ChemicalAdmixturesforConcrete1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC494/C494M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.
e1NOTE—Rangevaluein12.2.2waseditoriallycorrectedJuly2001.
1.Scope
1.1Thisspecificationcoversmaterialsforuseaschemicaladmixturestobeaddedtohydraulic-cementconcretemixturesinthefieldforthepurposeorpurposesindicatedfortheseventypesasfollows:
1.1.1TypeA—Water-reducingadmixtures,1.1.2TypeB—Retardingadmixtures,1.1.3TypeC—Acceleratingadmixtures,
1.1.4TypeD—Water-reducingandretardingadmixtures,1.1.5TypeE—Water-reducingandacceleratingadmixtures,1.1.6TypeF—Water-reducing,highrangeadmixtures,and1.1.7TypeG—Water-reducing,highrange,andretardingadmixtures.
1.2Thisspecificationstipulatestestsofanadmixturewithsuitableconcretingmaterialsasdescribedin11.1-11.3orwithcement,pozzolan,aggregates,andanair-entrainingadmixtureproposedforspecificwork(11.4).Unlessspecifiedotherwisebythepurchaser,thetestsshallbemadeusingconcretingmaterialsasdescribedin11.1-11.3.
NOTE1—Itisrecommendedthat,wheneverpracticable,testsbemadeusingthecement,pozzolan,aggregates,air-entrainingadmixture,andthemixtureproportions,batchingsequence,andotherphysicalconditionsproposedforthespecificwork(11.4)becausethespecificeffectsproducedbychemicaladmixturesmayvarywiththepropertiesandproportionsoftheotheringredientsoftheconcrete.Forinstance,TypesFandGadmixturesmayexhibitmuchhigherwaterreductioninconcretemixtureshavinghighercementfactorsthanthatlistedin12.1.1.
Mixtureshavingahighrangewaterreductiongenerallydisplayahigherrateofslumploss.Whenhigh-rangeadmixturesareusedtoimpartincreasedworkability(6to8-in.slump[150to200–mm]),theeffectmaybeoflimitedduration,revertingtotheoriginalslumpin30to60mindependingonfactorsnormallyaffectingrateofslumploss.Theuseofchemicaladmixturestoproducehigh-slump(flowing)concreteiscoveredbySpecificationC1017.
NOTE2—Thepurchasershouldensurethattheadmixturesuppliedforuseintheworkisequivalentincompositiontotheadmixturesubjectedtotestunderthisspecification(seeSection6,UniformityandEquivalence).NOTE3—Admixturesthatcontainrelativelylargeamountsofchloridemayacceleratecorrosionofprestressingsteel.Compliancewiththe
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC09onConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC9.23onChemicalAdmixtures.
CurrenteditionapprovedOct.10,1999.PublishedDecember1999.OriginallypublishedasC494–62.LastpreviouseditionC494–99.
1requirementsofthisspecificationdoesnotconstituteassuranceofaccep-tibilityoftheadmixtureforuseinprestressedconcrete.
1.3Thisspecificationprovidesforthreelevelsoftesting.1.3.1Level1—Duringtheinitialapprovalstage,proofofcompliancewiththeperformancerequirementsdefinedinTable1demonstratesthattheadmixturemeetstherequire-mentsofthisspecification.UniformityandequivalencetestsofSection6shallbecarriedouttoprovideresultsagainstwhichlatercomparisonscanbemade.
1.3.2Level2—Limitedretestingisdescribedin5.2,5.2.1and5.2.2.ProofofcompliancewiththerequirementsofTable1demonstratescontinuedconformityoftheadmixturewiththerequirementsofthespecification.
1.3.3Level3—Foracceptanceofalotorformeasuringuniformitywithinorbetweenlots,whenspecifiedbythepurchaser,theuniformityandequivalencetestsofSection6shallbeused.
1.4Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundorSIunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother,withoutcombiningvaluesinanyway.
1.5Thetextofthisstandardreferencesnotesandfootnoteswhichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shallnotbeconsideredasrequirementsofthestandard.
1.6Thefollowingprecautionarycaveatpertainsonlytothetestmethodsections,Sections11-18ofthisSpecification:Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimita-tionspriortouse.
2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:
C33SpecificationforConcreteAggregates2C39/C39MTestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofCy-lindricalConcreteSpecimens2C78TestMethodforFlexuralStrengthofConcrete(Using
2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol04.02.
Copyright©ASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.
1
TABLE1PhysicalRequirementsATypeA,WaterReducing
TypeC,Acceler-ating
TypeD,WaterReducingandRetarding95
TypeE,WaterReducingandAccelerating95
TypeF,WaterReducing,HighRange88
TypeG,WaterReducing,HighRangeandRetarding88
TypeB,Retarding
Watercontent,max,%ofcontrol
Timeofsetting,allowabledeviationfromcontrol,h:min:Initial:atleastnotmorethan
95......
Final:atleastnotmorethan
...
1:00earliernor1:30later...
1:00earliernor1:30later
1:00later3:30later1:00earlier3:30earlier1:00later3:30later1:00earlier3:30earlier
...
3:30later1:00earlier......
3:30later1:00earlier...
...
1:00earliernor1:30later...
1:00earliernor1:30later
1:00later3:30later
...
3:30later
Compressivestrength,min,%ofcontrol:B1day3days7days28days6months1year
Flexuralstrength,min,%control:B3days7days28days
Lengthchange,maxshrinkage(alternativerequirements):CPercentofcontrol
IncreaseovercontrolRelativedurabilityfactor,minDA...110110110100100...9090909090...1251001009090...110110110100100...125110110100100140125115110100100125125115110100100
10010010090909011010090100100100110100100110100100110100100
1350.010801350.010801350.010801350.010801350.010801350.010801350.01080
Thevaluesinthetableincludeallowancefornormalvariationintestresults.Theobjectofthe90%compressivestrengthrequirementforaType-Badmixtureistorequirealevelofperformancecomparabletothatofthereferenceconcrete.BThecompressiveandflexuralstrengthoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestatanytestageshallbenotlessthan90%ofthatattainedatanyprevioustestage.Theobjectiveofthislimitistorequirethatthecompressiveorflexuralstrengthoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestshallnotdecreasewithage.CAlternativerequirements,see17.1.4,%ofcontrollimitapplieswhenlengthchangeofcontrolis0.030%orgreater;increaseovercontrollimitapplieswhenlengthchangeofcontrolislessthan0.030%.DThisrequirementisapplicableonlywhentheadmixtureistobeusedinair-entrainedconcretewhichmaybeexposedtofreezingandthawingwhilewet.
