戏，与下文“and ask the other kids if I could play too”呼应，故选B。 答案：B 2．A.party C．presentation
B．course D．game
解析：根据下文中的“tag，hide-and-seek，or jump rope”可知，这是孩子们所玩的游戏，故选D。 答案：D 3．A.scared C．ashamed
B．thrilled D．shocked
解析：根据下文中的“some residual childhood fear of rejection”可知，此处表示作者太害怕(scared)了而不敢靠近他们。 答案：A
4．A.Accidentally C．Eventually
B．Temporarily D．Absolutely
解析：根据语境可推知，作者不敢参与小伙伴们的游戏，最终(Eventually) 母亲会帮其脱离窘境，故选C。 答案：C
5．A.take C．pick
B．keep D．push
解析：此处表示母亲站起来，走过来拉起作者的手，征求其他小朋友的意见，故选A。 答案：A 6．A.yet C．always
B．simply D．already
解析：根据上文的内容可知，作者的母亲会帮其脱离窘境，询问其他小朋友的意见，此处表示得到的答案总是(always)肯定的。 答案：C
7．A.considered C．concerned
B．found D．repeated
解析：根据上文“my mother would come to the rescue”及下文“the next day”可推知，此处表示作者在陈述过去经常发生的事情，即第二天模式依旧，作者依然要依赖母亲才能参与小伙伴们的活动或游戏。 答案：D 8．A.worse C．quite
B．less D．rather
解析：由空处与下文“more outgoing”呼应可推知，作者不再那么害羞和尴尬了。 答案：B
9．A.turned into C．jumped at
B．put forward D．pointed out
解析：尽管作者已经不再害羞，但是也没有变成(turned into)社交能手。 答案：A 10．A.attractive C．serious
B．popular D．comfortable
解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，句子前后表示转折，此处表示尽管作者在大厅中做演讲感觉很放松，但仍然会避免一些场合，故选D。 答案：D
11．A.compositions C．essays
B．conversations D．comments
解析：由空处与下文“conversations are a great __17__ of happiness in our lives”呼应可知，作者乐于进行小组谈话。 答案：B
12．A.passengers C．strangers
B．customers D．authors
解析：由空处与下文“the awe-inspiring room of strangers at your next cocktail party”呼应可知，此处表示一屋子的陌生人。 答案：C 13．A.leading C．describing
B．carrying D．evaluating
解析：根据语境可推知，作者分析原因，认为可能是自己还带有一些童年残留的恐惧。carry“携带”符合语境。 答案：B 14．A.likely C．full
B．real D．complete
解析：根据上文“beyond that possibility”可推知，此处作者分析了另外一种可能性，故选A。 答案：A 15．A.like C．refuse
B．happen D．tend
解析：由空处与上文“but I still tend to avoid situations”呼应可推知，此处表示作者
趋于低估别人对自己的喜欢程度，故选D。 答案：D 16．A.arrange C．state
B．demand D．discuss
解析：此处表示正如一些作家陈述(state)的那样。 答案：C 17．A.level C．intention
B．reward D．source
解析：根据下文“but they could bring us even greater joy”可推知，谈话是人们生活中快乐的来源。source“来源”。 答案：D 18．A.observe C．consult
B．realize D．control
解析：根据上文作者趋于低估别人对自己的喜欢程度可推知，如果我们意识到(realize)别人比我们知道的更喜欢我们，我们就会更快乐，故选B。 答案：B 19．A.discover C．survey
B．recognize D．acquaint
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示审视(survey)一屋子的陌生人，故选C。 答案：C 20．A.happy C．proud
B．last D．individual
解析：根据上文“cocktail party，mix and mingle reception”可推知，此处表示公司的快乐(happy)时光，故选A。 答案：A Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·青岛教学质检)There are many reasons 1.____________ college and
university students often fail 2.____________ (get) full nights of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total 3.____________ (free) to plan their days and nights. Parties, late-night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students' sleep habits.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 4.____________ science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. The class 5.__________ (center) around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 6.____________ (cause) by lack of sleep. These include difficulty focusing on studies or 7.____________ (control) one's emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.
