二语习得论文

What is Second Language Acquisition? At first, we have to discuss the two basic problems of Second Language Acquisition. One is logical problem. It means that how the Second Language Acquisition is possible. An attractive speculation is that children learn their mother tough naturally because their life is in the native environment and they get in touch with each other in daily life. However, the animals, such as dogs and cats, they live in the same environment as human beings but they can’t communicate with human languages like humans. This shows us that being exposure to language is a necessary condition for language acquisition rather than a sufficient condition. There is also a mismatch between the input (the utterance that the child is exposed to ) and the output(the unconscious grammatical knowledge that the child acquires. ) This mismatch gives rise to what is known as the problem of the poverty of the stimulus or the logical problem of language acquisition. Given such understand termination, the claim is that it would be impossible to account for the L1 acquirers’ achievement without postulating a built-in system of universal linguistic principle and grammatical properties. Another is developmental problem. As we all know that the development of the language acquisition has to follow certain sequence and steps. One of the representatives of the early Applied Lingustics, Peter.Cod said the primary purpose of second language acquisition

research is to find a second language natural route of development. Based on this, we can improve the speed and effectiveness through making the order of the presentation of teaching materials and the order of the language development of learners in line with.

When we do the research, we focus on these four points of the Second Language Acquisition’s theoretical framework. The First point is the language characteristics for the SLA learner. It consists of errors, acquisition orders and developmental, variability and pragmatic features. The Second point is learner external factors. We have to pay attention to the social context and the input and interaction. The third one is learner internal mechanisms. We can find that what the learner’s first language has an important role in the L2 learning. It refers to the L1 transfer, learning processes, communication strategies, and the knowledge of linguistic universals. The last one is the language learner himself or herself.

To sum up, the aim of the SLA is to describe and explain. Furthermore, SLA is a subject which crosses many subjects, such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, cognitive science, culture and so on.

The influence of native language to Second language

According to the opinion of traditional linguistics, the native language only has a negative influence or interference on Second Language

Acquisition. But the view just stands for one side. Everyone who has learned a second language can feel that the native language has an important part in the second language Acquisition. The obvious example is that the month tough influences the foreign language a lot. For example, Chinese speak English with Chinese accent more or less. What’s more, the habit of using native language can influence the way of expressing that is called as “the country type of foreign language ” just like Chinglish. This is why some of the authors think that the native language has a negative influence on the Second Language Acquisition. However, these points of view can persuade us. They can’t show the essence of language learning and also can’t reveal the connation between the native language and the Second Language Acquisition. As the “Chinese English” example of above, it is the native language influence but in fact, we can’t deny that the native language help the learner to finish the task of communicating. When we are learning the foreign language, especially in the beginning of the middle state, they often “borrow” the knowledge and the ability of native language to finish the learning task and acquire the aim to communicate because there is a deep difference level between native language and foreign language. This is not only the strategy of the learners but also the necessary way on the process of Second Language Acquisition. Therefore, to foreign language learners, native language should not be only

considered as being negative or disturbs. Actually, in some way, native language can do a favor to foreign language learning.

Why native language can help the foreign language learning? Although all the languages have difference between each other, in essence, language is human common attributes , has close relationship with human’s thinking and is the efficient way to human to express at the same time. Human’s thinking is common, therefore, the tool—language to express is in common too. As Fromkin and Rodman pointed that as the more research linguists done and the more detailed described, we can find these difference is limited. And Linguistic Universals which are made of the part, the connection and the form of grammar are the basic of the particular grammar of each language. As a result, everyone has known the Linguistic Universals when he or she learns native language. This means that the learner’s native language lays the foundation of learning foreign language. So the common of human language promotes the Second Language Acquisition and according to this ,native language has a positive influence on Second Language Acquisition。