SimpleBeamwithThird-PointLoading)2C136TestMethodforSieveAnalysisofFineandCoarseAggregates2C138TestMethodforUnitWeight,Yield,andAirContent(Gravimetric)ofConcrete2C143/C143MTestMethodforSlumpofHydraulic-CementConcrete2C150SpecificationforPortlandCement3C157/C157MTestMethodforLengthChangeofHard-enedHydraulic-CementMortarandConcrete2C183PracticeforSamplingandtheAmountofTestingofHydraulicCement3C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTestSpecimensintheLaboratory2C231TestMethodforAirContentofFreshlyMixedConcretebythePressureMethod2C260SpecificationforAir-EntrainingAdmixturesforCon-crete2C403/C403MTestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcreteMixturesbyPenetrationResistance23C666TestMethodforResistanceofConcretetoRapidFreezingandThawing2C1017SpecificationforChemicalAdmixturesforUseinProducingFlowingConcrete2D75PracticeforSamplingAggregates2D1193SpecificationforReagentWater4E100SpecificationforASTMHydrometers5ManualofAggregateandConcreteTesting22.2AmericanConcreteInstituteStandard:
ACI211.1–91StandardPracticeforSelectingProportionsforNormal,Heavyweight,andMassConcrete63.Terminology3.1Definitions:
3.1.1acceleratingadmixture—anadmixturethatacceler-atesthesettingandearlystrengthdevelopmentofconcrete.3.1.2retardingadmixture—anadmixturethatretardsthesettingofconcrete.
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol11.01.AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol14.03.6AvailablefromtheAmericanConcreteInstitute,38800CountryClubDrive,FarmingtonHills,MI48331.
54AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol04.01.
3.1.3water-reducingadmixture—anadmixturethatreducesthequantityofmixingwaterrequiredtoproduceconcreteofagivenconsistency.
3.1.4water-reducingadmixture,highrange—anadmixturethatreducesthequantityofmixingwaterrequiredtoproduceconcreteofagivenconsistencyby12%orgreater.
3.1.5water-reducingandacceleratingadmixture—anad-mixturethatreducesthequantityofmixingwaterrequiredtoproduceconcreteofagivenconsistencyandacceleratesthesettingandearlystrengthdevelopmentofconcrete.
3.1.6water-reducingandretardingadmixture—anadmix-turethatreducesthequantityofmixingwaterrequiredtoproduceconcreteofagivenconsistencyandretardsthesettingofconcrete.
3.1.7water-reducing,highrange,andretardingadmixture—anadmixturethatreducesthequantityofmixingwaterrequiredtoproduceconcreteofagivenconsistencyby12%orgreaterandretardsthesettingofconcrete.
4.OrderingInformation
4.1Thepurchasershallspecifythetypeofchemicaladmix-turedesired.
5.GeneralRequirements
5.1Forinitialcompliancewiththisspecification,testcon-creteinwhicheachtypeofadmixtureshownin1.1isusedshallconformtotherespectiverequirementsprescribedinTable1.
5.2Thepurchaserisallowedtorequirealimitedretestingtoconfirmcurrentcomplianceoftheadmixturetospecificationrequirements.Thelimitedretestingwillcoverphysicalprop-ertiesandperformanceoftheadmixture.
5.2.1Thephysicalpropertiesretestingshallconsistofuniformityandequivalencetestsforinfraredanalysis,residuebyovendryingandspecificgravity.
5.2.2Theperformancepropertyretestingshallconsistofwatercontentoffreshconcrete,settingtimeandcompressivestrengthat3,7and28days.Purchasershavingspecialrequirementsareallowedtorequireadditionaltestscurrentlyinthisstandard.
5.3Attherequestofthepurchaser,themanufacturershallstateinwritingthattheadmixturesuppliedforuseintheworkisidenticalinallessentialrespects,includingconcentration,totheadmixturetestedunderthisspecification.
5.4Attherequestofthepurchaser,whentheadmixtureistobeusedinprestressedconcrete,themanufacturershallstateinwritingthechloridecontentoftheadmixtureandwhetherornotchloridehasbeenaddedduringitsmanufacture.
5.5Testsforuniformityandequivalence,asindicatedinSection6,shallbemadeontheinitialsampleandtheresultsretainedforreferenceandcomparisonwiththeresultsoftestsofsamplestakenfromelsewherewithinthelotorsubsequentlotsofadmixturesuppliedforuseinthework.
6.UniformityandEquivalence
6.1Whenspecifiedbythepurchaser,theuniformityofalot,ortheequivalenceofdifferentlotsfromthesamesourceshallbeestablishedbytheuseofthefollowingrequirements:
6.1.1InfraredAnalysis—Theabsorptionspectraoftheini-
tialsampleandthetestsample,obtainedasspecifiedin18.1,shallbeessentiallysimilar.
6.1.2ResiduebyOvenDrying(LiquidAdmixtures)—Whendriedasspecifiedin18.2,theoven-driedresiduesoftheinitialsampleandofsubsequentsamplesshallbewithinarangeofvariationofnotgreaterthan5percentagepoints.
6.1.3ResiduebyOvenDrying(NonliquidAdmixtures)—Whendriedasspecifiedin18.3,theoven-driedresiduesoftheinitialsampleandofthesubsequentsamplesshallbewithinarangeofvariationnotgreaterthan4percentagepoints.