The United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours' sleep a night to stay 8.____________ (health). Scullin found students who slept more performed 9.____________ (well) in two different classes, 10.____________ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的问题，以及贝勒大学的助手教授的研究发现。
1．解析：考查定语从句。句意：大学生经常睡不了整夜的觉有许多原因。本空考查定语从句，后面的从句成分完整且前面的先行词是reasons。故填why。 答案：why
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示大学生睡不了整夜的觉。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”。故填to get。 答案：to get
3．解析：考查词性转换。句意：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去计划自己的白天与晚上。形容词后应用名词，作having的宾语。故填freedom。 答案：freedom
4．解析：考查冠词。句意：几年前，Michael Scullin开始教在得克萨斯州韦科市贝勒大学读心理学专业的学生睡眠科学。teach为及物动词，后可直接接宾语，空后是名词，此处应填冠词，具体科学前常用定冠词。故填the。 答案：the
5．解析：考查动词的时态。句意：该班级以研究人体为什么要睡觉和由于睡眠不足引起的身体与精神方面的健康问题为中心。根据时间状语A few years ago可知，研究发生在几年前，故此处应用一般过去时。故填centered。 答案：centered
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。problems与cause之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用cause的过去分词作problems的后置定语。故填caused。 答案：caused
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些(身心问题)包括专心学习和控制情绪方面的困难以及增加的(患上)许多疾病的风险。(have) difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为 “做某事有困难”，且空处与前面的focusing并列，形式应保持一致。故填controlling。 答案：controlling
8．解析：考查词性转换。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。 答案：healthy
9．解析：考查副词的比较级。句意：Scullin在两个不同的班级里发现睡得更多的同学表现得更好，并且他于去年十一月把他的发现发表在了两本学术刊物上。根据空前的more可知，此处应用比较级。故填better。 答案：better
10．解析：考查连词。句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关
系，应用并列连词。故填and。 答案：and
语言知识运用练(四) (限时25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·石家庄重点中学摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A woman—in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__. She couldn't move the car in any __3__ without damaging it. A couple of people tried to __4__ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to __5__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.
While watching the other people __6__， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __7__ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she __8__ me to sit inside her car. I wasn't in a hurry, so I __9__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __10__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__. But actually it wasn't too much trouble __12__ they could still pass, and also there wasn't anything she could do about it __13__. We laughed and __14__ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.
Finally __15__ came and helped her back on the street. She __16__ me and asked for my phone number so she could return the __17__， but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much __18__ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __19__ can make a lot of __20__. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。 1．A.signal C．time
B．way D．help
解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to...“让行”，为固定搭配。
故选B。 答案：B 2．A.stuck C．dirty
B．broken D．abandoned
解析：根据下文“She couldn't move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。 答案：A 3．A.sense C．direction
B．minute D．line
解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。 答案：C 4．A.lift C．pull
B．hold D．drive
解析：根据上文“She couldn't move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。 答案：A 5.A.offer C．refuse
B．seek D．take
解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek) 一些服务。 答案：B 6．A.shout C．stand
B．discuss D．leave
解析：根据上文中的 “Seeing that they couldn't do much about it，they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。 答案：D 7．A.amazing C．uneasy
B．pleasant D．incredible
解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得在那样的情况下那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__”呼应。 答案：C 8．A.forced C．ordered
B．invited D．allowed
解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。 答案：B 9．A.consulted C．advised
B．warned D．informed
解析：根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者是知会(informed)家人一些情况。 答案：D 10．A.persuade C．frighten
B．comfort D．satisfy
解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and __14__ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。 答案：B 11．A.trouble C．anxiety
B．disbelief D．embarrassment
解析：根据下文中的“But actually it wasn't too much trouble __12__ they could still pass”可推知，那位女士认为给他人带来麻烦 (trouble)而感到焦虑不安。 答案：A 12．A.though
