指示代词的七种用法知识点总结整理
一、指示代词this，that，these，those的功能
指示代词this，that，these，those具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中既可以相当于名词用来作主语、宾语和补语，又可以相当于形容词用来作定语。
1. 作主语。如： Are these your books? 这些是你的书吗？ Who's that speaking? 请问是哪位？（电话用语） This is what I want. 这正是我想要的。
2. 作宾语。如：
I will keep this in mind. 我会记住这一点的。 Do you like these? 你喜欢这些吗？
3. 作表语。如：
My idea is that. 那就是我的想法。
4. 作定语。如：
These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花非常漂亮。
They have decided to cancel the plan for these reasons. 因为这些原因他们已经决定取消这个计划。
5. this和that可在句中作状语，表示程度。如： The dictionary is about this thick. 那本字典有这么厚。
Elliott said he didn't want that much. 艾略特说他不想要那么多。 例题：
Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn't always much to do. A. such
B. that C. more D. very
【答案选B】句意为“在那儿工作有时候有点烦，因为没有太多的事情可做”。
二、that或those常用来指代在前面刚提到的东西或事情。如： We haven't got enough money. That's our trouble. 我们没有足够的资金，这就是我们的问题。 I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come. 我得了重感冒，这就是没来的原因。
Those are the problems we should solve. 这些就是我们应该解决的问题。
三、当所指事物被确定，指示代词用人称代词来替代。如： —Are those your pencils? —那些是你的铅笔吗？ —Yes，they are. —是的，它们是我的。
This book is very interesting，isn't it? 这本书很有趣，是吗？ —What's this? —这是什么？ —It's a knife. —这是把小刀。
This is Miss Chen. She is my English teacher. 这位是陈小姐，她是我的英语老师。
四、those可用来作定语从句的先行词。如： Those who do not want to go need not go. 不愿去的人就不必去。
Those who are able to work were given jobs. 能工作的人都给分配了工作。
五、that 和those可用来代替前面说过的名词。如：
These machines are much better than those (=those machines) we bought last year.
这些机器比我们去年买的那些要好得多。
The weather here is much colder than that (the weather) of my country.
这儿的天气比起我国的天气冷得多。
如果是代替单数可数名词的，应单用the one，而不用that。如： This room is much bigger than the one next door. 这个房间比隔壁的那间大得多。 注意：
当名词后有限制性定语时，名词前不用this或that表示“这个”或“那个”，要用the 。如：
May I have a look at the skirt you bought yesterday?
我能不能看一下你昨天买的裙子？（skirt后注有定语从意句you bought yesterday，其前要用the。）
What do you think of the proposals put forward by Mr Wang? 你觉得王先生提的建议怎么样？（proposals后有过去分词短语put forward by Mr Wang作定语，其前要用the。 例题：
1. The pears in my basket are smaller than in Jam's. A. it
B. that C. ones
D. those
【答案选D】those代替前边pears，如前边为pear就用that，ones为非特指。
2. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city. A. ones
B. one C. that D. those
【答案选C】从题意中可知要选的词应该代替“air”一词，而air 为不可数名词。A 代替的是可数名词的复数；B代替的是可数名词的单数；C代替不可数名词；D代替复数名词。
六、such的用法
指示代词such 的意思是“这样”，它具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语、补语、定语等。如：
1. 作主语。如： Such is life. 生活就是这样。
Such should not take place in a modern society. 这种事不应该发生在现代社会中。
2. 作宾语。如：
Take from the drawer such as you need. 从抽屉里拿你所需要的东西吧。
Just before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such. 正是在圣诞节前他们需要帮手来做布置圣诞树之类的事情。（and such 是一种习语）
3. 作表语（常与as和that从句连用）。如： The clouds were such as I never saw before. 我从未见过这样的云。
4. 作定语。如：
The foreign visitors said they had never seen such plants before. 这些外宾说他们以前从未见过这样的植物。
Keith was a silent, ambitious man. Such men usually succeed. 凯斯是个沉默寡言而有进取心的人。这种人通常能成功。
such 如果用来修饰可数名词单数形式时，可与不定冠词连用，并须置于不定冠词前。如： He is such a bore. 他是这样一个讨厌的人。 例题：
We have never seen exciting film before. A. such
B. so a C. such an D. such a
【答案选C】such+a +n.，exciting 以元音音素开头，用an。
七、so的用法
指示代词so的意思是“这样”，它具有名词的性质，常用作宾语和表语。如：
—I will go to see him today. —我今天去看他。 —Do so.
—那就去吧。（作宾语） Be it so. 这样就行。（作表语）
指示代词so常用在省略句中。如： —I don't like him. —我不喜欢他。 —Why so?
—为什么不喜欢？（＝Why is that so） 例题：
—Is Mrs Black really badly ill? — . She s in hospital. A. I don't think so C. I don't hope so
B. No, he isn't
D. I m afraid so
【答案选D】由“她住院了”可知，恐怕是这样。so代替了上句所说的情况。
指示代词so 常置于句首，后跟倒装结构，代替前文中已出现的动作，避免重复。如：
—I've seen that film. —我看过那部电影了。 —So have I. —我也看过了。 例题：
—Jim enjoys listening to pop music. — .
A. So does Helen B. Also is Helen C. Helen likes also D. So Helen does
【答案选A】区别“So does Helen”和“So Helen does”。当前一句子与so句主语是同一个人或事物时，表示“的确如上所述”，谓语不倒装；当前一句与so句主语不一致时，谓语倒装。
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