6.1.4SpecificGravity(LiquidAdmixtures)—Whentestedasspecifiedin18.4,thespecificgravityofsubsequenttestsamplesshallnotdifferfromthespecificgravityoftheinitialsamplebymorethan10%ofthedifferencebetweenthespecificgravityoftheinitialsampleandthatofreagentwateratthesametemperature.ReagentwaterconformingtoSpeci-ficationD1193,TypesIIIorIV,andpreparedbydistillationionexchange,reverseosmosis,electrodialysis,oracombina-tionoftheseproceduresisadequate.
6.2Whenthenatureoftheadmixtureortheanalyticalcapabilityofthepurchasermakesomeoralloftheseproce-duresunsuitable,otherrequirementsforuniformityandequivalencefromlottolotorwithinalotshallbeestablishedbyagreementbetweenthepurchaserandthemanufacturer.7.PackagingandMarking
7.1Whentheadmixtureisdeliveredinpackagesorcon-tainers,theproprietarynameoftheadmixture,thetypeunderthisspecification,andthenetweightorvolumeshallbeplainlymarkedthereon.Similarinformationshallbeprovidedintheshippingadvicesaccompanyingpackagedorbulkshipmentsofadmixtures.
8.Storage
8.1Theadmixtureshallbestoredinsuchamannerastopermiteasyaccessforproperinspectionandidentificationofeachshipment,andinasuitableweathertightbuildingthatwillprotecttheadmixturefromdampnessandfreezing.
9.SamplingandInspection
9.1Everyfacilityshallbeprovidedthepurchaserforcarefulsamplingandinspection,eitheratthepointofmanufactureoratthesiteofthework,asspecifiedbythepurchaser.
9.2Samplesshallbeeither“grab”or“composite”samples,asspecifiedorrequiredbythisspecification.Agrabsampleisoneobtainedinasingleoperation.Acompositesampleisoneobtainedbycombiningthreeormoregrabsamples.
9.3Forthepurposesofthisspecification,itisrecognizedthatsampleswillbetakenfortworeasons:
9.3.1QualityTests—Asampletakenforthepurposeofevaluatingthequalityofasourceorlotofadmixturewillberequiredtomeetalltheapplicablerequirementsofthisspecification.Samplesusedtodetermineconformancewiththerequirementsofthisspecificationshallbecompositesofgrabsamplestakenfromsufficientlocationstoensurethatthecompositesamplewillberepresentativeofthelot.
9.3.2UniformityandEquivalenceTests—Whenspecifiedbythepurchaser,asampletakenforthepurposeofevaluatingtheuniformityofasinglelot,orequivalenceofdifferentlots
fromonesourceshallbetestedasprovidedinSection6.Suchsamplesshallbecompositesamplesfromindividuallotswhendifferentlotsfromthesamesourcearebeingcompared.Whentheuniformityofasinglelotisbeingdetermined,grabsamplesshallbeused.
9.4LiquidAdmixtures—Liquidadmixturesshallbeagitatedthoroughlyimmediatelypriortosampling.Grabsamplestakenforqualityoruniformitytestsshallrepresentaunitshipmentorasingleproductionlot.Eachgrabsampleshallhaveavolumeofatleast1pt[0.5L].Aminimumofthreegrabsamplesshallbetaken.Compositesamplesshallbepreparedbythoroughlymixingthegrabsamplesselectedandtheresultantmixturesampledtoprovideatleast1gal[4L]forqualitytests.Grabsamplesshallbetakenfromdifferentlocationswelldistributedthroughoutthequantitytoberepresented.
9.4.1Admixturesinbulkstoragetanksshallbesampledequallyfromtheupper,intermediate,andlowerlevelsbymeansofdraincocksinthesidesofthetanksoraweightedsamplingbottlefittedwithastopperthatcanberemovedafterthebottleisloweredtothedesireddepth.
9.4.2Samplesshallbepackagedinimpermeable,airtightcontainerswhichareresistanttoattackbytheadmixture.9.5NonliquidAdmixtures—Grabsamplestakenforqualityoruniformitytestsshallrepresentnotmorethan2tons[2Mg]ofadmixtureandshallweighatleast2lb[haveamassofatleast1kg].Aminimumoffourgrabsamplesshallbetaken.Compositesamplesshallbepreparedbythoroughlymixingthegrabsamplesselectedandtheresultantmixturesampledtoprovideatleast5lb[2.5kg]forthecompositesample.Grabsamplesshallbetakenfromdifferentlocationswelldistributedthroughoutthequantitytoberepresented.
9.5.1SamplesofpackagedadmixturesshallbeobtainedbymeansofatubesamplerasdescribedinPracticeC183.
9.5.2Samplesshallbepackagedinmoisture-proof,airtightcontainers.
9.6Samplesshallbethoroughlymixedbeforetestingtoensureuniformity.Whenrecommendedbythemanufacturer,theentiresampleofanonliquidadmixtureshallbedissolvedinwaterpriortotesting.10.Rejection
10.1Forinitialcompliancetesting,thepurchaserisallowedtorejecttheadmixtureifitfailstomeetanyoftheapplicablerequirementsforthisspecification.
10.2Forlimitedretesting,thepurchaserisallowedtorejecttheadmixtureifitfailstomeetanyoftherequirementsoftheUniformityandEquivalenceSectionandoftheapplicablepartsofTable1.
10.3Anadmixturestoredatthepointofmanufacture,formorethan6monthspriortoshipment,oranadmixtureinlocalstorageinthehandsofavendorformorethan6months,aftercompletionoftests,shallberetestedbeforeusewhenrequestedbythepurchaserandisallowedtoberejectedifitfailstoconformtoanyoftheapplicablerequirementsofthisspecifi-cation.
10.4Packagesorcontainersvaryingmorethan5%fromthespecifiedweightorvolumeareallowedtoberejected.Iftheaverageweightorvolumeof50packagestakenatrandomis
lessthanthatspecified,theentireshipmentisallowedtoberejected.