B．until
C．since D．unless
解析：根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。 答案：C 13．A.anyway C．still
B．therefore D．somehow
解析：根据上文“She couldn't move the car in any __3__ without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。 答案：A
14．A.remembered C．thought
B．realized D．joked
解析：由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。 答案：D 15．A.news C．assistance
B．my partner D．an ambulance
解析：根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。 答案：C 16．A.greeted C．accepted
B．thanked D．attracted
解析：根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。 答案：B 17．A.car C．favor
B．company D．picnic
解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。 答案：C 18．A.nervous C．disappointed
B．unwilling D．better
解析：根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。 答案：D 19．A.alone C．bitterly
B．bravely D．directly
解析：根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变得好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。 答案：A 20．A.decision C．choice
B．fortune D．difference
解析：作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。 答案：D Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·甘肃诊断性测试)A few years ago, with her colleagues, Dr.Jennifer Doudna, a famous professor at UC Berkeley, 1.____________ (invent) a new technology for editing genomes (基因组), which is called CRISPR-Cas9. It allows scientists 2.__________ (make) changes to the DNA in cells and cure the genetic diseases. The new technology has already been used to change the DNA in the cells of 3.____________ (mouse), monkeys and other organisms. However, the experiment about the world's first genetically-edited babies raises various ethical (伦理的) issues, because this technology can 4.____________ (employ) not only in adult cells, but also in the embryos (胚胎) of organisms, 5.____________(include) our own species. This is the reason 6.____________
Jennifer and her colleagues have called for a global pause in any clinical application of the CRISPR technology in human embryos to give us time to really consider all of the various results of doing so. Actually, in 7.____________ 1970s scientists got together to decide to put off the use of molecular (分子的) cloning until the 8.____________ (safe) of that technology could be tested carefully and proved.
Genome-engineered animals 9.____________ plants are happening right now. And this puts in front of all of us a huge responsibility to consider carefully both the unintended consequences as well as the intended impacts of a 10.____________ (science) breakthrough.
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了基因组编辑技术在生物工程领域的应用，以及基因编辑婴儿项目背后的伦理问题。
1．解析：考查动词的时态。句意：几年前，加州大学伯克利分校的著名教授珍妮弗·杜德娜和她的同事们发明了一项基因组编辑的新技术，这种技术被称为CRISPR-Cas9。此句中的A few years ago是表示过去的时间状语，因此此处应用一般过去时。故填invented。 答案：invented
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它可以使科学家们改变细胞中的DNA，并且治疗基因疾病。allow sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to make。 答案：to make
3．解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以及其他生物细胞中的DNA。此句中的monkeys和other organisms都是可数名词的复数形式，此处与其并列，形式应保持一致，也应用复数形式。故填mice。 答案：mice
4．解析：考查动词的语态。句意：……因为这种技术不仅能应用于成人细胞中，而且可以应用于包括我们人类在内的有机体的胚胎中。分析句子结构可知，空处
在句中作谓语，且technology和employ之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用被动语态；空前有情态动词can，故填be employed。 答案：be employed
5.解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及语境可知，此处表示“包括”之意，应用介词。故填including。 答案：including
6．解析：考查定语从句。句意：这就是珍妮弗和她的同事们呼吁全世界暂停将CRISPR技术用于人类胚胎有关的所有临床应用的原因，这给了我们时间去认真考虑这项技术的应用可能带来的各种后果。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词是reason，从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词。故填why。 答案：why
7.解析：考查冠词。句意：事实上，在20世纪70年代，科学家们就一起决定要推迟分子克隆技术的使用，直到这项技术的安全性得以谨慎测试和证明。年代前面要用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 答案：the
8．解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。空前有定冠词the，空后有介词of，应用名词。故填safety。 答案：safety
9.解析：考查连词。句意：基因工程的动植物此刻已经出现。animals和plants是两个并列关系的名词，要用并列连词连接。故填and。 答案：and
10．解析：考查词性转换。句意：这就使我们要担负起巨大的责任，认真考虑科学突破可能带来的意外后果以及预期影响。空处在句中修饰名词breakthrough，应用形容词。故填scientific。
答案：scientific
语言知识运用练(五) (限时25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·潍坊统考) Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria, I looked around, slowly taking in everything. For the first time in my life, I __1__ that I had been seeing without really seeing for the past two years.
