APayRiseorNot?
\"UnlessIgetarise,I'llhaveatalkwiththeboss,HenryManley,\"GeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycity,about50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,andthepaywasfarbetter.
GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn'tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhetookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.
HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.Thecompanywasindeeptroublebecause,amongotherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orderswerestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyforraises(加工资)forhisworkersSomehow,hehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.
http://www.123zcyy.com/HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.ThecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehimManleyrubbedhisforehead(前额);hisproblemsseemedendless.
1HenryManleywasalreadydeeplyindebt.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
2ThejobthathadbeenofferedtoGeorgeinBirminghampaidbetter.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
3IfGeorgetookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetoleavehisfamilyatWyeford.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
4HenryManley'scompanywasindeeptrouble.ARight
http://www.123zcyy.com/BWrongCNotmentioned
5HenryManley'scompanywasmakingenoughprofitstoraisetheworkers'wages.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
6HenryManleyhadnoideaatallwhyGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehim.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
7GeorgeStrongwasthebestengineerinHenryManley'scompany.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
阅读判断：1.C2.A3.B4.A5.B6.B7.C阅读判断
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该
http://www.123zcyy.com/句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
AIDS
TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysasmanyas10millionpersonsworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS(艾滋病).Expertsbelieveabout350thousandpersonshavethedisease.Andonemillionmoremaygetitinthenextfiveyears.IntheUnitedStates,about50,000personshavediedwithAIDS.Thecountry'stopmedicalofficialsaysmorethan90percentofallAmericanswhohadtheAIDSvirusfiveyearsagoaredead.
ThereisnocureforAIDSandnovaccine(疫苗)topreventit.However,researchersknowmuchmoreaboutAIDSthantheydidjustafewyearsago.WenowknowthatAIDSiscausedbyavirus.Thevirusinvadeshealthycells,includingwhitebloodcellsthatarepartofourdefensesystemagainstdisease.Ittakescontrolofthehealthycell'sgenetic(基因的)materialandforcesthecelltomakeacopyofthevirus.Thecellthendies.Andtheviralparticlesmoveontoinvadeandkillhealthiercells.
TheAIDSvirusiscarriedinaperson'sbodyfluids(液体).Theviruscanbepassedsexuallyorbysharinginstrumentsusedtotakeintravenous(进入静脉的)drugs.Italsocanbepassed
http://www.123zcyy.com/inbloodproductsorfromapregnantwomanwithAIDStoherdevelopingbaby.
ManystoriesaboutthespreadofAIDSarefalse.YoucannotgetAIDSbyworkingorattendingschoolwithsomeonewhohasthedisease.Youcannotgetitbytouchingdrinkingglassesorotherobjectsusedbysuchpersons.ExpertssaynoonehasgottenAIDSbylivingwith,caringforortouchinganAIDSpatient.
16AccordingtotheWHO,therearenow10millionAIDSpatientsintheworld.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
17AmericahasthelargestnumberofAIDSpatientsintheworld.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
18ThecauseofAIDSremainsamysterytoresearchers.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
19AIDSpatientstodaycannotbecuredyet.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
20ApregnantwomanwithAIDScannotpassthevirustoherdevelopingbaby.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
21ItisunlikelythattheAidsviruswillbepassedthrough
http://www.123zcyy.com/handshaking.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
22MenaremoreeasilyinfectedwithAIDSthanwomen.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned阅读判断16.B
17.C
18.B
19.A20.B21.A
22.C
第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
SurveyFindsManyWomenMisinformedaboutCancerSixty-threepercentofAmericanwomenthinkthatifthere’snofamilyhistoryofcancer,you’renotlikelytodevelopthedisease,anewsurveyfound.
Infact,mostpeoplewhodevelopcancerhavenofamilyhistoryofcancer,accordingtotheAmericanCollegeofObstetriciansandGynecologists(ACOG)(美国妇产科医师学会),whichsponsoredthesurvey.
“Toomanywomenaredyingfromcancer,“Dr.DouglasW.Laube,ACOG’simmediatepastpresident,saidduringaFridayteleconference.“Anestimated200,070womenwilldieinthe
http://www.123zcyy.com/U.S.thisyear,andover600,078womenwillbediagnosedwithcancer,Theresultsofthissurveyfoundaworrisome(令人担忧的)gapinwomen’sknowledgeaboutcancer.”
Basedonthefindings.ACOGisincreasingitseffortstoeducatewomenaboutcancerandtheneedforregularscreeningtests.
Althoughthesurveyfoundmanymisconceptions(错误观念)aboutcancer,76percentofwomensurveyeddidsaytheyfeelknowledgeableabouthowtheycanreducetheirriskofthedisease.