10.5Whentheadmixtureistobeusedinnon-air-entrainedconcrete,itshallberejectedwhenthepurchaserdesiresifthetestconcretecontainingithasanaircontentgreaterthan3.5%;whentheadmixtureistobeusedinair-entrainedconcrete,itcanberejectedifthetestconcretecontainingithasanaircontentgreaterthan7.0%.
TESTMETHODS
NOTE4—Thesetestsarebasedonarbitrarystipulationswhichmakepossiblehighlystandardizedtestinginthelaboratoryandarenotintendedtosimulateactualjobconditions.
11.Materials
TESTSNOTFORASPECIFICUSE
11.1Cement—Thecementusedinanyseriesoftestsshallbeeitherthecementproposedforaspecificuseinaccordancewith11.4,aTypeIorTypeIIcementconformingtoSpecifi-cationC150,orablendoftwoormorecements,inequalparts.EachcementoftheblendshallconformtotherequirementsofeitherTypeIorTypeII,SpecificationC150.Ifwhenusingacementotherthanthatproposedforspecificwork,theaircontentoftheconcretemadewithoutadmixture,testedasprescribedin14.3,ismorethan3.5%,selectadifferentcement,orblend,sothattheaircontentoftheconcretewillbe3.5%orless.
11.2Aggregates—Exceptwhentestsaremadeinaccor-dancewith11.4usingtheaggregatesproposedforaspecificuse,thefineandcoarseaggregatesusedinanyseriesoftestsshallcomefromsinglelotsofwell-graded,soundmaterialsthatconformtotherequirementsofSpecificationC33,exceptthatthegradingoftheaggregatesshallconformtothefollowingrequirements:
11.2.1FineAggregateGrading:
Sieve
WeightPercent
PassingNo.4[4.75-mm]100No.16[1.18-mm]65to75No.50[300µm]12to20No.100[150µm]
2to5
11.2.2CoarseAggregateGrading—Thecoarseaggregateshallmeettherequirementsforsizenumber57ofSpecificationC33.Takecareinloadinganddeliverytoavoidsegregation.11.2.3Thecoarseaggregateusedforeachsetofreferenceconcreteandcomparabletestadmixture-treatedconcreteshallbeessentiallythesame.Therefore,asetoftestconcreteconsistsofonereferenceconcreteandasmanytestadmixture-containingconcretesasareintendedtobecomparedtothatonereference.Thus,coarseaggregateforonesetshallconsistofenoughmaterialforonereferenceconcrete,thetestadmixture-containingconcretetobecomparedwiththatreferenceandthesampleforgradinganalysistesting.
11.2.3.1Preparecoarseaggregateforaset,comprisingasamplelargeenoughforconcretetrials,asfollows:Filltaredcontainers,oneeachforasample,abatchofreferenceconcreteandoneormoretestconcretestotherequiredmassfromtheaggregatestockpile.Accomplishthisbystartingwithascoop-fulintothefirstcontainerandrepeatthisprocedureuntilall
containershavetheirrequiredmass.Repeattheprocessforeachofthethreeormoresetsneeded.Oneormoresparesetsmaybeneeded.SeetheAppendixofPracticeD75,SamplingfromStockpiles,andtheManualofAggregateandConcreteTestingforguidanceforconditionsandprocedures.
11.2.4TestcoarseaggregatesamplesrepresentingeachsetbyMethodC136requirementsforthesievesshownbelow.Discardanysetforwhichthesampledoesnotcomplywithsize57.Averagetestresultsforsampleswhichcomplywithsize57foreachsievesize.Discardanysetforwhichthesampledeviatesfromthisaveragebymorethantheamountshownincolumn3.Continuetheprocessofpreparation,testingandaveraginguntilsufficientsetsofaggregatewithintoleranceareobtained.
SieveSpecificationC33,No.57
Maximumvariationfrom
PercentPassing
average/passing
11⁄2in.[37.5-mm]1000.01.00in.[25.0-mm]95to1001.01⁄2in.[12.5-mm]25to604.0No.4[4.75-mm]0to104.0No.8[2.36-mm]
0to5
1.0
NOTE5—Alloftheresultsrequiredfordemonstratingcomplianceunderthisspecificationaredependentontheuniformityoftheaggregatesamplespreparedandused.Careful,skilledandwell-supervisedworkisessential.
11.3Air-EntrainingAdmixture—Exceptwhentestsaremadeinaccordancewith11.4usingtheair-entrainingadmix-tureproposedforspecificwork,theair-entrainingadmixtureusedintheconcretemixturesspecifiedinSection12shallbeamaterialsuchthatwhenusedtoentrainthespecifiedamountofairintheconcretemixturewillgiveconcreteofsatisfactoryresistancetofreezingandthawing.Thematerialtobesousedwillbedesignatedbythepersonoragencyforwhomthetestingistobeperformed.Ifnomaterialisdesignated,“neutralizedVinsolresin”7shallbeused.Accomplishneutral-izationbytreating100partsofVinsolresinwith9to15partsofNaOHbymass.Inanaqueoussolution,theratioofwatertotheresinateshallnotexceed12to1bymass.
TESTSFORSPECIFICUSES
11.4MaterialsforTests—Theeffectsofachemicaladmix-tureonthetimeofsettingandwaterrequirementofconcreteareknowntovarywiththetimeofitsadditionduringthebatchingandmixingsequence.Totestachemicaladmixtureforuseinspecificwork,thecement,pozzolan,aggregates,andair-entrainingadmixtureusedshallberepresentativeofthoseproposedforuseinthework.Addthechemicaladmixtureinthesamemannerandatthesametimeduringthebatchingandmixingsequenceasitwillbeaddedonthejob.Proportiontheconcretemixturestohavethecementcontentspecifiedforuseinthework.Ifthemaximumsizeofcoarseaggregateisgreaterthan1in.[25.0mm],screentheconcreteovera1-in.[25.0-mm]sievepriortofabricatingthetestspecimens.