Student after student passed my __2__ carrying that day's lunch, but if you looked deeper, there was more to __3__. There was more than just the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their __4__ that day. There was a lot more hidden under the __5__. Catching the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table, I __6__ politely. She smiled __7__ and then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her. If I hadn't __8__ recently that her mother was dying of leukemia, I would have never __9__ anything was wrong and I may not have been as __10__ and sympathetic, either. It suddenly __11__ me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story. I realized that everyone may have something __12__ they are facing in their lives.
I have an incurable lung disease. No one at our school knows—I don't show any noticeable __13__ except for a few coughs here and there. I go about my day like any other kid, __14__ with the realization that I have a __15__ and terrifying future.
Before that day when I decided to __16__ the world with a new perspective, I __17__ myself almost every day. I thought only about myself and my heavy __18__. But I've now realized that I am not the only one __19__： everyone has their own mountain to face. No one is __20__ —we just need to accept the way we are.
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了作者观察生活而进行反思的故事，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。
1．A.promised C．pretended
B．realized D．joked
解析：根据上文中的“I looked around，slowly taking in everything” 及“For the first time in my life”可推知，作者意识到(realized)了些什么，故选B。下文中的“realized”也是提示。 答案：B 2．A.order C．table
B．room D．cafeteria
解析：与上文“Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria”呼应可知，此处指的是学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌(table)，故选C。 答案：C 3. A．observe C．compare
B．imagine D．exchange
解析：与上文中的“but if you looked deeper”呼应可推知，此处表示作者认为有更多有待观察(observe)的东西。 答案：A 4．A.diet C．bicycle
B．clothing D．hair
解析：根据上文中的“the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their”可推知，此处表示学生们的发型，故选D。 答案：D 5．A.surface C．rules
B．uniform D．circumstances
解析：根据常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是外在的东西，且空处与下文中的“we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole stroy”呼应，故选A。 答案：A 6．A.said C．waved
B．moved D．bowed
解析：根据下文中的“She smiled”可推知，作者给一个女孩打了招呼，对方以微笑回应。 答案：C 7．A.casually C．happily
B．weakly D．impatiently
解析：与下文“her mother was dying of leukemia”呼应可推知，女孩因为母亲病重而勉强地(weakly)对作者笑了笑。 答案：B 8．A.found C．heard
B．noticed D．decided
解析：根据语境可推知，作者听说(heard)了这个女孩家里的不幸。 答案：C 9．A.suspected C．predicted
B．remembered D．regretted
解析：根据语境可推知，作者本不会觉得(suspected)有什么不正常的。 答案：A
10．A.outstanding C．demanding
B．willing D．understanding
解析：与下文中的“sympathetic”呼应可推知，作者对对方表示谅解(understanding)和同情，故选D。 答案：D 11．A.escaped C．hit
B．satisfied D．attracted
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者突然意识到，我们会在不知道整个故事的情况下迅速对其他人作出评价，故选C。hit意为“使突然意识到”。 答案：C
12．A.extra C．common
B．valuable D．tough
解析：根据语境可推知，每个人都可能会面临困境。故选D。 答案：D
13．A.symptoms C．complaints
B．diseases D．weaknesses
解析：根据语境及下文中的“except for a few coughs”可推知，此处指的是一些不为人注意的症状(symptoms)。 答案：A 14．A.and C．or
B．but D．so
解析：根据语境可推知，前后两句是逻辑上的转折关系，故选B。 答案：B 15．A.bright C．real
B．dark D．serious
解析：与下文中的“terrifying”呼应可推知，此处表示因为难以治愈的疾病，作者的前途变得黑暗(dark)，故选B。 答案：B 16．A.change C．view
B．create D．tolerate
解析：根据上文中的“looked around”和“looked deeper”可推知，作者一直在观察生活，而在那天之后作者以一种新角度看待(view)世界，故选C。 答案：C 17．A.pitied C．challenged
B．forgave D．encouraged
解析：根据语境及下文中的“I thought only about myself and my heavy __18__.”