However,only52percentsaidtheyweredoingenoughtoreducethatrisk.And10percentsaidtheyhadn’tdoneanythinginthepastyeartolowertheirrisk.Seventeenpercentsaidtheywouldn’tchangetheirlifestyles,evenifchangeswouldlowertheircancerrisk.
Manywomensaidtheywereafraidtoundergoscreeningoutoffearoffindingcancer。Twentypercentsaidtheydidn’twanttoknowiftheyhadcancer.
Inresponsetothesefindings,ACOGwilllaunchonOct.29anewwebsite-Protect&Detect：WhatWomenShouldKnowaboutCancer.Theguideisdesignedtohelpwomentotakechargeoftheirhealthandimprovetheirunderstandingoftheirriskof
http://www.123zcyy.com/cancer-andthelifestylestepstheycantaketocutthatrisk.
16.ManyAmericanwomenhaveapoorknowledgeofcancerARightBWrongCNotmentioned
17.Peoplewithnofamilyhistoryofcancerareunlikelytodevelopcancer
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
18.MorewomenaredyingfromcancerthanmeninAmericaARightBWrongCNotmentioned
19.MostAmericanwomenknowtoolittleabouthowtolowertheircancerrisk
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
20.SomeAmericanwomenarejustunwillingtochangetheirlifestyles.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
21.SomeAmericanWomenaretooafraidoffindingcancertoundergoscreening
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
22.ACOG’seffortstoeducatewomenaboutcancerwillbegreatlyappreciated.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned阅读判断：BACBAAC
PrivacyWorryMayKeepHIVPatientsfromTherapy
http://www.123zcyy.com/PatientsinfectedwithHIVareoftenconcernedabout2theconfidentialityoftheirHIV-positivestatus.Infact,somepatientsaresoworriedthattheywillactuallygiveuptreatmenttopreventthereleaseofthisinformation,accordingtoareportpublishedintheAugustissueofAIDSCare.
Dr.KathrynWhetten-GoldsteinandcolleaguesfromDukeUniversity,
Durham,
North
Carolina3,
studied
the
confidentialityissuesof15HIV-infectedpatientsfromruralNorthCarolinalocations.Theyweredividedintogroupsdesignedtoexploretheirattitudestoward,andexperienceswith,breachesinconfidentiality.
“ThefearofabreachinconfidentialityisdefinitelyaffectingthecarethatHIV-infectedpatientsreceive,”Whetten-Goldstein
said.
“Most
studied
patients
had
experiencedorknewsomeonewhohadexperiencedabreachinconfidentiality.”
“Twotypesofbreachesoccurred,”Whetten-Goldsteinnoted.“Thefirstwasamoreobvioustypeofbreach.OneexamplewasanursewhotoldherchildthatherpatientwasHIV-positiveoutofconcernthatherchildwouldplaywiththepatient’schild.4”
“Theothertypeofbreachwasmoresubtle,onethat
http://www.123zcyy.com/providersmightnotconsiderbreaches,5”Whetten-Goldsteinexplained.“Thistypeofbreachinvolvesproviderstalkingaboutapatient’sHIVstatuswithoutthepatient’sknowledgeoftheinteraction.”
“Thelawallowsthesharingofinformationbetweenproviderswithinthesameinstitution,butpatient’sconsentmustbeobtainedbeforeprovidersatdifferentinstitutionscanshareinformation,”shepointedout.
“Patientsinthestudywantedproviderstotellthemwhentheyaregoingtoshareinformationwithotherprovidersandwhyitisbeingdone,”Whetten-Goldsteinsaid.“Theyalsofeltthatprovidersshouldbepunishedwhenabreachoccurs.”
“However,becausepatientsareoftenreluctanttoseeklegalactionwhichmayfurtherexposetheirstatus,theyfeltthatthesystemshouldregulateitself,”sheadded.
词汇：
privacy/'pr?v?s?/n.隐私,秘密breach/bri?t?/n.破坏,违反therapy/'θer?p?/n.疗法,治疗consent/k?n'sent/n.答应,允许
confidentiality/,k?nf?,den??'?l?t?/n.保密性regulate/'regj?le?t/vt.调整
http://www.123zcyy.com/注释：
1.HIV(humanimmunodeficiencyvirus):人类免疫缺陷病毒2.beconcernedabout:为……而担心(忧虑、烦恼)3.NorthCarolina：(美国)北卡罗来纳州
4.Oneexamplewas...withthepatient’schild.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。本句中who至thepatient’schild是nurse的定语从句,其中thatherpatientwasHIV-positive又是told的宾语从句;outofconcern(出于担心)是介词短语,作told的状语;而thatherchildwouldplaywiththepatient’schild则是concern的同位语从句。
5.onethatprovidersmightnotconsiderbreaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类。one是代词,代替type,作theothertype的同位语，that至breaches是one的定语从句，that在定语从句中作consider的宾语，breaches是宾语补足语。而provider则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生。
练习：
1.AllpatientsinthestudyrefusetoreceiveanytreatmentbecauseofthepossibilitytoexposetheirHIVstatus.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
2.WorryaboutbreachesinconfidentialityoftheHIVstatushasnothingtodowiththecurativeeffectsonpatients.