11.4.1OtherUseConditions—Otherconditionsareknowntoaffecttheoverallsuitabilityoftheconcretemixtureforspecificintendeduses.Theseincludethetemperatureofthematerialsorthesurroundings,thehumidity,thelengthoftime
7VinsolresinismanufacturedbyHerculesInc.,Wilmington,DE.
betweenmixingandplacing,theamountofmixingactivityandotherfactors.Thesephysicalconditionsmaybeincorporatedintothetestswithintentionforindicatingthepotentialinter-actions.Thesetestswouldbeonlyforguidance.Afterincor-porationofsuchtestconditionsitwouldnotbesuitabletoexpectcompliancewiththisspecificationrequirement.
11.5PreparationandBatching—PrepareallmaterialandmakeallweighingsasprescribedinPracticeC192/C192M.12.ProportioningofConcreteMixtures
12.1Proportions—Exceptwhentestsarebeingmadeforspecificuses,allconcreteshallbeproportionedusingACI211.1–91toconformtotherequirementsdescribedin12.1.1-12.1.4.Afterevaluationofthetrialmixtures,aggregatepro-portionsshallbeadjustedasneededtoobtainworkable,cohesivemixtureswiththecorrectyieldtoobtaintherequiredcontents.Unlessotherwisespecified,theadmixtureshallbeaddedwiththefirstincrementofmixingwaterthatisaddedtothemixer.
12.1.1Thecementcontentshallbe51765lb/yd3[30763kg/m3].
12.1.2Forthefirsttrialmixture,refertothetableonvolumeofcoarseaggregateperunitvolumeofconcreteinACI211.1–91forguidanceontheamountofcoarseaggrgatetouse,giventhenominalmaximumsizeoftheaggregateandthefinenessmodulusofthefineaggregatebeingused(seeNote6
NOTE6—ValuesinthereferencedtableofACI211.1–91areintendedtoensureworkablemixtureswiththeleastfavorablecombinationsofaggregatelikelytobeused.Itissuggested,therefore,thatforacloserapproximationoftheproportionsrequiredforthistest,thevaluesselectedfromthistablebeincreasedbyabout7forthefirsttrialmixture.
12.1.3Forthenon-air-entrainedmixtures,theaircontentusedincalculatingtheproportionsshallbe1.5,asshowninTablenumber5.3.3ofACI211.1–91.Fortheair-entrainedmixtures,theaircontentusedforthispurposeshallbe5.5.12.1.4Adjustthewatercontenttoobtainaslumpof31⁄261⁄2in.[90615mm].Theworkabilityoftheconcretemixtureshallbesuitableforconsolidationbyhandroddingandtheconcretemixtureshallhavetheminimumwatercontentpossible.Achievetheseconditionsbyfinaladjustmentsintheproportionoffineaggregatetototalaggregateorintheamountoftotalaggregate,orboth,whilemaintainingtheyieldandslumpintherequiredranges.
12.2Conditions—Prepareconcretemixturesbothwithandwithouttheadmixtureundertest.Referhereintotheconcretemixturewithoutthechemicaladmixtureasthereferenceorcontrolconcretemixture.Addtheadmixtureinthemannerrecommendedbythemanufacturerandintheamountneces-sarytocomplywiththeapplicablerequirementsofthespeci-ficationsforwaterreductionortimeofsetting,orboth.Whendesiredbythepersonoragencyforwhomthetestsarebeingperformed,theadmixtureisallowedtobeaddedinanamountsuchastoproduceaspecifictimeofsettingoftheconcretemixturewithinthelimitsoftheapplicableprovisionsofthisspecification.
12.2.1Non-Air-EntrainedConcrete—Whentheadmixtureistobetestedforuseonlyinnon-air-entrainedconcrete,theaircontentofboththemixturecontainingtheadmixtureundertestandthereferenceconcretemixtureshallbe3.5%orless,and
thedifferencebetweentheaircontentsofthetwomixturesshallnotexceed1.0.Ifnecessary,theair-entrainingadmixtureshallbeaddedtothereferenceconcretemixture.Testsforresistancetofreezingandthawingshallnotbemade.
12.2.2Air-EntrainedConcrete—Whentheadmixtureistobetestedforuseonlyinair-entrainedconcrete,theair-entrainingadmixtureshallbeaddedtothereferenceconcretemixtureand,ifnecessary,totheconcretemixturecontainingtheadmixtureundertestinsufficientamountstoproduceaircontentsintherange3.5to7.0%,exceptthatfortestsforresistancetofreezingandthawing,therangeshallbe6.061.0%.Inbothcasesthedifferencebetweentheaircontentofthereferenceconcreteandthatoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestshallnotexceed0.5.
13.Mixing
13.1MachinemixtheconcreteasprescribedinPracticeC192/C192M.
14.TestsandPropertiesofFreshlyMixedConcrete
14.1Samplesoffreshlymixedconcretefromatleastthreeseparatebatchesforeachconditionofconcreteshallbetestedinaccordancewiththemethodsdescribedin14.2-14.5.14.2Slump—TestMethodC143/C143M.14.3AirContent—TestMethodC231.
14.4TimeofSetting—TestMethodC403/C403M,exceptthatthetemperatureofeachoftheingredientsoftheconcretemixtures,justpriortomixing,andthetemperatureatwhichthetime-of-settingspecimensarestoredduringthetestperiodshallbe7363°F[23.062.0°C].14.5WaterContent:
14.5.1Reportthewater-cementratiooftheconcrete,com-putedtothenearest0.001,asfollows:Determinethenetwatercontentofthebatchastheweightofwaterinthebatchinexcessofthatpresentasabsorbedwaterintheaggregates.CalculatetheactualvolumeofconcreteinthebatchbydeterminingthedensityofconcreteinthebatchasprescribedinTestMethodC138.Determinethewater-cementratiobydividingthenetweightofwaterbytheweightofcementinthebatch.
14.5.2Calculatetherelativewatercontentoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestasapercentageofthewatercontentofthereferenceconcreteasfollows:Dividetheaveragewatercontentofallbatchesofconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestbytheaveragewatercontentofallbatchesofthereferenceconcreteandmultiplythequotientby100.
15.PreparationofTestSpecimens
15.1Makespecimensfortestsofhardenedconcrete,repre-sentingeachtestandageoftestandeachconditionofconcretebeingcompared,fromatleastthreeseparatebatches,andtheminimumnumberofspecimensshallbeasprescribedinTable2.Onagivendaymakeatleastonespecimenforeachtestandageoftestfromeachconditionofconcrete,exceptmakeatleasttwospecimensforthefreezingandthawingtestfromeachconditionofconcrete.Ifdesired,thepreparationofallspeci-menscanbecompletedinone,two,orthreedaysofmixing,providedthetestconcreteanditsreferencearemadeonthesameday.
TABLE2TypesandMinimumNumberofSpecimensandTests
Num-berofNum-NumberNum-TypesberofofCon-berofofTestditionsSpeci-Speci-AgesofCon-mens,mensAcreteBmin
Watercontent...12CSlump
112CAircontent11
2CTimeofsetting
1D26Compressivestrength15230Flexuralstrength
13218Freezingandthawing11212Lengthchange
1126Waterreducing,high...6...36range
Waterreducing,high...
6
...
36
—rangeandretarding
ASeeSection14and16.2.BSee12.2.CDeterminedoneachbatchofconcretemixed.DSee14.4.
15.2ManifestlyFaultySpecimens—Visuallyexamineeachgroupofspecimensrepresentingagiventestoragivenageoftest,includingtestsoffreshlymixedconcrete,beforeorduringthetest,orboth,whicheverisappropriate.Discardanyspecimenfoundtobemanifestlyfaultybysuchexaminationwithouttesting.Visuallyexamineallspecimensrepresentingagiventestatagivenageaftertesting,andshouldanyspecimenbefoundtobemanifestlyfaultythetestresultsthereofshallbedisregarded.Shouldmorethanonespecimenrepresentingagiventestatagivenagebefoundmanifestlyfaultyeitherbeforeoraftertesting,theentiretestshallbedisregardedandrepeated.Thetestresultreportedshallbetheaverageoftheindividualtestresultsofthespecimenstestedor,intheeventthatonespecimenoroneresulthasbeendiscarded,itshallbetheaverageofthetestresultsoftheremainingspecimens.16.TestSpecimensofHardenedConcrete
16.1NumberofSpecimens—SixormoretestspecimensforthefreezingandthawingtestandthreeormoretestspecimensforeachothertypeoftestandageoftestspecifiedinTable2shallbemadeforeachconditionofconcretetobecompared.16.2TypesofSpecimens—Specimensmadefromconcretewithandwithoutthechemicaladmixtureundertestshallbepreparedinaccordancewiththefollowing:
16.2.1CompressiveStrength—Makeandcuretestspeci-mensinaccordancewithPracticeC192/C192M.
16.2.2FlexuralStrength—MakeandcuretestspecimensinaccordancewithPracticeC192/C192M.
16.2.3ResistancetoFreezingandThawing—Testspeci-mensshallconsistofprismsmadeandcuredinaccordancewiththeapplicablerequirementsofPracticeC192/C192M.TestspecimendimensionsshallbeasrequiredbyTestMethodC666.Makeonesetofspecimensfromtheconcretemixturecontainingthechemicaladmixtureundertestandfromthereferenceconcretemixture,theaircontentofeachmixturebeingasspecifiedin12.2.2.
16.2.4LengthChange—MakeandcuretestspecimensinaccordancewithTestMethodC157/C157M.Themoist-curingperiod,includingtheperiodinthemolds,shallbe14days.
17.TestsonHardenedConcrete
17.1Testspecimensofhardenedconcrete(seeTable1)inaccordancewiththefollowingmethods:
17.1.1CompressiveStrength—TestMethodC39/C39M.Testspecimensatagesof1,3,7,and28days,6months,and1year.Calculatethecompressivestrengthoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestasapercentageofthecompressivestrengthofthereferenceconcreteasfollows:17.1.1.1Dividetheaveragecompressivestrengthofthespecimensmadefromtheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestatagivenageoftestbytheaveragecompressivestrengthofthespecimensmadefromthereferenceconcreteatthesameageoftestandmultiplythequotientby100.
17.1.1.2Whentestsareconductedwithmaterialsrepresen-tativeofthoseproposedforaspecificuseinaccordancewith11.4,andiftheresultsofthetestsarerequiredinaperiodoftimethatwillnotpermitcuringofspecimenstoagesof6monthsand1year,thetestsatthoseagesarepermittedtobewaived.
17.1.2FlexuralStrength—TestMethodC78.Testspeci-mensatages3,7,and28days.Calculatetheflexuralstrengthoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestasapercentageoftheflexuralstrengthofthereferenceconcreteasfollows:
17.1.2.1Dividetheaverageflexuralstrengthofthespeci-mensmadefromtheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestatagivenageoftestbytheaverageflexuralstrengthofthespecimensmadefromthereferenceconcreteatthesameageoftest,andmultiplythequotientby100.
17.1.3ResistancetoFreezingandThawing—ComparisontestsoftheconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestwiththereferenceconcretemixtureshallbemadeconcurrentlyusingProcedureAofTestMethodC666.Placespecimensundertestattheageof14days.CalculatetherelativedurabilityfactorsasshowninSpecificationC260.