可推知，作者曾经因为自己的病而怜悯自己，故选A。 答案：A 18．A.debt C．burden
B．reward D．workload
解析：根据语境及空前的“heavy”可推知，不可治愈的病是作者沉重的负担(burden)，故选C。 答案：C 19．A.blessed C．laughing
B．favored D．suffering
解析：根据下文中的“everyone has their own mountain to face”可推知，人们都有要经历的苦难，故选D。 答案：D
20．A.changeable C．unique
B．perfect D．different
解析：根据语境可推知，每个人都不完美(perfect)，都有自己要应对的困境，我们只是需要接受自己原本的样子，故选B。 答案：B Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·豫南九校联考)Throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. Apart 1.____________ protection against the weather, clothes were also often used 2.____________ (show) the wearer's status and wealth. Over the years, many fashions in clothing have come and gone. While some of these have been popular for relatively short 3.____________ (period), others have lasted longer.
Until the first half of the 20th century, the ability to follow fashion was limited to those 4.____________ had the money to do so. But following fashion did not only demand money, it also required large amounts of time. Wealthy people took fashion very 5.____________ (serious) and close attention had to 6.____________ (pay)
to details. Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions 7.____________ (be) very important, despite the fact that this often meant 8.____________ (change) clothes five or six times a day.
More recently, fashionable clothes have come within the reach of ordinary people. The 9.____________ (tradition) methods of dressmaking, which usually involved sewing by hand, were both costly and slow. But today's clothing industry has made 10.____________ easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了时尚服装由最初的仅在有钱人中盛行到逐步进入普通人的生活的发展历程。
1．解析：考查固定用法。句意：除了抵御天气(的影响)，衣服还经常被用来显示穿衣者的地位和财富。apart from为固定搭配，意为“除了”，故填from。 答案：from
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”，故填to show。 答案：to show
3．解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：其中一些流行的时间相对较短，而另一些持续时间较长。period表示“一段时间；阶段；周期”时是可数名词，此处表示复数概念，应用复数形式，故填periods。 答案：periods
4．解析：考查定语从句。句意：直到20世纪上半叶，追随时尚的能力只限于那些有钱人。先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以填who。 答案：who
5．解析：考查词性转换。句意：富人对时尚非常重视，他们对细节的关注非常密切。空处修饰动词took，应用副词，take sth.seriously意为“认真对待某事；重视某事”。故填seriously。
答案：seriously
6．解析：考查动词的语态。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，pay与close attention之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动形式，且have to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“不得不做某事”，故填be paid。 答案：be paid
7．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在不同场合穿合适的衣服非常重要，尽管这通常意味着每天要换五到六次衣服。分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作谓语，主语Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions为动名词短语，表示单数概念，故谓语应用单数形式，根据上下文时态可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填was。 答案：was
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，本句中that后的从句已有谓语动词meant，空处在句中作meant的宾语，且mean在此作“意味着”讲，后应跟动名词作宾语，故填changing。 答案：changing
9．解析：考查词性转换。句意：传统制衣方法通常需要手工缝纫，既昂贵又缓慢。空处在句中修饰名词methods，应用形容词，故填traditional。 答案：traditional
10．解析：考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to keep up with changes in fashion...，空处是形式宾语，故填it。 答案：it
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