http://www.123zcyy.com/A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
3.Medicalworkersofaninstitutioncannotfreelyprovidetheir
HTV-patients’
information
to
those
of
other
institutions.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
4.WhetheranHIV-infectedpatientagreestoother(nothis)medicalworkers’sharingtheinformationabouthisHIVstatusisoneoftherightsgivenbytheconstitution.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
5.MostpatientsinthestudystronglyobjecttothebreachesintheconfidentialityoftheirHIVstatus.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
6.Quiteafewpatientswillfirmlydefendtheirownrightifsuchabreachoccurs.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
7.Breachesinconfidentialityarecommoninmedicalcirclesallovertheworld.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案与题解：
1.B第一段第二句说,“实际上,有些病人如此担心以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄露”，这里指的只是some,而不是all,故本题是错误的。
http://www.123zcyy.com/2.B第三段第一句说,“担心泄密必定影响HIV感染者所接受的治疗”，而本题却说它“与疗效无关”(havenothingtodowith)，显然是错误的。
3.A第六段说,“法律允许同一单位的医生共同使用病人资料,其他单位的医生必须征得病人同意才能使用这些资料”，故本题是正确的。
4.C本题说“病人是否同意其他医生使用他们的HIV病情资料是宪法赋予的权利之一”，通篇文章只在第六段说必须征得病人同意,而根本没有提到宪法,应属于没有提到的。
5.A本题说“大多数病人强烈反对泄露他们的HIV病情”，这与第七段第二句所说的“他们还认为泄密的医生应该受到惩罚”是相一致的,故应是正确的。
6.B本题说“如果发生泄密,许多病人(注意:quiteafew是“相当多”的意思,不是afew:几个)会坚决捍卫自己的权利”，这与第八段所说的“病人常常不愿意采取法律行动,因为这样会进一步暴露其病情”是不一致的,故应是错误的。
7.C本题说“泄密在世界各国的医务界都是常事”。文章第三段虽然指出大部分调查对象都有类似经历或者认识有过类似经历的人,但并没有提及这种事是否在世界范围内常常发生。
译文：对泄漏隐私的担忧影响HIV患者接受治疗
HIV患者经常担心自己的HIV阳性特征的保密性。8月份《艾滋护理》中的一篇报道说，实际上，一些患者如此担忧以至于真的要放
http://www.123zcyy.com/弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄漏。
北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的杜克大学的KathrynWhetten-Goldstein博士及其同事们把本州乡下的15名HIV患者作为研究对象，研究他们的保密性问题。研究对象被分成若干组，分别用于研究其在保密性这方面的态度、经历及违反情况。
“害怕泄漏隐私势必影响HIV患者接受治
疗，”Whetten-Goldstein说道，“大多数病人经历过泄密，或知道有人被泄密过。”
“泄密者有两个类型，”Whetten-Goldstein提到，“第一种泄密更为明显。例子之一就是某人护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩，所以就告诉自己的孩子，这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。”
“第二种泄密更为隐秘，医生可能不认为是泄漏个人机密，”维顿高德斯坦解释说，“这种泄密涉及那些未经患者知晓便讨论其HIV情况的医生们。”
“法律允许同一单位的医生可以共同使用病人资料，其他单位的医生必须征得病人同一才能使用这些材料。”她指出。
“研究表明，当医生与其他医生交流信息时，许多病人想让医生告诉他们且给出原因，”Whetten-Goldstein说道：“他们还认为泄密的医生应受到惩罚。”
“但是由于病人常常不愿意采取法律行动，因为这样会进一步暴露其病情，他们感到这一系统本身需要做出调整。”她补充说。FoodandCancer
http://www.123zcyy.com/Medicalexpelshavesuspectedformanyyearsthatthereisastronglinkbetweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanewstudyprovidesthefirstevidence1thatvitaminscouldreduceaperson’schanceofdevelopingcancer.AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy.TheyarefromAmericanNationalCancerInstitute2andtheCancerInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences3inBeijing.TheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitutepublishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousandpeoplebetweentheagesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.TheywerefromthenortherncentralChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsandmineralseverydayforfiveyears.
Linxianwaschosenbecausethepeopletherehaveallextremelyhighrateofcancerofstomachandesophagus.Researchersbelievethatfungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartlyresponsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchersdividedthoseintoeightgroups.Sevenofthegroupsreceiveddifferentmixturesofvitaminsandmineralsdaily.Theamountsofthevitaminsandmineralswere1to2timesgreaterthanwhatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.Theeighthgroupreceivedsugarpills4thathadnoeffect.ThosewhoseemedtogainthemostreceivedamixtureofaformofvitaminAcalled
http://www.123zcyy.com/β–carotene,vitaminEandthemineralselenium.Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedtopreventdamagetocellscausedbycancer-causingsubstances.Researchersreporteda13percentdropincancerratesinthosewhotookβ–carotene,vitaminEandselenium5.Theyalsofounda10percentdropinthenumberofdeathscausedbystrokesfromburstingbloodvessels.
Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowiftheeffectwouldbethesameamongpeopleinothercountries.TheynotethatthepeopleinLinxianeatfoodsthatlacknecessaryvitaminsandminerals.ChineseofficialswillcontinuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeopleinLinxianformanyyears.Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingtheresultsofthestudy.TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxianandothersmalltownsinChina.
词汇：
esophagus食道mixture.混合物;合成品;混合药fungus菌类carotene胡萝卜素mold霉;霉菌selenium.硒注释：
1.thefirstevidence：第一手证据
2.AmericanNationalCancerInstitute：美国国家癌症研究所3.theCancerInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofMedical
http://www.123zcyy.com/Sciences：中国医学科学院癌症研究所
4.sugarpills：糖丸
5.amixtureofaformofvitaminAcalledβ–carotene,vitaminEandthemineralselenium:一种叫做β–胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物
练习:
1.Theresultsofthenewstudyareunexpected.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
2.Amongthescientiststhatdidthestudy,therearemoreChinesethanAmericans.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned3.Thestudylastedforaboutfiveyears.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
4.TherateofcancerofstomachandesophagusinLinxianisthehighestinChina.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
5.FungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartlyresponsibleforthehighcancerrateinLinxian.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
6.Allthosepeoplewhotookpartinthestudyreceivedvitaminsandminerals.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
http://www.123zcyy.com/7.Theresultsofthestudyareofgreatsignificancetopeopleeverywhere.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案与题解:
1.B文章一开头便提到,医学专家们多年来一直怀疑,人们的饮食与癌症有着密切的联系。这项新的研究恰恰证实了这一点。故B为答案。
2.C文中说来自中美两家研究所的科学家们共同进行了此项研究,并没有提及具体人数。故C为答案。
3.A文章第一段提到大多数实验对象连续5年每天服用了各种维生素及矿物质,由此可以得出答案。故A为答案。
4.C文章第二段的开头说林县人胃癌及食道癌发病率极高,但并没有说在国内是最高的。故C为答案。
5A文章第二段中提到,研究者们认为,此地食物中的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的一个原因。故A为答案。
6.B文章第二段中提到,研究者们把实验对象分成8组,其中的7组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物,第8组服用毫无作用的糖丸。故B为答案。
7.B文章最后一段提到,科学家们告诫人们,判断此结果对其他国家的人是否同样有效还为时过早。故B为答案。
译文：食物和癌症
医学专家们很多年来一直怀疑人们的饮食与癌症有着密切地联
http://www.123zcyy.com/系。他们说，一项新的研究提供了第一手证据证明维生素可以降低人患癌症的概率。做这项研究的是一队中美科学家。他们来自美国国家癌症研究所和北京的中国医学科学院癌症研究所。《国家癌症研究所杂志》发布了这项研究结果。大约3万40岁到69岁之间的人参与了这项研究。他们来自中国中北部的林县。他们中大部分人连续五年每天服用维生素和矿物质。
选中林县是因为那里的人们患胃癌和食道癌的比例很高。研究者认为，当地食物的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的原因之一。研究者把这些人分为8组。其中7组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物。这些维生素和矿物质的量比美国医学官员所说的必需量高一到两倍。第8组服用没有任何效力的糖丸。那些获取最多的人服用的是一种就做β-胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物。人们相信维生素和矿物质可以阻止致癌物质破坏细胞。研究者报告，那些服用β-胡萝卜素、维生素E和硒的人群中患癌率降低了13%。他们同样发现这个人群中脑溢血死亡率降低了10%。
科学家们警告说，现在还不知道这些效果在别的国家的人群中是否一样。他们指出，林县人吃的食物缺少必要的维生素和矿物质。中国官方将在今后许多年继续记录林县人的健康状况。现在，官方声称在考虑使用这项研究成果，他们希望寻找到一条提高林县和中国其他小村镇人民健康的途径。
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