17.1.4LengthChange—TestspecimensshallconsistofmoldedprismsmadeandtestedinaccordancewithTestMethodC157/C157Mexceptthatthemoistcuringperiod,includingtheperiodinthemolds,shallbe14days.ThenstorethespecimensinairunderconditionsspecifiedinthesectiononAirStorageofTestMethodC157/C157Mforaperiodof14days,atwhichtimedeterminethelengthchangeofthespecimen.Considerthedryingshrinkagetobethelengthchangeduringthedryingperiod,basedonaninitialmeasure-mentatthetimeofremovalofthespecimenfromthemold,andexpressitaspercenttothenearest0.001%basedonthespecimengagelength.Ifthelengthchangeofthereferenceconcreteafter14daysofdryingis0.030%orgreater,thelengthchangeondryingofconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertest,expressedaspercentofthelengthchangeofthereferenceconcrete,shallnotexceedthemaximumspecifiedinTable1.Ifthelengthchangeofthereferenceconcreteafter14daysofdryingislessthan0.030%,thelengthchangeondryingofconcretecontainingtheadmixtureundertestshallbenotmorethan0.010percentageunitsgreaterthanthatofthereferenceconcrete.
NOTE7—Sincethespecificeffectsproducedbychemicaladmixturesmayvarywiththepropertiesoftheotheringredientsoftheconcrete,
resultsoflengthchangetestsusingaggregatesofsuchanaturethatthelengthchangeondryingislowmaynotaccuratelyindicaterelativeperformancetobeexpectedwithotheraggregateshavingpropertiessuchastoproduceconcreteofhighlengthchangeondrying.
18.UniformityandEquivalenceTests
18.1InfraredAnalysis—Thistestprocedureisintendedtocomparequalitativelythecompositionofdifferentsamplesandresultsshouldnotbeinterpretedquantitatively.Sections18.1.1,18.1.2,and18.1.3giveageneralprocedurefortheinfraredanalysisofadmixtures(seeNote8).
18.1.1LiquidAdmixtures—Determinethedissolvedsolidsconcentrationby18.2anddiluteanaliquotoftheliquidadmixturesamplewithdistilledwatertoyieldadissolvedsolidsconcentrationofabout0.015g/mL,forexample,a5-mLaliquotdilutedto200mL.Pipet5mLofabovesolutionandaddittoapetridishwith2.5gofpotassiumbromideofagradesuitableforuseininfraredanalysisand5mLofdistilledwater.Stirandmixtodissolve.Placeinadryingoven(18.2.1.1)anddryfor1761⁄4hat10563°C.Coolandtransferthedriedresiduetoamortarandgrindtoafinepowder.Workquicklytoavoidmoisturepick-up.Weigh0.1gofthepowderand0.4gofpotassiumbromideofagradesuitableforuseininfraredanalysis.Mixinanelectricamalgamatorfor30susingstainlesssteelcapsuleandballs.Proceedinaccordancewith18.1.3.
18.1.2Non-liquidAdmixtures—Grind10gtoafinepowderwithmortarandpestle.Transferthesampletoapetridish,placeinadryingoven(18.2.1.1)anddryfor1761⁄4hat10563°C.Weighapproximately0.005gofthedrypowderand0.995gofpotassiumbromideofagradesuitableforuseininfraredanalysis.Mixinanelectricamalgamatorfor30susingstainlesssteelcapsuleandballs.Proceedinaccordancewith18.1.3.
18.1.3Toprepareadiskforinfraredanalysis,weigh0.300gofthemixturepreparedin18.1.1or18.1.2andtransferintoasuitabledie.Ifanevacuabledieisused,applyvacuumfor2minpriortopressing.Continuevacuumandpressatasuitableforcefor3min,producingadiskabout1mmthick.Removethediskfromthedie,insertintotheinfraredspectrophotometerandobtaininfraredabsorptionspectra.
NOTE8—Itisimportantthatthesameproceduresbeusedonallsamplestobecomparedwitheachotherandpreferablythattheybeconductedbythesameanalyst.Majorchangesininfraredspectramayresultfrom(a)watercontentdifferencesduetodryingvariations,(b)waterpickedupbyhygroscopicmaterials,(c)reactionbetweenthepotassiumbromideandsomeothercompoundpresent,and(d)differencesintimebetweenformationofthediskanditsuse.Also,thethresholdfordetectionofindividualcomponentsbyinfraredabsorptionvarieswidely,dependingupontheidentityandconcentrationofaccompanyingsub-stances.Forexample,significantamountsofsaccharidesmaybepresentinalignosulfonateadmixturewithouttheirpresencebeingindicatedbythismethod.
18.2ResiduebyOvenDrying(LiquidAdmixtures):
18.2.1Place25to30gofstandardOttawasand(20to30mesh)inawide-mouth,low-form(about60mminsidediameterand30mminheight)glassweighingbottleprovidedwithaground-glassstopper.Placetheweighingbottleandstopper,withstopperremoved,inadryingoven(18.2.1.1)anddryfor1761⁄4hat10563°C(Note7).Insertthestopperin
theweighingbottle,transfertoadesiccator,cooltoroomtemperature,andweightothenearest0.001g.Removethestopperand,usingapipet,evenlydistribute4mloftheliquidadmixtureoverthesand.Immediatelyinsertthestoppertoavoidlossbyevaporationandweightothenearest0.001g.Removethestopperandplaceboththebottleandstopperinadryingoven(18.2.1.1).Dryfor1761⁄4hat10563°C.Attheendofthedryingperiod,stoppertheweighingbottle,transfertoadesiccator,cooltoroomtemperature,andweightothenearest0.001g.
18.2.1.1DryingOven—Thedryingovenshallbeeitheraforcedcirculationtypeoronewithprovisionforfreeaccessofair.Thereshallbeprecisecontroloftemperatureandtimeofdryingsothatthedegreeofvolatilizationofthematerialotherthanwaterfromsampletosamplewillnotvary.18.2.2Calculation:
18.2.2.1Recordthefollowingmasses:
m1=massofstopperedbottlewithsandandsample,m=massofstopperedbottlewithsand,m2=mm31−m2=massofsample,
4=
massofstopperedbottlewithsandanddriedresidue,and
m5=m4−m2=massofdriedresidue.
18.2.2.2Calculatetheresiduebyusingthefollowingequa-tion:
Residuebyovendrying~percentbymass!5~m53100!/m3
(1)
NOTE9—Forlaboratoriesconductingthistestasaroutineoperation,previouslydriedsandandweighingbottlescanbemaintainedindesic-catorssothattheyareimmediatelyavailableforusewhenasampleistobetested.
18.2.3PrecisionStatement—Themaximummultilaboratorycoefficientofvariationforresiduebyovendrying(liquidadmixtures)hasbeenfoundtobe1.25%.Therefore,resultsoftestsbytwodifferentlaboratoriesonidenticalsamplesofanadmixturearenotexpectedtodifferfromeachotherbymorethan3.5%oftheiraverage(Note10).Themaximumsingle-operatorcoefficientofvariationhasbeenfoundtobe0.6%.Therefore,resultsoftwoproperlyconductedtestsbythesameoperatoronthesamematerialarenotexpectedtodifferbymorethan1.7%.
NOTE10—Theprecisionstatementsarebasedonthemaximumvaria-tionoftestsmadein18laboratoriesonsetsofthreeduplicatesamplesoftwodifferentadmixtures.
18.3ResiduebyOvenDrying(NonliquidAdmixtures):18.3.1Placeabout3gofthenonliquidadmixtureintoadriedandtaredglass-stopperedweighingbottle(similartotheonedescribedin18.2.1).Stopperanddeterminethemassofthebottleandcontentstothenearest0.001g.Removethestopperandimmediatelyplacebothbottleandstopperinadryingoven(18.2.1.1).Dryfor1761⁄4hat10563°C.Attheendofthedryingperiod,stoppertheweighingbottle,transfertothedesiccator,cooltoroomtemperature,andweightothenearest0.001g.
18.3.2Calculation:
18.3.2.1Recordthefollowingmasses:
m1=massoftaredstopperedweighingbottleandsamplebeforedrying,
m2=massofempty,stopperedweighingbottle,m3=massofsample=(m1−mtaredstopperedweighing2),
m4=massofbottleandsample
afterdrying,and
m5=massofoven-driedresidue=m4−m2.
18.3.2.2Calculatetheoven-driedresiduebyusingthefollowingequation:
Residuebyovendrying~masspercent!5@m3100#/m3
(2)
18.3.3PrecisionStatement—Themaximummultilaboratorycoefficientofvariationforresiduebyoven-drying(non-liquidadmixture)hasbeenfoundtobe1.40%.Therefore,resultsoftestsbytwodifferentlaboratoriesonidenticalsamplesofanadmixturearenotexpectedtodifferfromeachotherbymorethan4.0%oftheiraverage.Themaximumsingle-operatorcoefficientofvariationforresiduebyovendrying(non-liquidadmixture)hasbeenfoundtobe0.48%.Therefore,resultsoftwoproperlyconductedtestsbythesameoperatoronthesamematerialarenotexpectedtodifferbymorethan1.4%oftheiraverage.Note10alsoappliesto18.3.3.
18.4SpecificGravity(LiquidAdmixtures):
18.4.1Determinethespecificgravityat2561°CofaliquidadmixtureusinghydrometerscomplyingwithSpecifi-cationE100.HydrometersNo.112Hthrough117Hwillcovertherangeformostdeterminations.A250-mLgraduatedcylin-der,andawaterbathcapableofmaintaining2561°Cwillalsoberequired.
18.4.2Placeasampleinthe250-mLgraduatedcylinderandputinthehydrometerinsuchamannerthatitfloatsfreeanddoesnottouchthesideofthecylinder.Placethecylinderwithsampleandhydrometerintheconstant-temperaturebathuntilthetemperatureofthecylinder,hydrometer,andsampleisuniformat2561°C.Ifallareatpropertemperaturepriortoinsertionofthehydrometer,approximately10minshouldbeallowedforequilibrium.Ifthesampleshowsevidenceoffoaming,hydrometerreadingshouldbecontinueduntilcon-stantreadingsareobtained.Readthehydrometeratthebaseofthemeniscustothenearest0.005.
18.4.2.1Iffoamingisencounteredduringtransferoftheadmixturetothecylinder,sufficienttimeshallbeallowedforthefoamtodissipateorrisetothesurface,whereitshallberemovedbeforeinsertingthehydrometer.Crustingoftheadmixtureonthehydrometerstemduetoevaporationduringtemperatureadjustmentshallbeavoided.
18.4.3PrecisionStatement—Themaximummultilaboratorycoefficientofvariationforspecificgravity(liquidadmixtures)hasbeenfoundtobe0.316%.Therefore,resultsoftwodifferentlaboratoriesonidenticalsamplesofanadmixturearenotexpectedtodifferfromeachotherbymorethan0.9%oftheiraverage(Note10).Themaximumsingle-operatorcoeffi-cientofvariationhasbeenfoundtobe0.09%.Therefore,resultsoftwoproperlyconductedtestsbythesameoperatoronthesamematerialarenotexpectedtodifferbymorethan0.275%.
19.Report
19.1Reportthefollowing:
19.1.1ResultsofthetestsspecifiedinSections6,14,and17,andtherelevantspecificationrequirementswithwhichtheyarecompared,
19.1.2Brandname,manufacturer’sname,andlotnumber,characterofthematerial,andquantityrepresentedbythesampleoftheadmixtureundertest,
19.1.3Brandname,manufacturer’sname,andotherperti-nentdataonthematerialusedastheair-entrainingadmixture,19.1.4Brandname,manufacturer’sname,type,andtestdataontheportlandcementorcementsused,
19.1.5Descriptionof,andtestdataonthefineandcoarseaggregatesused,
19.1.6Detaileddataontheconcretemixturesused,includ-ingamountsandproportionsofadmixturesused,actualcementfactors,water-cementratios,unitwatercontents,ratiosoffinetototalaggregate,slump,andaircontent,and
19.1.7Intheeventthat,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsof17.1.1.2,someofthetestshavebeenwaived,thecircum-stancesunderwhichsuchactionwastakenshallbestated.20.Keywords
20.1accelerating;chemicaladmixtures;concrete;physicalrequirements;retarding;testing;waterreducing
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